View
2
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
�
�
�
�
� � � �
� � � �
� � � � � �
�
� � �� ��� �
� �� � � �
� � � ���� � � �
�� � � ��
� �
� �������������
� !"#$ %&'()* +,-./01'2345�6789:;<=>�? @AB234- CD -EFG�;< >��� 'AHIJEK?(LM NOP/QRSTU234- CD ( VWX(YZ[\]"N^ ��_`ab�
LM 8c'234-'Ddef)ghijkl-mln V�o>���p\'�qrEstu;<(v'Ddw^ xyzC{d[ Vxy� ��| }~�?�1(t�\]< !p!j8\ 5���DV�o>��� j� V FG�;<��? ����'���FG�;<������� j� j�'��'����s V�����j� ��d0�234-
���� ���� ���y �� ¡
� ����
� �
��
��� �� ������� �
�������� � ����� !"#�$%&�'(
�
� � �
�
��
�
� � �
149
Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst.
Univ. Tokyo
Vol. pp.
* e-mail : ishibe@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp
the Meiji-Tokyo earthquake, the and Ibaraki-ken Nanbu earthquakes, the Uraga-
Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo
Association for Earthquake Disaster Prevention
The Earthquake Research Committee of the Headquarters of Earthquake Research and Promo-
tion estimated the probability of an earthquake of magnitude around . occurring during the next
years as . This is based on five earthquakes that occurred in the southern Kanto region (i.e.,
channel earthquake and the Chiba-ken Toho-Oki earthquake). However, it has been revealed
that the Kanto region is situated on complicated tectonic conditions due to subduction of the Phil-
ippine Sea Plate and the Pacific Plate beneath the continental plate, and that various types of earth-
quake occur. Therefore, it is necessary to classify these earthquakes into interplate and slab earth-
quakes, and to estimate their recurrence intervals. In this paper, at the outset of such studies, we
review previous studies on two earthquakes (the Meiji-Tokyo and Ibaraki-ken Nanbu
earthquakes) that occurred in the Meiji era and collect the data.
: M class earthquakes, the Meiji Tokyo Earthquake, the Ibaraki-ken Nanbu
Earthquake, the southern Kanto region
PAC PHS
Matsu’ura
Abe, PHS
*
Takeo Ishibe *, Akihito Nishiyama , Kenji Satake and Kunihiko Shimazaki
et al.,
Abstract
Key words
The Meiji Tokyo Earthquake and the Ibaraki-ken Nanbu
Earthquake
M
Review of Previous Studies on M -class Earthquakes
that Occurred in the Southern Kanto Region and Data
Collection
+
,
+
,
+ + + ,
+ + + ,
2. ,**3 +.3 +2,
++- **-, + + +
+23. +3,+ +3,, +3,,
1 *
-* 1*
+321
+23. +23/
1 +23. +23/
,** .**
,**.
+3,-
+23. +3,-
+32* +3-+
+31. +3-+
+
+23. +23/
+23. +23/
1
1
� �� ���� ��
� �� �� � � � ��� �� �
� �� � � �� � �
� � � � � ��� � �
� �� � � �
� � � � �� � � �
� � � �� � �� � � � �
� � � � �� � � �
� � �� �
�� �
� � � �
� �
����� �� ��!" # $ %# &' ()*+, - ./01234�� 5 6 7�� �� 89:;
!" < =>?@ABC� <DE F GH I =J3K?= LM=���� 5 6 � E��!" 2NO �� PQ � R�� +# 234�� STU 7�� VWXY KZ E[\6 E�� STU ]^_`a !" = () b cd= E��+KZ 5 6 7��=ef1OgEhi #j4 NkN!/l m)lE��H�no 2pqr�� 2s$E� =+t4��u Eu v / #jwO, <D E1x)E��#j4
!" & = =+1*g �� k=y1* z {|/ l)*1!kwO,34 mE 2=}kw*~ = ��� 2/��34�} EK?! �kl <DE =+1* ��E&m�j41H ��%E�n�=+t4��u /��= �� ��� +KZ �z�N* �E�#j4m&/� ()*14 �� E # 234 ��� &�N � ���N
� �� V;� !" b *14 � H ��= NO F !H �� �� 2LM ]�=� ��u E v�� 3)� �� G#j4&NO
O, R#� � ¡N!kwO/ & �$ F� GE0 vEO¢=H <DE �=� � ¡NOm&kl £¤Fklu F=¥ ��<D = �vN*�E¦.� lk=N§Nyyj4¨ .& ©�� 2E- .�� ª, NE �� 34 /j4 �m# �EN*14 �� 8_`'« E F G=+1 ¬¢&N* ®#Hm)l ��E?Q �F= 2
* ��¯&NO # 234°± NO � R��+KZ [\6 E�²³´Bµ L© & D ���E 2� H � �E ���¶·&N* ¸¹_`Eº &»B¼E½
� � ��
� � � � � � � � � �� �
� � � �� � � � � �� � �
� � � � � � � ���� � � � ��
�� � �� � !�
"# � � $ % &� ' � ( ��
� �)� * � � � +
, � � - � . � %� � � � / 0 �
� � � � +� �� � � �
1 � �2 � 3 456 7 89* � � � � � � �
� � � �� � � �: � + ;
�
��
� �
� � �
�� � �
� � �
�
150
Fig. . Five earthquakes (i.e., the Meiji-Tokyo earthquake, the Ibaraki-ken Nanbu
earthquake, the Ibaraki-ken Nanbu (Ryugasaki) earthquake, the Uraga-channel
earthquake and the Chiba-ken Toho-Oki earthquake) used to estimate the occurrence
probability of ‘other M class earthquakes have occurred in the southern Kanto region’.
The epicenter and magnitude of the Chiba-ken Toho-Oki earthquake are based on
the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and others are based on Utsu ( ).
PHS
Okada and
Kasahara, PAC
PAC
Utsu,
; Shima- M
zaki, ; ;
km km
M
+ +23. +23/
+3,+ +3,,
+321
1
+321
+313
+3,- -* 1*
+321 ,**.
+33* + +22/
,**/ / +23. +23/
+33, +3,+ +3,,
+33, +33, +321
+31.
