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Jarvie ‐ 1
Geochemical CharacteristicsGeochemical Characteristicsof theof the
Devonian Woodford ShaleDevonian Woodford ShaleDevonian Woodford ShaleDevonian Woodford Shale
Dan JarvieDan Jarvie
Worldwide Geochemistry, LLCWorldwide Geochemistry, LLC
Outline
• Background• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale‐Gas
– Oklahoma• Arkoma Basin• Anadarko Basin• Ardmore Basin
Texas
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 2
– Texas• Permian Basin
• Woodford Shale Oil • Summary
Jarvie ‐ 2
0.30
Reserves per Well Decliningbut offset by drilling more wells
Reserves per well added, 1973‐2015 est.
Improvement
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
MMBo
e / well
Stability
Decline
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 3
0.00
0.05
M
Sources: EIA; Bernstein Estimates
Where is the most likely place in a Where is the most likely place in a y py psedimentary basin to find sedimentary basin to find
hydrocarbons ?hydrocarbons ?
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 4
The source The source rockrock
Jarvie ‐ 3
North American Shale Resource Plays
23
24
6
22
1
3
7
9
17
18
23
26
252
21
19
81516
6
27
20
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 5
4 10
12145
X2
29
11
13
X1
31
30
28
DryInterpreted Estimated Gas δ13C δ13C δ13C
Thermal Maturity TOC TOCo HI Estimated %Roe Measured S1/TOC Ratio methane ethane propaneShale Window (wt %) (wt %) mg HC/g TOC TR from Tmax %R mg HC/g TOC Count (C1/(C1 C4) (ppt) (ppt) (ppt)
Geochemical Dataon various shale resource play types
Shale Window (wt.%) (wt.%) mg HC/g TOC TR from Tmax %Ro mg HC/g TOC Count (C1/(C1..C4) (ppt) (ppt) (ppt)Antrim Immature to early oil 5.27 5.35 432 10-20% 0.67 0.51 53 181 98% -55New Albany Oil 7.06 7.28 428 5-40% 0.65 na 21 59 52% -53 -44 -37Woodford Oil 9.23 9.61 503 10-50% 0.76 0.54 52 31Marcellus Dry gas 3.37 5.27 16 >90% 2.16 na 20 33Utica Dry gas 1.71 2.67 18 >90% nr na 33 21Fayetteville Dry gas 1.86 2.91 24 >90% nr 2.0-2.5 15 538Woodford Late oil-early gas 2.04 3.19 73 >80% 0.92 na 17 40Barnett Immature-early oil 5.21 5.37 380 12% 0.62 0.55 42 3Barnett Early oil 4.70 5.28 299 31% 0.86 0.77 78 25Barnett Gas 4.45 6.50 45 90% 1.72 1.67 19 90Atokan Late oil-early gas 3.11 4.86 23 >70% 1.4 na 27 18Barnett Late oil-early gas 4.04 6.31 67 >70% 0.76 - 1.48 0.86-2.15 33 858Woodford Late oil-early gas 3.93 6.14 87 >70% 1.02 1.20 - 2.10 70 32Bossier Dry gas 1.81 2.83 13 >90% nr 1.40 18 28Lewis Dry gas 1.46 2.28 22 >90% NR 1.60 18 22Waltman Oil 2.53 4.22 322 50% 0.75 0.69 5 43 97% -35 -23 -22B kk Oil 11 37 13 87 298 10 70% 50 1 00 0 55 0 95 43 349
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 6
Bakken Oil 11.37 13.87 298 10-70% .50 - 1.00 0.55 -0.95 43 349Monterey Oil 6.77 7.96 460 10-20% 0.40 0.45 88 12Antelope Oil 3.02 3.18 433 10-30% 0.55 na 70 70
All values are average values from Humble database and may include variable thermal maturities
TOCo total organic carbon, original valueHI hydrogen index (S2/TOC x 100; mg HC/g TOC)TR transformation ratio ((HIo - HIpd)/HIo) where HIo is original HI and HIpd is present-day HI value
%Ro vitrinite reflectance in oil submersion%Roe vitrinite reflectance equivalent; calculated from Rock-Eval Tmax valueppt parts per thousand or parts per mil
Jarvie ‐ 4
Shale CompositionAverage Percent Mineral Composition
Clay Potassium PlagioclaseAge Count Minerals Quartz Feldspar Feldspar Calcite Dolomite Siderite Pyrite Other
