Revolutionary Period Literary Terms. 11/20/2015Free Template from 2006 2 Aphorism Short, concise...

Revolutionary Period

Literary Terms

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Aphorism

• Short, concise statement expressing a wise or clever observation or a general truth.

• Rhymes or repeated sounds• Two phrases-same grammatical Structure

“When the going gets tough, the tough get going.”

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Argument

• The position or claim the author establishes. – Support with valid evidence and reasoning– Use counterarguments that show opposing

viewpoints to balance argument

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Author’s Purpose

• The author’s intent to inform or teach someone about something, to entertain or to persuade or convince his/her audience to do or not to do something.

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Rhetorical Questions

• Questions the speaker does not expect people to answer verbally.

What is the effect of using rhetorical

questions in speeches or essays?

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Restatement

• Used to state an idea in a variety of ways

• Why do we state things several times even when we speak to others?

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Repetition

• The repeated use of any element of language—a sound, a word, a phrase, a clause, a sentence, a grammatical pattern, or a rhythmical pattern.

• Why is repetition difficult to use?

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Parallelism

• The repetition of a grammatical structure.

“Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”

J.F.K.

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Parallelism

Working on tall bridges requires tremendous balance, demands amazing agility, and

creates an eventual lack of fear.Working on tall bridges requires tremendous

balance, amazing agility, and will create an eventual lack of fear. 

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Personification

• An object or abstract idea given human qualities or human form.

• What affect could personification have on writing?

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Tone

• The attitude of the author toward the audience, characters, subject, or the work itself (serious, humorous)

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Allusion

• An implied or indirect reference in literature to a familiar person, place, or event.

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Types of Persuasion

• Ethos ( ethical appeal)—convincing by the character of the author (credibility)

• (We want someone we could trust and who has authority to tell us things, right?)

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Types of Persuasion

• Pathos (emotional)—persuading by appealing to the reader’s emotions instead of logic or reason.

• Uses vivid, emotional language (loaded language)

• Ex. specific examples of

suffering or potential threats

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Types of Persuasion

• Logos (Logical)—Persuading by the use of reasoning (show how many people think something is true).

• The logic used to support a claim

• Use facts and statistics

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Generalization

• A conclusion drawn from specific information that is used to make a broad statement about a topic or person.

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Logos: Deductive Reasoning

• Argument that begins with generalizations and leads to specific examples and facts to support it

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Logos: Inductive Reasoning

• Argument that begins with examples or facts and proceeds to draw a conclusion from them.

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