+3,3 1
+31+ +31. ,**. ,**1
,**+ +3,- 0*
+32/ +33, /
/
-* 2* +23. +23/
1 ,
� � �� � � ��� �����
� �� � � �
� � �� �
��
� � � � �� � ��� � � �� � ��
� � � � �� � �� � ��
� � �� � �
� � �� �� �
� � � � � � � �� �� � � � � � �
� � �� � � � �
� � �� �� � � � � ��
� � � � � ��
� � � �� �
� �� �
� �� � �� � � � �
� � � � �� � �
� � � � �� �� � � �
�� � � � � � �� �
� � �� � � � � �� � � � � � �
� � � �� � � �
� � � � � �� � � �� � �
� � �� � � � � � �� � � �� � � � �
� � ��
� �
���� !"� �� �#$%& �'&()* + ,�- �./��0&� 1� ������234 56 & ��% ! 7�8% &� �
9 :;�< & => ?� @� �##AB�*�CD��EF(GHIJK,�E � LM � 7& CB� � D�+ ,N- �./��0�&� 0C NOPL%$�D� QR ,�ST U
V � 56 9 :;�#$% 7N �A��D�N EPL%$ C��� � � / !W�X�Y � H S Z [ [\ @ ] ^
_ � V ` C)� a V [b^ ��Qc�� V �dML N �D� �e�% V� � �, �S$%* Z [ [\ �O PL� fE� � �� � & ��C�%$� �X�g N @PL%$h �; 9i C)� � j j�e kl & V W�ST*��A�� N �A�� h � a m� �1�/ � nopC)�] 9i � 0C a�Qc��D�IJ a m9q r � @� �� V �stu � i C)�dML� v w 'x�y w�u �z* aN 4
{ D� & | }~N � �A 1� h> &�/%� � V ` � � 4� a � ���� ��NXL�LN ��D�IJ �C a }N PL� � h �; N C a��M | }~ T��� � ; � aN� �A��D��[^ & kl Z [ [\ @��� u�� �g � @� � 9 � & Z [ [\ � PL
�e V9` C)� a� /� kl �S ������� E + , � fE �TO E ��% � &z W u �#$%< �� 1� u��� PL���B ��%� E�z � � >� ,& ��esC �C fE N JLCI��CB�D� 7��% �CB (B N �A�/�z N z�E�NA X�u � � Z [; �ST � NSeX �Q��D�� @�g �& &z �!%./ eB 7& �CB�N��� ��Bz ���� &¡ t¢ � (B �E�PL%$ � a } Z [ [\ �������
& CJR� a� m�#$% E + ,�E PL� fIJ £ JL�H X� � ¤ C)� g � �� 1� V�ST 2A1B�¥�� N 5N $ �¦J �i � W1�& §N V ¨L � �D�IJ 5& 4 �A© [� PL�+ ,�E PL�z §�s� �� & V W� a u �D�� JI��� PJ� V�ª« a i a � ¬ S$% a� T� ®� h ª«SeRi �#$
� �� & % h� � �� ¯ � °��Z [ 'x� V [ [ [\ ����� & E IJ V � kl�� E + , ± �ST Z [ [\ �$KLI& EPL%$C�S$%& IJ 7� fE W & $ �ST U 7� � £ B X
7 �²�� �CJR�O³´ � �� � k6 � V µ¶·� ¶ ¡ ���,�g E CJR� W � z kl l O ¸ �ez � z � k& � V � & �
� § U 7 � @�� ��% PL%$ ¨ ¹ & V >�%& eB � º ��7�8% 0 �S$%�»L� �¼½� @��
� � �� �� �
�� �� �� �� � � ��� � �� � � � � ��� � �� �� �� � � � � �
� ! " �� # $�%� � � ���
& '��� ( ��)*+� �� � � �� ,# �%- .
/ 0 1 2 � � �� 3� 4 5*+6$7 ) 8 � 9 : � ;� 5 <
*+� �� �� �� �= �=�� � > ?@A > > � � �� 3 & ��BCD E CD �F G#H ! &I �J K K; L MN; O P Q RS � T
U�V W$X J K YZ[ : \ / ]� ?@A :4 L^ � : _ \ & ` � �� � T aAb L�� c � b : d CD >�e f �� � ghi �j MkD > kD > K J K
��� � 9 Ql d : mnK oK Xp qO�� r : i st u J K K; d� : v� ghi � oK 4; : �
� 5 Q RS � � �� � .!3 w &I � � xyz{ < �= � � �� 3 |�
� 9 : 0 Q RS } ![ � ~X B ! ��& � �� (� ���� # � .! |�7�# �� ���� � � �� w � B ! �
� $7� ���� �� ���} ���� �� w � � � �- �
& �� (�� � $� �� � �����$ �= �=� �6��X � : i � � �� 3�= �� : \ 2 } ![ � ! ��B � �
�� ���� w�� � ¡�� &I �� �¢ .! �-X£ � a �� ¤ w L ¥ �¦� � §�� ¨ � a %- � |� � ! �����©ª �= � T : Ck « * .! �
D : L: ¬ ®¯ : v � J K L°h �¯ �� .! �= � J ± { ²³´ µ ¶� � � � b �� 3 �= �� !_ � · Q} ![ � � � (� _Q RS � � �� 3 *
( � B ! � �~X ( �� ,# � � �� w ¤S |� � � � ¸ �¹� G
�� & ! ��� � � �� � Q RS Rº &b����� ���� �� ] � �- �� � � ¹b� �� ,# � .! » m�� *+� ���w_ ( ¼6� ¼ � � �½&N � _ �
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � ��
����� � �����������
�
� �
�
��
�
�
� � � � � � � ��
151
M
a
Sekiya
Sekiya and Omori
, a,
a, ;
.
. . .
a
D
E
mm,
mm sec
a Omori a, b,
c
a
A
km
b F
B c
b
.
. E . N M .
C
et al.
M . ;
,
1
-
,**3
+23. +*
+ +23. +23.
