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Review of San Diego GigaPoP Review of San Diego GigaPoP MeetingsMeetings
Review of San Diego GigaPoP Review of San Diego GigaPoP MeetingsMeetings
Denver 12 June 1997
Denver 12 June 1997
Meeting StructureMeeting StructureMeeting StructureMeeting Structure
GigaPoP Technical: Tuesday GigaPoP Business: Wednesday
Both focused on issues common to all the gigaPoPs
Common theme: similar problems and a diversity of solutions
Technical Meeting: Session 1Technical Meeting: Session 1Technical Meeting: Session 1Technical Meeting: Session 1
Welcomes Overview: 1997 vs 1998 Outline of 1997 Engineering Technical Challenges
Applications and EngineeringApplications and EngineeringApplications and EngineeringApplications and Engineering
Applications
Engineering
Motivate Enables
Strategic ObjectivesStrategic ObjectivesStrategic ObjectivesStrategic Objectives
Enable advanced applications Strengthen the Universities in their research
and education mission Pioneer the introduction of:
Quality of Service Advanced Multicast Support IPv6
Establish the gigaPoPs as effective service points
1997 Aspirations1997 Aspirations1997 Aspirations1997 Aspirations
High-speed uncongested best-efforts IPv4 service
T3 and OC3 rates will be typical OC12 to some sites About 12 vBNS connect points About 45 universities connected Importance of measurements
1998 Aspirations1998 Aspirations1998 Aspirations1998 Aspirations
Growing number of gigaPoPs Growing number of institutions connected
Introduction of Quality of Service Support Advanced Multicast Support Introduction of IPv6 Support
Examples of Emerging GigaPoPsExamples of Emerging GigaPoPsExamples of Emerging GigaPoPsExamples of Emerging GigaPoPs
ATL: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Tennessee
BOS: New England CLE: Ohio DCA: DC, Maryland,
Virginia DEN: Westnet states DTW: Michigan HOU: Texas LAX: Southern California
NYC: Metro NYC area ORD: Chicago region PDX: Oregon PIT: Western Pennsylvania RDU: North Carolina SEA: Alaska, Washington SFO: Northern California SYR: Upstate New York
Sketch of Internet2 ArchitectureSketch of Internet2 ArchitectureSketch of Internet2 ArchitectureSketch of Internet2 Architecture
Interconnect
gigaPoP
u
gigaPoP
gigaPoP
gigaPoP
uu
u
uu
u
u
Interconnect: connects all the gigaPoPs to each other
GigaPoPs: connect universities to the Interconnect and to other services
Universities: upgrade their LANs to more than 500 Mb/s
Generic Internet2 GigaPoPGeneric Internet2 GigaPoPGeneric Internet2 GigaPoPGeneric Internet2 GigaPoP
u
u
u
u
I2
other NGI
CommodityProviders
Fundamental 1997 ArchitectureFundamental 1997 ArchitectureFundamental 1997 ArchitectureFundamental 1997 Architecture
Upgraded campus nets High-speed access to gigaPoPs Effective gigaPoPs vBNS as the initial Interconnect
BalanceBalanceBalanceBalance
Give users the appearance of a seamless Internet2
Exploit diversity on matters that do not need to be the same
Overview of 1997 EngineeringOverview of 1997 EngineeringOverview of 1997 EngineeringOverview of 1997 Engineering
vBNS to gigaPoP gigaPoP to gigaPoP gigaPoP to campus workstation to campus
vBNS as the initial InterconnectvBNS as the initial InterconnectvBNS as the initial InterconnectvBNS as the initial Interconnect
Core: Vector ATM switches in 8 MCI PoPs OC12 being provisioned among them Access: FORE ATM switches in 10 sites
Full PVP mesh among the FORE switches Routers: Cisco 7500 and Ascend UBR ATM used throughout New connections engineered to the Cisco
routers
vBNS to gigaPoP IssuesvBNS to gigaPoP IssuesvBNS to gigaPoP IssuesvBNS to gigaPoP Issues
IPv4 as the Common Bearer Service BGP routing between Internet2 and vBNS vBNS as gigaPoP-to-gigaPoP Interconnect non-Internet2 sites accessible via the
vBNS Measurement issues
gigaPoP to gigaPoP IssuesgigaPoP to gigaPoP IssuesgigaPoP to gigaPoP IssuesgigaPoP to gigaPoP Issues
Network Management Multicast Deployment Security non-Internet2 issues
gigaPoP to campus IssuesgigaPoP to campus IssuesgigaPoP to campus IssuesgigaPoP to campus Issues
Access Routing issues Measurement issues
workstation to campus Issuesworkstation to campus Issuesworkstation to campus Issuesworkstation to campus Issues
Measurement issues
Technical ChallengesTechnical ChallengesTechnical ChallengesTechnical Challenges
Delay-bandwidth products Intolerance of Delay Intolerance of Packet Loss End-to-end nature of performance
Seamlessness
Technical Meeting: Session 2Technical Meeting: Session 2Technical Meeting: Session 2Technical Meeting: Session 2
Issues for our Coordination Routing Measurement Multicast Network Management Security
Issues to be raised at the Business Meeting
Routing IssuesRouting IssuesRouting IssuesRouting Issues
Appropriate routing I2 to I2 packets I2 to/from other ‘community of interest’ sites
Impact on performance / network management Small routing tables should help Flapping should be easy to keep small
Measurement IssuesMeasurement IssuesMeasurement IssuesMeasurement Issues
Traffic Utilization campus to gigaPoP gigaPoP to gigaPoP
Performance campus to gigaPoP gigaPoP to gigaPoP
Flow Characterization at campus DMZ at gigaPoP to Interconnect DMZ
Multicast IssuesMulticast IssuesMulticast IssuesMulticast Issues
Scalability Performance Routing / management
Network Management IssuesNetwork Management IssuesNetwork Management IssuesNetwork Management Issues
Campus to campus seamlessness Shared trouble tickets
Security IssuesSecurity IssuesSecurity IssuesSecurity Issues
Privacy Corruption of the infrastructure Corruption of user traffic Tension with measurement Tension with performance
Technical Meeting: Session 3Technical Meeting: Session 3Technical Meeting: Session 3Technical Meeting: Session 3
Roundtable discussion… What approaches are being taken to ..