Quatenary 5 29.9 42.3 12.4 0.0 6.6 2.4 0.0 5.6 0.8Pliocene 4 56.5 14.6 5.7 11.9 3.2 0.0 2.9 1.8 3.4Miocene 9 25.3 34.1 7.8 11.7 14.6 1.2 0.0 1.9 3.4Oligocene 4 33.7 53.5 3.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3Eocene 11 40 2 34 6 2 0 8 1 3 8 4 6 1 7 1 6 3 4
50.0
60.0
Eocene 11 40.2 34.6 2.0 8.1 3.8 4.6 1.7 1.6 3.4Cretaceous 9 27.4 52.9 3.6 1.6 2.9 7.9 0.1 1.6 2.0Jurassic 10 34.7 21.9 0.6 4.4 14.6 1.6 0.4 10.9 10.9Triassic 9 29.4 45.9 10.7 0.7 3.7 4.1 5.1 0.0 0.4Permian 1 17.0 28.0 4.0 8.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 42.0Pennsylvanian 7 48.9 32.6 0.5 6.2 1.4 2.1 3.4 3.5 1.4Mississippian 3 57.2 29.1 0.4 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.6 5.1 4.7Devonian 22 41.8 47.1 0.6 0.0 2.0 1.3 0.3 3.3 3.6Ordovician 2 44.9 32.2 1.0 6.3 9.5 0.5 0.5 3.4 1.7Misc. ages 29 47.8 33.1 1.0 5.5 5.2 2.3 0.8 3.1 1.2
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 7
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
QUARTZ
CONTENTAverage Clay: 38%
Average Quartz: 36% O’Brien and Slatt, 1990
Woodford Shale, Delaware Basin, Texas:abundance of low reflecting abundance of low reflecting desmocollinitedesmocollinite
HGS ID: 04-2684-103341Country: USAC S i
VITRINITE REFLECTANCE
LEGEND
12
14
16
18
20
men
ts
Company: SuperiorWell: #1 El Paso StateDepth: 8310'Unit: FeetSample type: CuttingAnalyst: W.K.Date: 12-May-05Comments: Yellow/orange - orange spore fluorescence in mineral matter.
LEGENDLiptiniteDesmocolliniteTelocolliniteOxidised telocolliniteReworked vitriniteSemifusiniteInertiniteCavings/Contamination
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8
No.
mea
sure
m
VR/M %
Jarvie ‐ 5
Low MaturityNo Cracking
Diamondoids allow for recognition of oil cracking and mixing
High MaturityNo Cracking
Mixed OilsHigh & LowMaturity oils
Slightly Cracked
Intensely Cracked
-30
-25
Norm
Barnett Barnett Shale Gas Shale Gas DataData(Slide provided courtesy (Slide provided courtesy GeoMarkGeoMark Research)Research)
-40
-35
δ13 C
2
mal Increasing Maturity
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Wetness (%>C2)
-50
-45
Shale Gases Tight Sand Gases
Jarvie ‐ 6
Kerogen → Oil → Gas → Dry Gas
Thermal DecompositionThermal Decomposition
1.00.5 1.5 2.0
% Ro
Catalytic DecompositionCatalytic Decomposition
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 11
Kerogen → Dry GasCatalytic DecompositionCatalytic Decomposition
1.00.5 1.5 2.0
% Ro
15
R 2 = 0 88
60 Marine Shales (70% of database)60 Marine Shales (70% of database)
A/TOC = 2.6 ± 0.89
Catalytic Activity in Shales
TOC
5
10
TOC = 0.0086 (A)TOC = 0.0086 (A)0.890.89R = 0.88
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 12
Activity (ppb)
10 100 1000 10000
0
Jarvie ‐ 7
40
50Catalytic Catalytic ActivityActivityis relatedis related
0
10
20
30
0 4
0.6
0.81.0
1.2
810
Activ
ity
HI/(HI+O
I)
is relatedis relatedtoto
HydrogenHydrogenIndexIndex
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 13
0.0
0.2
0.4
02
46
8 HI/
TOC
Anoxic ShalesOxic Shales
Outline
• Background• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale‐Gas
– Oklahoma• Arkoma Basin• Anadarko Basin• Ardmore Basin
Texas
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 14
– Texas• Permian Basin
• Woodford Shale Oil • Summary
Jarvie ‐ 8
Comparison of Resource Potentials of Mississippian and Devonian Shales
Mississippian DevonianNew
Barnett Caney Fayetteville Floyd Woodford Albany Ohio ChattanoogaGeochemical Data Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale
Estimated average original TOC 5.84 5.01 5.51 5.65 15.45 13.54 8.34 11.47Estimated average original generation potential (mg/g) 29.75 19.8 23.9 21.98 59.68 73.81 38.52 42.32Estimated average total generation potential (bo/af) 651 433 523 481 1306 1616 843 926Estimated average total generation potential (mcf/af) 3907 2601 3139 2887 7838 9694 5059 5558
Thickness (feet) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Total generation potential (bcf/section) 250 166 201 185 502 620 324 356Estimated GIP with 15% retained hydrocarbons 38 25 30 28 75 93 49 53
*
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 15
(comparison made assuming all are 100 ft. thick)
* Ardmore Basin low maturity Woodford Shale outcropsArdmore Basin low maturity Woodford Shale outcrops
Comparison of TOC Values:Chert vs. Shale
16Ch t
6
8
10
12
14
rgan
ic Carbo
n (TOC)
Chert
Shale
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 16
0
2
4
1 2 3 4
Total O
Sample Number
Data from Comer and Hinch, 1987
Jarvie ‐ 9
Oil and Gas Decomposition Profileslow sulfur marine shales
0%
WOODFORD10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
GE
N T
RAN
SFO
RM
ATIO
N
WOODFORD
BAKKEN (II)
"BP 2-component D/E facies"
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 17
70%
80%
90%
100%75 95 115 135 155 175 195
KE
RO
G
TEMPERATURE (oC)
Primary Cracking of Organic Matter in Woodford Shale: Compositional Kinetics
3.8
4.2
0.9
1.0
Black Oil
1 4
1.8
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.4
3.8
0 3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
NITE
REF
LECT
ANC
E (%
Ro)
SFO
RMAT
ION
RATI
O (T
R)
CondensateWet GasDry GasVitrinite Reflectance
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 18
0.2
0.6
1.0
1.4
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
VITR
IN
TRAN
S
TEMPERATURE (oC)
Jarvie ‐ 10
Woodford Shale: Sample AOil and Gas Yields upon total decomposition
WOODFORD FORMATION
12%
29%
5%
C1C2-C4C5-C14
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 19
54% C5-C14C15+
Woodford Mineralogy: Example
60 Average Quartz: 37%Average Illite: 26%
20
30
40
50
Percen
tage
Quartz
Carbonate
Pyrite
Kaolinite
gAverage kerogen: 15%
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 20
0
10
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
P
Sample Number
Illite
Kerogen
Abousleiman et al., 2008
Jarvie ‐ 11
Outline
• Background• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale‐Gas
– Oklahoma• Arkoma Basin• Anadarko Basin• Ardmore Basin
Texas
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 21
– Texas• Permian Basin
• Woodford Shale Oil • Summary
Woodford Shale Plays:Arkoma, Anadarko, Ardmore, and Permian Basins
15
ANADARKO BASIN ARKOMA
BASIN
PERMIAN BASIN
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 22
4 10
14
ARDMORE BASIN
Jarvie ‐ 12
Woodford Shale Basins, Oklahoma
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 23Cardott, 2007
Comparison of early wells in Arkoma Basin: Vertical vs. Horizontal
6000
2000
3000
4000
5000
IP (m
cf/d
)
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 24
0
1000
Jarvie ‐ 13
Select Wells: Arkoma Basin (Oklahoma)
NDL Beebe #12.0%VRo
NDL Lola #20.67%VRo at 3920 ft.
Citrus Wild Turkey #11.125mmcf/d Caney
?
DPC Hammontree #11.24%VRo at 4,038 ft.
Pawnee Factor #10.98%VRo at 3465 ft.
Arco Fazekas #23 00%VRo at 11 700 ft
?
GasWindowOil
Window
12
3
5
67 9
1110 8
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 25
Sohio Taylor #11.52%VRo
Exxon Retherford #11.07%VRo at 17,190 ft.
3.00%VRo at 11,700 ft.
?