+23. 0 ,* +23. +23/
+233 +3** +3,,
,. 1 -+
+23. +23/ +231
,
+31/ +323 2
,**. +* ,3
- .1
+* ,+ 2 /* * .2
+23/
+23.
+233
-
+-*
+***
+233 +3** +23. +23.
+23.
+23.
,/*
++
.*
+23.
+23.
+233
+ ++2
,/ 0 2
,,
+3/* +31+
+-3 3 -/ 1 1 /
+31,
-
, +23. 1 * +313
, +
�
Ta
ble
+.P
re
vio
us
stu
die
so
nh
yp
oc
en
tra
llo
ca
tio
n,
foc
al
me
ch
an
ism
an
dm
ag
nit
ud
eo
fth
e+2
3.M
eij
i-T
ok
yo
ea
rth
qu
ak
e.
���� ��� �� ����
� �
� � �
152
������� �� ��������������
� � �� � �
! � �� �
" " � �� � � � � � � "
� � � � �" � � �
" " � � �� "
� � � "� � � # � #
$ � �� %
� " � � �
& &
'()*+�,-./012��34 ��56�7 �89:1 ; < ; < =>?@AB*B/
CD=EFGHIJ� KL��MN O9� �P QRS>*TN UV� /WRM �XYZY[\� ]]� =^_ = �`abcde f� XYZY �g �g h7��i�jk�l��'Bmfnop�qrs�tuvw@A�gxy/[ z{ ; < G|}�� ~� �\� �g = H� ~*�+��� ���� �gxy��8/K�� ��]�@A ��=~�Mf���/��MR��� �g �+i=��� � �g�l���� ^_ = �g�n X���=����'(��+lF �� � i���@A�'(��+lFT�P�l���[\g h7��i�jk@A �� �� �8 �
¡¢ = tu@A�P/ �CD=
[\� X�[\£¤/¥g ¦g�§¨ �/WRM � �g h7��i�jk@A©> g�ªk�« ¬} = �`abcd
� �
�� �
�
�
�
�
�
153
M
Fig. . Photographs of damage caused by the Meiji-Tokyo earthquake (left : southern
face of Rikkyo university at Tsukiji ; right : Kakizawa factory at Yokokawa, Honsho).
These are in the possession of the National Museum of Nature and Science.
Fig. . Leveling survey conducted before and after the Meiji-Tokyo earthquake
(from Geographical Survey Institute, )
log . . cmcm
cm M . S S
a, b a
M . km
km b
. N . Elog . . km
km
M . a,
S M
S M
,/
. /
,.
1
, +23.
- +23.
+31,
+303
+23. . +230 -* 2, 0 2
.
, 0 1
+31, +23/ +3/,
,1 1 +2 1 * 1*
-* +31,
+31+
+31- -/ 1 +-3 2*2 , + *
+*
0 . +31/ +323
� �
� � � �
� �� � � � �
� � � � �� � � �
� � � � � � � �� �
� � � �� � �
� � � �� � �
� � � � � ��
� � � �� �
� � � � � � � �� � �� � � �� � �
� � � � �� �
� � � � � �� � � �
� � � �� � �� � �
� � ��� � ��� � � � � �� � �� � � � � �
� � � �� � � �� � �
� � �� � � �
� � � � �
� � � �� � � � � ��
� �� �
�� � � �� � � � � �� � � �
� � � �� � � ��� � � � ��
� � � � �
� �
� �� � � � � � � �� �� �� � �� �� �! � "#$% � & ' ( ) %* � � +��&, -� . /$%
0 1� ( 2� �34�56 78 ���( 9� � ��� ( � � � 1 . ,�:�; ( ��<( �� 1 ( �� �� = * �� �*>� 9�? �� ,� ��� � �?@� � A��AB� %* �� C D � E � �! �5 ,� ��� �� ��56 FGHIJK C6 L C �� � M��N� 'OP �, < JQG RSI FGHIJ T+( U�V/ � � %* � �P � C <�� U( � 0 & �� �( � +�W X �Y� Z "* Z� "*)%[% ,� � ��
,� � �� \ * ] ^ �C "#� �� � � "_��`abIc.dO %�#$5�e f � g �� , �� , A h� � _ . %�#$%� i. � ] �j � '"�kHl mno p . 2,q Pr� 1( O�� s,� ��� � ���
�� \ . �� 1�t%$ u� vw� * 0 x`(y:� � ,� ��� �� ^\ * � 9 �� �? P�z� �� �{|5?z C Pr� ( � ��$ %� ��56 1 } (~ ��~ �� * 95?z � U � �� � ��� � Pr( ��$ (~ U * �� �56 �$% �?:$ "#� Z� * A < � Pr. 9�� E � �
* �"#$% ! �FGHIJK C � < �E ��56 * � � �� � "#$% JQG RSIK C <� �C ( %$
JQG RSIK C <� "#� �C Z� D ��( �� � �E( %$ �� <. � �� ���W � � �� � <��X � �* ��� #� ,� U* �E � �H ��*��� �� K �C "#� �C ( � �Y#�# 0 # ���� U* � � �� �- �t%$� �� %* ,� ��� � � .� P �* � � U � ��� � �nmkG( ��W �� _ "�� �� � �+ ����� 3 � U ��* U��� ( � � ��P , � %* , �� ,��z� ^ � � �X ��,� ��� ��D GbIc* Z� D�� � � 9�� �{|O < �?:$ ¡X . Z(�. � �? ¢�,� �W X " < ( �W �� _
� £� ¤S. -� ¤G ��¥¦ P � § ¨ Xk(?O ,' ��� �� �� ¤S.l ©&¨ � �� " �� PQGcª�c«�m� ��� � %��$ ¬ � .0�# �� �� � Gb(W �� _�* ( �+ �W X Ic®J«¯°G±� . "OP ���� "� ² ( X ��.,' ��� � , �� ,� ; .DD³> * 1 ��Y� �( %��� ��* � �� A � "�� ´µ 5?zB � 3� X ��$* £ P¢�,�
�B¶ � � �� "#� & � � �? · �? ,�:�� ¸ �� ��� T � ¹� � �� �� U �� �� º � ( %$ � �� � »z� � ^ �C "#�¼ � ©$ 1.½ ,�:����� DD % ( %$ � ��
�� � ���� � � ��
� �� � � � �� �� �� �� �� ��� � � !" # $ % & ' � ( � �� )* +, � -. / 01 2 � �� � �3�3�45 67 �89:;< * �� => ?@A B� * C 67 � �� D E �3�4 � F/ G�HI � J�� KL � M!" N ���/ � � �� � � � OP ��Q R � .��2 S S S T UV�� 2 S ' W� � ( X � Y � Y ZX �[3 ZX \ ] � ^ G�HI ZX Y
_ ` � a� bc �� �KL �-d e � _ f + g �� � ah i� j k * l m
\ B� * n o ��;< p q ar C C � �� � �� s\ �89:;< / � ��� �3�45 � ��
/ !" N tu B� vwtu � * x 5 yy z{ |} ��/ � | D E � ~�� � ����/�� � tu �3�4 y | D � �� UV��
|} �;< � � KL � �� / � � ����� � O . � ��� � � �� ~ � O .�� � _ �
O .�� � � � b� ZX � ��_ �� ��Q i2 Q � �3 � �� UV��X � � [3� �~ 2 � S � �� � S
O� � ( �� ' W 2 � S� � �� �� � S � �� Q b �� �Q �2 S �HQ- M� �� � X � Y
� ZX � �� � v Z 2 S 2 S [X �0> ���� ��P� 3 a� a� bc ��
s �3�4 � � b� �� � � ����� / ��P� � � � �
� �¡�� �� X Y �� � � X � ¢r£¤ £¤ ��� ��P� M¥ ¦( r£¤ ¥ §¨¡ £¤ ZX 5 Y b
©� ª « £ �� Q G�HI ZX¤ X � £¤¬ - X ® ¯ Y� �Q ¨¡ a� bc �� =>F * �4 � b� � M� KL �� Y°\ ± � v bc �� ² ³
�´ G�HI ZX µj ¶ ��· ¸ �3 � � ¬¹ ª | D �� �|} º . _ ZX � �� �� �� ^ y G�� » � * � Y HI _ ¼½ |
��
�
� �
� �
�
�� �
� �
� ��
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�� �
� �
�
� �
�
�� �
�
�
154
a
M
a
M /
GME
S-P S-P
km
km M .
PHS
PHS
a PAC
b a
GME
M
P GME S-P
km
S-P
S
. . S
km S-P km S-P
PHS PAC
a
. E, .
N, km,
km
M
km PAC
. E, .
N M . M . km
M . M PHS PAC
M . a
M .
Katsumata M .
+333 ,***
+23/ +231 ,
/
+, / +0
+23/
+23. +33- +313
0 - .
1 +. +* 1 2
/* /* 0*
1* +323 0 1
+321
+31/ +331 +333
, - +231 +31,
+31/ +23/
+31/
,**+
+233
1
+310
+233
/* +* , 1
1
+311 +*
0 0 1 * /*
1 2* +*
+31,
+31,
+31, +.* */ -/ 0*
+23. 2, +*
+1- 20
10 . 2*
2*
+313 +-3 2 -/ 1
1 , 0 2 2*
1 + -
1 * ,**+ +233
+31+ 1 + +23.
+333 0 0
Ta
ble
,.D
am
ag
ein
the
To
ky
oM
etr
op
oli
tan
ar
ea
du
eto
the
+23.
Me
iji-
To
ky
oe
ar
thq
ua
ke
(fr
om
Ka
ya
no
,+3
23).
Ta
ble
-.D
am
ag
ein
Ka
na
ga
wa
pr
efe
ctu
re
du
eto
the
+23.
Me
iji-
To
ky
oe
ar
thq
ua
ke
(fr
om
Ka
ya
no
,+3
23).
������� �� ��������������
� �155
M 1
� �� � �� �
� �
�� � ��
�
� � � �
� � � � � �� � �
� � �
� � � �� �� � �
� � � � ��
� � �� � �
� � �� � � � � � � � � � � �
� � � �
� �� �
� � � �
� � �� � � � � ��
� �� �� �� � ��
� � � � � � � � �
� � � � � � � � � �
� � ��
� �� �� �� �� � �
� � �� � � � �� �� �
� � �
� �
� � ���� � ������� !" #$� % ����&'��(�) � *+, -./0 � 1��� �����2 3%�0 4
5+ 6 $� % ��7�- -89�:&'% -;� 8/� �8<=�>? @ *+� � � ��
A � �� � BCDE� E<8/� A � � F� �G
H I J �K;:�� L� A �� FM � � �
� BCDE0 � ��� J� � % BCE� D 1 %N.;�
+ L�� M OPQ R�OP 8 � � 8ST�U V �5 �W -. �(;X;N YZ8[ V\]� S E^� 3K
#7� ;� _ ` `ab�cdefgh i jk lm� � FV V � �i n_ `8<=�god pqfjh� � r� s E.t8 FM i j lut � m vM 8<=�
w � Vxy� s l� zi %{K;:�� n_ `8�[ V\]:�� K;:��god pqfh i j l8� n6 6 � | _ } | n_ `)~4 ���E^�� K;�cdefgh i j � i % � ` OPQ8Q K;:�� �lV� �W�8�7: �� �8 � � � M
�� ��7� *+ -. FV � 8<�: V��� �* � zi�� T�� �� ��EC�# % NK; (� 8 � � �
Y � L�� � % T� Q8 li %�L;�$�% 3K;:��T���� L� � K;��1 8� � %N.;�$�V� � � � S M �� 8� �p�od��f-. ���� /� � | )~4 ���� FM� ����� �� ��� �8 l� M �� 8/� � FM m v
% 1��1 V/C �B� 6� � ¡��¢ K.8M w 8$�V£�� /� � ¤ ¥ ¦�� %�� 5$;.�§¨OPV T�� F89�:�©ª + 8� « � ��#�� V� ��OP%��#�� BE ¬� </tM � ®N.;E� (�) � �� K89�:� � -. �� l%iyK;:��¯° � ���� ���� 8 5+ 8/�� , lV��±;���-89�:N&% BCDE0 ) £T² ���³ V£´��OP#�� �� sE^� µ� `¶�K� ¬� T�� � zi -. �� M �� FM.;� *+� ¬8/��$·% B� , ¸ �"
A � m 8/� 8 E^8 ¹� s µ89�:� � 389�: m � � � ��L0 ;: � %���E� Q� �� �� m� � � º ,4 » ¼ s89�:½ ��#�8
�� � � � � �
� � � � � � �� �
� ��� � � �� � � � �
� � �� � � � � �
� !" # $ � � % & � % �
� & � ��'� � ( &� ��� ( )* $ � � � �� +, �' '- ./01 � � 2 3
� � ) � 4 5$ � � 6 789 : ; < = � �> 8 � � ? @
A @ 3 � ?BC � D EFG H 4 ( )* @ � � I )* J
K ��� H L� � M @ � N< O ? @ � � � � �� P � P9 QR* P �( � �S
T ? @ ) � � � U� � V W X � Y 5 ZY��
[ % � )* \ $ ] � M @^'9 C _ � ( 5$ � � JS �9 ` a L� @ � �b
cd T ����9 � +, e � M"f �gh = � )i �9 � P ( )*
�� � a ) � ( )* I Z��� &Pj�k ��� l$ Y m )*� n
o p� q r Ts78 � � Y BC
t u<v e � c w )x T9� � � y BC NO� 4
�9 � � � �gh NO� 9 � 9� �� zv H k{|} � � � c ~ � � M @ [ ) � �P ( )
c � * ����5 & � � � H } �� �
� $ � � _ � � a �� � A $ � �� � ��H �
� ���
�
�
� � �
��
��
��
�� � ��
�
�
�
�
156
Fig. . Focal mechanism of the Meiji-Tokyo
earthquake (from Katsumata et al., ).
