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The Basics of Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology
Richard E. Kreipe, MD, FAAP, FSAHM, FAEDDr. Elizabeth McAnarney Professor of PediatricsDiv. of Adolescent Medicine, Dept. of Pediatrics
Golisano Children’s Hospital, University of Rochester
ACT for Youth Webinar September 4, 2018
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Outline
Define terms related to reproductive anatomy and physiology
Key internal and external changes in bodyCommon concerns and normal variantsResources
Terms Related to ReproductionGland: organ that produces hormones Hormones: chemical messengers that travel
in the bloodstream to affect other part(s) of the body
Hypothalamus: gland deep in brain that makes hormones to stimulate the pituitary
Pituitary: small gland below hypothalamus that makes hormones (FSH, LH) stimulating sex glands
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
https://www.timeofcare.com/hypothalamus-pituitary-hormones-and-their-functions/
Terms Related to Reproduction Gland: organ that produces hormones Hormones: chemical messengers that travel in the
bloodstream to affect other part(s) of the body Hypothalamus: gland deep in brain that makes
hormones to stimulate the pituitary Pituitary: small gland below hypothalamus that
makes hormones (FSH, LH) stimulating sex glands Sex glands (gonads)
Ovary: eggs; estrogen, progesterone Testicles (testes): sperm; testosterone
Reproductive organs Uterus (womb) →Vagina → Vulva (labia or lips) Penis and Scrotum (sac or bag)
Normal Fetal Development of Reproductive System and Genitalia
The CIBA Collection: Reproductive System—Netter, 1971
Undifferentiated♂ ♀
Male Female
www.anatomywarehouse.com/the-female-reproductive-system-anatomical-chart-a-102587
www.anatomywarehouse.com/the-female-reproductive-system-anatomical-chart-a-102587
Female Reproductive System
Ovary
Fallopian Tube
UterusCervix
VaginaVulva, Labia
www.health.com/health/library/mdp/0,,hw143376,00.html
www.anatomywarehouse.com/the-male-reproductive-system-anatomical-chart-a-102593
www.anatomywarehouse.com/the-male-reproductive-system-anatomical-chart-a-102593
http://www.netterimages.com/image/9033.htm Publication License NI0003842
Physical Changes of Puberty in Males
Physical Changes of Puberty in Females
Major Features of Puberty
Hormone changes Sex organ changes (reproductive capacity) Secondary sex characteristics Organ changes (eg ↓ lymphoid; brain maturation) Growth Spurt Weight increase (Girls fat>lean; Boys lean>fat)
Between 10 and 14 years of age, the average girl’s weight increases from 72 to 112 pounds,
a total of 40 pounds!
Additional Features of Puberty
Sequence of events Females
Breast development Growth spurt Menses
Males Testicles enlarge Penis enlarges Growth spurt
Onset and Tempo (Velocity) Early developers grow more quickly in height than
late developers
Average Age for Pubertal Events
8-11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
8.3 cm/yr 9.5 cm/yrPeak Height Velocity
Menses
Breast Black 9 yo; White 10 yo
8-11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Testes
Penis
2
3
Common Adolescent Concerns About Puberty
Onset Too early Too late
Height Too short Too tall
Menstrual periods Irregular periods normal Ovulation: Pregnancy possible
Nocturnal emissions “Wet Dreams” Ejaculation: Release of sperm
Acne, Body odor
Body Odor and Acne Due to secretions of glands beneath the surface
of the skin, stimulated by sex hormones that are produced during puberty.
Body odor: sweat glands producing sweat released on the surface of the skin for cooling.
Acne: sebaceous glands producing irritating fatty acids that are broken down by bacteria in the hair follicle.
www.daviddarling.info/images/types_of_acne_lesions.jpg
The ACT for Youth Center of Excellence connects positive youth development resources and research to practice in New York State and beyond. The Center provides:
Technical support, training, and evaluation for youth-serving programs funded by the NYS Department of Health.
Youth Development resources: www.actforyouth.net, publications, training and events, and the e-letter ACT for Youth Update.Email act4youth@cornell.edu to subscribe.
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act4youth@cornell.edu • 607-255-7736 • http://www.actforyouth.net
ACT for Youth Center of Excellence
ResourcesYoung Men’s Health.Org https://youngmenshealthsite.org/
Young Women’s Health.Org https://youngwomenshealthsite.org/
Thank You
Questions, Observations, Concerns
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