12
1.0 mcf/d (Newfield Woodford IP)
Outline
• Background• Woodford Shale GeochemistryWoodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale‐Gas
– Oklahoma• Arkoma Basin• Anadarko Basin• Ardmore Basin
– Texas• Permian Basin
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 26
– Midland Basin– Central Basin Platform– Delaware Basin
• Woodford Shale Oil • Summary
Jarvie ‐ 14
Thermal Maturity, Anadarko Basin:focus on Canadian County area
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 27Cardott, 1989
Woodford Shale, Canadian CountyAnadarko Basin
90
ock) HIGHLY OIL PRONE OIL PRONE
WITH SOME GAS
30
40
50
60
70
80
CA
RB
ON
PO
TENT
IAL
(mg
HC/g
Ro WITH SOME GAS
MIXEDOIL & GAS
PRONE
PRIMARILY
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 28
0
10
20
30
0 5 10 15 20 25
REM
AIN
ING
HYD
RO
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC, wt.%)
PRIMARILY GAS
PRONEOrganic
Lean
DRY GASPRONE
Jarvie ‐ 15
AnadarkoBasin
Canadian County,Canadian County,Woodford Shale:Woodford Shale:
Extent of conversionExtent of conversionandand
Thermal MaturityThermal Maturity
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 29
Outline
• Backgrounddf d h l h• Woodford Shale Geochemistry
• Woodford Shale‐Gas– Oklahoma
• Arkoma Basin• Anadarko Basin• Ardmore Basin
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 30
Ardmore Basin
– Texas
• Woodford Shale Oil • Summary
Jarvie ‐ 16
Woodford Shale, Ardmore Basin
80
90
Roc
k) HIGHLY OIL PRONE OIL PRONEWITH SOME GAS
30
40
50
60
70
80R
OC
AR
BO
N P
OTE
NTI
AL
(mg
HC
/g
MIXEDOIL & GAS
PRONE
PRIMARILY GASOrganic
Lean
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 31
0
10
20
0 5 10 15 20 25
REM
AIN
ING
HYD
R
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC, wt.%)
PRONELean
DRY GASPRONE
ArdmoreArdmoreBasinBasin
Woodford ShaleWoodford Shale
•High remaining potential•Low to moderate
Thermal maturity
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 32
Thermal maturity
Jarvie ‐ 17
Outline
• Background• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale‐Gas
– Oklahoma• Arkoma Basin• Anadarko Basin• Ardmore Basin
Texas
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 33
– Texas• Permian Basin
• Woodford Shale Oil • Summary
Distribution of TOC in Permian Basin
45
10152025303540
Cou
nt
WolfcampAtokaBarnettWoodford
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 34
050
0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10TOC (wt.%)
Jarvie ‐ 18
Woodford Shale, Permian Basin:Decrease in Hydrogen Index with increasing thermal maturity
y = ‐0.391ln(x) + 3.0252R² = 0.9091
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60te Reflectan
ce (%
Ro)
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 35
1.80
2.00
2.20
0100200300400500600700
Vitrinit
Hydrogen Index (mg HC/g TOC)
Predicted Temperature of Earliest Generated Woodford Shale Oil
y = 0.049x3 ‐ 6.3833x2 + 277.23x ‐ 3887.9R² 0 9854
80
R² = 0.985490
100
110
120
p from
Oil Ana
lysis (oC)
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 36
130
140
30 35 40 45 50
CTem
p
API Gravity
Jarvie ‐ 19
Permian Basin: oil and gas windowsHydrogen Indices (HI) vs. Depth
Permian Basin
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Dep
th (f
eet)
Oil Window Wet DryGas Gas
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 37
10000
12000
14000050100150200250300
Hydrogen Index (HI)
Outline
• Background• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale‐Gas
– Oklahoma• Arkoma Basin• Anadarko Basin• Ardmore Basin
Texas
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 38
– Texas• Permian Basin
• Woodford Shale Oil • Summary
Jarvie ‐ 20
Fractures in Bakken Shale
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 39Pitman et al., 2001
Bakken Shale DatabaseWilliston Basin, USA
ORGANIC MATTER QUALITY
160.00
Type I
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
ON
GEN
ERA
TIO
N P
OTE
NTI
AL
(mg
HC
/g R
o
Mixed
Type IIOil Prone
(usu. marine)
Type IOil Prone(usu. lac.)
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 40
0.00
20.00
40.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (wt. % TOC)
HYD
RO
CA
RB
O
Type IIIGas Prone
Gas/Oil Prone
Jarvie ‐ 21
Residual Oil Saturationfrom geochemical analyses
30.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
EE O
IL (m
g H
C/g
TO
C)
Moderate Saturation
High Saturation
Oil Shows/Productive
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 41
0.00
5.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
TOC (wt.%)
FRE
Low Saturation
Moderate Saturation
Free Oil Content at Low Level Conversion of Woodford Shale
600
700PotentialPotentialReservoirsReservoirs
200
300
400
500
600
drogen
Inde
x (m
g HC/g TO
C)
ReservoirsReservoirs
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 42
0
100
200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Hyd
Normalized Residual Oil Content (mg HC/g TOC)
Jarvie ‐ 22
Outline
• Background• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale Geochemistry• Woodford Shale‐Gas
– Oklahoma• Arkoma Basin• Anadarko Basin• Ardmore Basin
Texas
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 43
– Texas• Permian Basin
• Woodford Shale Oil • Summary
Summary
• Woodford Shale geochemistry is variable in t fterms of– Organic richness– Original generation potential– Thermal maturity– And hence... Gas contents, GIP, and EURs
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 44
• Make use of all available samples and analytical techniques to optimize exploration and production impact
Jarvie ‐ 23
Thank you !Thank you !
Peace be with you !
(Shalom)
(Salam Alakum)
Dan Jarvie. Worldwide Geochemistry Oklahoma Gas Shales Oct 22, 2008, OKC, OK 45
danjarvie@wwgeochem.com281-802-8523
www.wwgeochem.com
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