S-P
;
;
b
.
b
b
PAC
M .
M .
. E, . N, M .
GME
a, b
, a, b,
S-P . .
km GME
PHS PHS PAC
PHS
FDM PHS PHS
PAC
a
a, b,
c, d, e
PHS PHS PAC PAC
b
S-P , a, a, c
M . ;
a a Omori
. +23.
+333
+333
+33-
,**+ ,**1
+233
0 2 +* 1 +0
+233 +* 1
+* 1
+23/
/
+333 0 1 . +23.
,*** +30. 0 0 +233
,**- +-3 2 -/ 1 1 * 0
+231 +31, +31,
,**/ ,**0 ,**1 ,
/
,**. ,*** ,**- ,**- ,**.
/ 0 1 * ,***
.* /, +23.
,**.
+233 +23.
+23.
+23.
+333 +31/
+300 +32+ +302
/
+333
+23. +32.
+23. +23. +23/
+23. +23/ +231 +23/ +23/
+* 1 0 1 +313
+313 +32. +233 +3**
+31-
, ,
������� �� ��������������
� �� � �� � �� � � � �� �� � �� � � � � � � � �� � ��
� � �� � �� � �� � �� � �� � � � � �
�
!" # $% # &' () *+,-. /012345 45 6789� 89� : !;<=> 45�?@A:��B 45 ! -. 23 CD EF;<=> 0�GH�?@A: /01IJK 0��?@A:LM�8 �NOP /Q��?@A:��B�RSTUVW
� � �
�
157
M
Fig. . Seismic intensity distribution map of earthquake on , Oct.
(from Central Meteorological Observatory, b).
Table . Documents on the Meiji-Tokyo earthquake.
a a, b
a Omori a a
a Omori a, b a
a,
1
/ 1 +23.
+23/
. +23.
+23/ +23/ +23/ +23/ +31, +31,
+233 +3** +3*1 +31/ 1 +231 +233
+233 +3** +31, +31, +31/ +31/
+23. +23/ +231 ,**-
� � � � �
� � � � �
� � � � � �
� �
� �
� � � �
� � �
� � � � �
� � � � �
� �
�
� � � �
� � � �
�� � � � �� � � �
� � � � � �� � � � � � � � � �
� � �� � � � �
� � � � �
� ��
� � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � � � �
� � � �� �� � � � �
� � � � � �� � � � � �
� �
� �� �� � �� ���� ���� � ! �
�" #$�% & �' � (� )
*�� � � +, �- �� . /0 12 34 � 56$� #78�9 7 � & :� 0;�<3=�� �>? @�A B0C2 DE0 &3=F��� ? � GHIJ5 �� 56E��� �&K��LMN DEOPQ R� ��
)S?<� T$AUV?<� �& & �3$A=E�' � % WX=� 0YS?<A=EK & �� �Z [�� \\ = �� ] ^_E`� a�� �� � ?