Co-lo based gigaPoPs ATM-cloud-based gigaPoPs SONET-based gigaPoPs
What approaches ...…What approaches ...…What approaches ...…What approaches ...…
Placement of servers within gigaPoPs web caches usenet others MBone
What approaches ...…What approaches ...…What approaches ...…What approaches ...…
Router peering gigaPoP router peers with vBNS gigaPoP route server constrains how campus routers
peer with vBNS Aggregating/disaggregating of traffic
What approaches ...What approaches ...What approaches ...What approaches ...
Traffic utilization measurement NetScarf others
What approaches ...What approaches ...What approaches ...What approaches ...
Traffic characterization OC3mon netflow / cflowd netchar others
What approaches ...What approaches ...What approaches ...What approaches ...
Performance CSG infrastructure NPD and successors active vs passive within applications others
Technical Meeting: Session 4Technical Meeting: Session 4Technical Meeting: Session 4Technical Meeting: Session 4
Overview of 1998 Engineering Issues Quality of Service Multicast improvements IPv6
Interconnection with Agency NGI Components
Formation of Working Groups
1998 Overview: Quality of 1998 Overview: Quality of ServiceService
1998 Overview: Quality of 1998 Overview: Quality of ServiceService
What are the needs each application has? Bandwidth Packet loss Delay and Jitter
At the core, are these known on a per-flow basis?
How near to complete end-to-end extent is possible?
QoS Issues (continued)QoS Issues (continued)QoS Issues (continued)QoS Issues (continued)
Suppose you do nothing: load due to best-efforts traffic among I2 members OC12 capacity within the core
Suppose you reserve some capacity for advanced applications on certain gigaPoP to gigaPoP paths: you can then support a certain number of advanced applications capacity and packet loss can be assured delay can be improved with ‘weighted fair queuing’
QoS Issues (continued)QoS Issues (continued)QoS Issues (continued)QoS Issues (continued)
Issues at the edge Admission control Measurement (billing?) Marking of packets
Issues at the core Provision of resources to marked packets Low packet loss in presence of very high delay-
bandwidth products
1998 Overview: Multicast1998 Overview: Multicast1998 Overview: Multicast1998 Overview: Multicast
Current MBone community is small Many advanced applications are naturally
multicast one to many (e.g., distance education) few to few (e.g., graduate seminars or conferences)
Internet2 technical community has much of the Internet’s experience in these matters
Scaling is hard: Optimize for transmission lines? Optimize for packet forwarding?
1998 Overview: IPv61998 Overview: IPv61998 Overview: IPv61998 Overview: IPv6
Initially this will appear to be an end in itself
We hope/expect that it will become an aid to solving other problems
Products will be available beginning 1997
Interconnection with other Interconnection with other Agency NGI ComponentsAgency NGI ComponentsInterconnection with other Interconnection with other Agency NGI ComponentsAgency NGI Components
Clarity of purpose Notion of Internet2 ‘community of interest’ Technical criteria
Note similarity to international interconnection issues
Formation of Internet2 Working Formation of Internet2 Working GroupsGroups
Formation of Internet2 Working Formation of Internet2 Working GroupsGroups
Routing Measurement Network Management Security Topology Quality of Service Multicast IPv6
Business MeetingBusiness MeetingBusiness MeetingBusiness Meeting
Discussion of AUP Business Issues of Common Interest
Discussion of AUPDiscussion of AUPDiscussion of AUPDiscussion of AUP
Note that Internet2 introduces no new connectivity
Strict view: only I2 to I2 relaxed to deal with inter-agency and
international connections
All I2 to I2 traffic will be supported
Business Issues of Common Business Issues of Common InterestInterest
Business Issues of Common Business Issues of Common InterestInterest
How to deliver a service: cooperative staff of gigapops outsource
Kinds of services SONET, ATM, etc. IP engineering NOC services
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