<E�b ��� � 0 ��6�c <A=3= 56$�F� de 0L�fg �$�F�� (��% h & �i jklH7 Tc�' � m�n �o;� �i j
Z [ � � +, \ p klH7 ��A q ? 5r s=A�tuvw� b xy z�{ � | �� � � } ~ �� =E q Z [ 5 �� & � �� �� �� }� pr��s7 �C � 8�c~= <� ?� � ��� � ��6E �� V� ��& 51EF��� Z [ � 0 ��K �� � � ����0 ��� Z }� pr56$�� � ���[5 13 :0 ��0 �5#y � K� & �� �OPQ � �� � � 3 R � � � Z � ��g� :0 �� � y B� ���<� � :N 3�e �' �
� V� & F� TE��� �YS� : s=A � :&z<Lg 1=�� � : � (� c��b� �' �&=�3=0 � �0C= �2 :� 1�$
& ^Te :�{ s=A | Z ��&Z [� � � ��� �5[ � ��[� : � �� �� ¡ ��y #�3c� :06$� F�L��' ¢ £¤� � ¥� [5& ¡5 : �5 � ^Te¦ 6�§ ) 0 ?<A=E c �¨ 5& �� z� �& ) �� � � �' © ª 5 � � �� [ª« ¬ N% �=9<�& )?<A= ® [� �5# : � |�
3= ^_E ¯ ° ±� � ; c Z [ 5& DT² ³ ´=�z� �, � �µk ¶ ��� ? � 5 DE#� ³�' ' £ · ^ ¸¹º»l � � R� ? �
_E �& �OPQ � � y 5 DE#� ¸¹º»l � s�¼B & �?<A=E K� & B 3 ¼ 0£ ?<A^c ���� ½
�� � � �� � ��
� � ��� �� �� ��
�� �� � ������ � � � � �
!" # $% & '�('� ���� ) �'* + �� ��
�� , -. /012 '� � 34 5�06 ��
78 9: 9: ;� <=
�� � ����
> � ? @0, '� �A B #C
D E ���� ��FG H � I�
'� J� K LBM� N �
O / P -Q �� '� R P
S T ? @0 '� � � 1� - T G , 1U V W 2 '� XYZ �[ \
T G ? @0 12 '� �� ] ^_ 1�('� ` a 12 b T '�[ T '�[ I�� cd; 78 9: b e T ? @0 '� ] ^> f � g _ 1� hi j
? k # ) 12 ( l 3 � 6� f mnf g op �� ? ( 7qr st) 12 u r v '� ) wS �� ����� cd; '� ) 0P) #
x y ) z � { �� ) ` ) #'� ) V W ? ? < � | � }
( ~ ) S e � ( l ) �� �� � � �� � b � �) � �� �� �� � �� 6� #� l �� ��� op�-. {'� �� ( � �� � # � �� � ��� op � ���
'� � J � � [ �) W� ¡ ¢H £ ¤ { ? @�0 � j ¥r ,
� � ( (5 ¦ /§ 12 ¥r¨ �� �© �0'� ª[ 6 , ¦� @� u r v /§ 12 ª[¨ 1
3 �� '� ¡ � � 9
� � � ���
������ �� ����������
��
�
��
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
� � �� � �
� � � � � �
�
158
graph at the Seismological Institute, Hongo, Tokyo (from
Fig. . Seismic waveform of the Meiji-Tokyo earth-
quake observed by Ewing-type strong motion seismo-
Sekiya and Omori, ).
. E, . N
km,
km
c
km
M
c
. E, . N
M . M . .
M . M
GME
km
M . M
.
b ;
. E, . N
M .
c
b
c
G b
.
km PHS
km PAC
. E, . N
M . ;
M . ;
0 +23.
+233
+.* - -0 ,
,* -*
+*
+31/ +23/
+31-
+31/
1 + .
+23/ +31/
+313 +.* . -0 +
2
1 + 1 - 1 .
1 , 3 +. / + ,
+33,
0 +23/ +323 . ,0 0/
/ . 21
+23/ + +2 1 ,
0 +323 +23/
+23/ +31/ 3 +23/
+333 .,
,**- +.* . -0 +
+ -+ . / 0+/ 1 ,
+23/
+23/
+23/
+233 +
+
++ - 2
.* 0*
+3/* +31+ 0* 2*
+.* . -/ 3 ,
1 - +31- +332
+23/ 1 , +313-
- +
�
�
Ta
ble
/.M
ax
imu
ma
mp
litu
de
so
bs
er
ve
dd
ur
ing
the
+23.
Me
iji-
To
ky
oe
ar
thq
ua
ke
(fr
om
Ka
tsu
ma
taet
al.,
+333
;S
eis
mo
log
ya
nd
Vo
lca
no
log
yR
es
ea
rc
hD
ep
ar
tme
nt,
the
Me
teo
ro
log
ica
lR
es
ea
rc
hIn
sti
tute
,,*
**).
������� �� ��������������
� �159
M 1
� �� ���� �� �
� �� � � ��
� � � � � � � �� � � � � � �
� � � � � � ��� � � � �� � � � � � ��
� �� � �� � � � �
� � � � ��� � � � �� � �� � ��� � �� � � �
� � � � � � �� �
� � �� � �� �
� �
�� � � ���� �� ! "�#�$#%&'()*+,- �. */0123�456���789:;<=>?@ABCDE F 5GH��#�IJ�KL'MCNO�PQ*RS:ET 7UVAB:�W � �X � 'YZ[L��K*\E' ]M ^_`a
W >b!BEc 7 �d ef g8E7�b!B]D h: f 7�"�X>i �W gMC Ijklm F Tno�p� 'q!BEc �d 7�rs* �d tuvf >8E wxyzr �{X>"�X']9CDE]��|}> �~`a ^_`a 'Ijkl�W 'b!BE m��O�> �ABCDE h: Ijklm
'Ijklm]!v'�O�)��O�>� ABC' �inop ���'z�E� *� DE ���'�DC �� ���
M ��'� *��E ���# Ijklm � �� Ijklm ^_`a"�# �vrsL~ �����"�#�����. � � 'uE �>8E]�>�ABCDE ¡¢ £�¤ c¥d¦§L~ ¨ �125GH©ª. ���#. �.l>«5¬®¯°±gMCrsL~��²³)' ´7� µ���pzr7¶+�E ·���ABCDE> ¸� � �¶+¹ � º»¼g]9CDE ���½ �
� ��
� �
� � � ��
� � �� � �� ��
� ��
� � � � � �� �� �
� � �� �
� �� �
� � � �
�
�
���
���
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
160
Fig. . Seismic intensity distribution map of the Meiji-Tokyo earthquake by (a) Central Meteorological
Observatory ( a), (b) Omori ( a), (c) Kanbayashi and Katsumata ( ), (d) Hagiwara ( a, b), (e)
Kayano ( a) and (f) Usami ( )
M .
b
c
; H a
c
b
GME c
a
M
, a, b,
1 +23.
+23/ +233 +31/ +31, +31,
+31/ ,**-
,**+ +23/ + +2 1 ,
+31/ +23/
+31/ ,**-
,**- +23/
+31/ +31/ +31/ ,**- 3
+23/ +23/
+23/
1 +23/ +23/
+23/ +23/ +23/
+23/ +230
, .
1
,*** ,**- ,**- ,**. /
- ,
.
Ta
ble
0.P
re
vio
us
stu
die
so
nh
yp
oc
en
tra
llo
ca
tio
n,
foc
al
me
ch
an
ism
an
dm
ag
nit
ud
eo
fth
e+2
3/Ib
ar
ak
i-k
en
Na
nb
ue
ar
thq
ua
ke
.
������� �� ��������������
� �161
M 1
� �
���� �� � �� ����
� �� � � �
� � � � ��
� � � � �
� �
������ !�"#$%&'()*+,-./ ! 01�23456789: !� %;<=>�"#$?@)AB� CDE *+F GHI��,- !<#JKILB�<M N:O)PK�%&'()QRS$ ?@FK�=>MTUKT< V-WXIL- �M�YZT [S\ ]^_ !Z `ab<cdeI��,- ! 0 fgh !Yij��kl�����mn !�"#$1�23456789: ! GHI��,- o p<!q<rFEs YtuZLv wx
�
� �
� ��
� � �
162
Fig. . Hypocentral distribution in southwestern Ibaraki prefecture from the unified JMA
catalog (Oct. May , hypocentral depth km, M . ).
PAC PAC
PHS
PHS a ;
2
+331 ,**2 +** + /
,
+2//
+31,
������� �� ��������������
� � � �� � �� � �
� �
� �
!" #$ %& '( )* ���+,���-./012 ��3�456�7%& 8* 9 :;<=> ?@ A �������BC DE��FG���
DE/HI�J���K�L0 M NOPQRB 3�FSTUVWXY Z[ \]^_�`aWb�
��
163
M
Table . Documents on the Ibaraki-ken Nanbu earthquake.
Fig. . Seismic intensity distribution map of the Ibaraki-ken Nanbu earthquake by
(a) Central Meteorological Observatory ( c), (b) Ishibashi ( ), (c) Kanbayashi and
Katsumata ( ) and (d) Usami ( )
; ; ; ;
Bakun, ; ;
1
1 +23/
3 +23/
+23/ +31/
+31/ ,**-
+310 +32* ,**+ ,**-
,**/ ,**0 ,**1
/
� ��
�� �
�� �
� � � �� � �
� � ��� � �
� � �� � �
� � � �� � �
� �� � � � �� �
� � � ��
� �� � �
� ��� �
� ��
�� �
�� �
� �� � �
� ��
� � � ��� �
��
�� � �
� ��
� �� � �
� � � � �� � �� � � � �
�� � � � � � �� � �
� � ��� � � � �� � �� � � �� � � � �� � ���� � � � �� � � � ���� � � ��
� � � �� � � �
� � � �� � � ��
�� �
�
� � � � � � � ������ ������ !"#$ %& ' & (
� � ) �* � � %& ' & (
� � + () � � �*
� � , - .� �* �� � ) %
/ ) � � 01 � &&
/ )� 2 3%4 5 6 "78$ 9: �
4 :; < "
)= >? @� A 1 %&&
; B� C �D9� * 9� %& (' &
E F��"GHI� � � �JK � %& ' & (
E 3 LM NO PQ�!1 "GHI� � � �������� �
R %& S1 "TU "V8$ W � X�
� Y �" Z; )" 2= [? B� ��J � \ ) &] ) . "1^$_` a� W b"1^$ � 1 cd? e " ^$fg_`�F���h i � jk T� 7#l
i m _`
n � o ) %"78$ : plqr 9� � "@sZ ) % _` t_`
u%t _` v jk T� n � o ) %"78$qr 9�&& C ) % _` t _`
% v ) T� %n � o ) %"78$qr 9�
% v �* % C ) % _` t _`w &] . &x y�z!PP{�| v n � o ) %"78$}�~!P
9� C ) % _` t _`w5 v �� w5
��& � W 2 ���?w5 v �� � �
��& � W 2 ���?w5 v �� � �
��& ����s� W � B �w5 Lv �� �
� � )� 2 � 7#la�w5 v �� w5 � � ) &] ) .
"1^$ _` a� W b"1^$w5 "78$7�� �K
w5
��
��
�� �
��
� ��
�� �
� �
�
�
� �
��� i m = I �1 � <" d?
�W �^$ B= ^$?�"� 0 1#� �1 � D � c�$
� ) % %� %X _`�!�� _` � � � � "#� "���? 5 �� "� 5
� / ��l" ¡C �¢~£¤�¥{¦§z¨! ©"@sZ ª= >Zs?«s? _` �� C "@sZ� o t�"¬ s?«s? u% �) "#$ 2 � " ®dZ
s?«¯ ° �±²=s?«s? � "�L0�5 �³�¤P= �´Zs?«s? �"�
= s? µµ"CdZ¶ d ·$ �7 _`� . ¸
|¤¹º£� - c�|���� »F{ � "78$ ¼½ ��� B �� �"1^$ _` �LX�
dZ ��?
�� � ���� � � �
� � � �� �� � ���� ��� �� � ��
�� ! "#� � $%&' (� ) � �* ���+ � , � �� �� ! "
#� � (� ) $%&' �( ' ! -�* �� � , �+ .��
� � / 0 12 3 �� �+ �� �� �* �� � 45
6 7 � �* �� � �� ��� *�� ���� �� 8 9
6 7 * : �� �;< = > ? �� @ A ��
< = �� @. ��BC� D B � EF3 � �* G �� � H �IJ "#BC� EF3 � � K �� > L
MN�� � �� !"# ��
B&O �� �� �� �P QR � �� �� ! "#B&O S T �
� �� �� � ��+ QR� U VW X#
Y� Z *[ � �� + \ �] ^ > _ ��
� `� * : � a �� �P b c * 2 d * 3 �� e
f �� +g ���� � ���� � � � h * ij �� k l#� m hn �� � opq ��
�r * �� �� s 9
B t ' * �� @u�� v � * �� sw 9x
d w s � � opq � B t ' * u��� �� 8 9 �� > y 9 * �� s w 9x
� 45 z�* { � � 45B t ' * u��
� 45 |}� � � 45 �� > y 9 * �� s w 9x( d 123 ��k~� ef y
�� �� � � 9 B t ' * u�x� � .�� > * �� s w 9x
( >� �|� �� {� ( >��9y � � ��ef � �� + : �� �
( >� �|� �� {� �z��� � ���9x ��ef � �� + : �� �
( >� | �� }�E|� �z���� � �� ���9x ��ef � �� + � �
( >� |}� |�{|}�� � �� �z}���9x � � D * : �� A �
( >� �|� �� {� ( >�� ����q�� F �� * 2 d * 3 �9y�n��0n � � ef �� +g �
( >� � �� A �( >����9
�� �r * �� � ��� a *�� ij] � ij �
� i � @ �*�� ] *�� ��
" * �9 �I d�9�� s � � � f� �
� >��� 8�9 B¡.¢>�£ �� ¤ ��¥
¦ § ��� ss= �� > '
w¨ ©ª « ¬ s=� �* �� : ®¯ °a±¢ ²
³ � ���>�� ´ �
¦�µ¶ F
�� �� 123 �� dd�� 12 ·� VWef � ¸¹ º VUº ��� � � »� ef¼½
�
��
�� �
�� �
�� �
� ��
� �
�� � �
� �
� � ��
�
� � �
�
� �� �
� ��
�
� � �
� �� �
� � �� �� �
� ��
� �� ��
� �
� ��
��
! �� " #
� �
� �
� �
� � �
� �
�$
� �%
�
&
&� �
�
����
� �
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�� �
�
��
�
�
��
�� �
�
�
� � �
� �
� � �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
164
Edo earthquake, , B , doi : . /
Bakun, W.H., , Magnitude and location of historical earth-
:
B .
B .
.
.
a,
.
b, .
.
suppl. .
F .
GME CMO
B .
D .
.
.
.
Abe, K., , Seismic displacement and ground motion near M
a fault : The Saitama earthquake of September , ,
, .
.
quakes in Japan and implications for the Ansei
JB . .
a,
.
.
. b,
.
.
pp.
.
.
a, pp.
.
b, pp.
.
c, pp.
.
.
.
. Katsumata A., , Attenuation function of displacement
The Generic Mapping Tools GMT : Wessel
and Smith,
J. Geophys. Res.,
J. Geophys. Res.,
*,-*. +* +*,3
,**/
,**- +2//
,**- */,
,**/ +23.
,**/
*31 +*-
,**0
0.
,**1
.-+ ./*
+31, ,1 ,
+0 ,1 -+
+31, 0 ++
+300
, ,20 -*/
+32+ , 1- 3,
+33- +23. ,1
, +33-
,+ *1 ,,*
+33,
+33, 0/ +0-
,**0
,**0
**0
,**+
+2//
0- 1*
+3,3
. +0
+31/
- +-, +-0
,**3+31. 1 +3,+
,+ +3-+ +3,,.-3- .-33 +321 +2-
,+,+2// ,***
,**. **--,3 12 3.+33, +33, , , ,**-
++, +,* ++23. -/1 -+ //
-/3 ,**-+23/ /0 ,
,**. +, /0 ++*+0 ++ +1 ,**.
,0
+23. /2 10, -2 .1 +331
+23/ -3+-2 .1 +333+23/ -3/
.3 /+ ,**.+23/ -+
-* -2 +31/+231
+23. -2 .1 -+3/* +22/ /- +*-
+3/* +3/* 33 +2. +333
+321 .
+3,- -*
+1*-
+23.
+33+
,+
++*
,+
++0
1
2
+3
-.
/.0
+
13 2.
0
.2 30
1 3
+*
� ��� � ��
� � �� � � � � � ��
� � ��� � � �
� � � � � � ��� � � � � ��
� � � � �� � � �
� � � � �� � �
� � � � ���
� ��� �� � �� � � �� � � � � � � � � ��
� � � � � � � �� � � �
� �� � � � � � ��
� � �� � � � � ��� � � � � � ��
� � �� � � � ��� � �
� � �� � � �� � �
� � �� � � ��
� � �� ��
� � �� � � � � � �� � � �
� � � � �� � ��� � �
� � � � �� � �
� � �� � � � � � �
� �� � � � �
� � �� � �
� �� �
� � �� � � � �
� � � � � �
� �
� � �� �
� � �� � � � �
� � � � �� �� � �� � �
� ���
� � � � �����������
��� �� � � � !"#$% & % &
' ( � ) *+ , �� -./0����123 ��� �� � � � !"#$
% & % &' 425 6�7 89:;�<� => *+ �� ?� � @A B CD ��� �� E � � � F 2 � GHI�J � !"#$ % & % &
K J@ 5 L M NF OPJ � Q� �P R:S T M N�U �� V W X N K J ?� Y Z% [ \]^
_ J ) � L�123 ) `�\abc^dR:S ef�`� ;g; )T h ) E ��� M�� �� � ��Y i���j
_ J ) ���) T h ) E ��� M�� ��Y i���j * kl m E� �� ��neop
_ J q� r @ � !" s) t � uv�wx * kl E � @A BCD
� @ 5 �y @ z5 {| } ~�
� �r �L M N � ��y ) E T L ��
� J �5 �� �� � � y 5 � N ��W � � � � �
y @ )� z MW � � � � � T M N
y z q }�x M T MW � � � � � N
W � � � � �
W � � � � � y r � L ��y )�3�� �� 5 �5 67
W � � ) � �� ��� W ��18� �
W �� [ �� ?�Rp�V �7 � }���f��� Y ����� W �� X N
� � J � ) � �W @ z5 W �� ��� N
d ?���`}��� J��x� � � ) � �� � E� � 0�}�� T��X
� � �� N @ 5�
� @ �� N �
¡¢ � �£¤}¥��¦��§ � y @ )�¨ ��©� �� N �� z 67 T M NJ J ª « ¬ ª
« ?� ®¯ % °?��<�±²³ ´ µ¶ � - ·�
¸ �¹ ) ºT L� M N T M N
� T��X*+ , � ��� m E» ��¼ �� ��
�� � � � !"#$ % & ¼½ �32��8 �% &
*+ , �
� �
� � �� �� �
�� �� � � � � �
� ��� ��� ���� �� � �� � !� "#$% & ' ()% ���*+ � �� �� �� � � �
� �� ��� � , �� � !� "#$% & ' -� . ���*
� �� �� /0 � �� � * �* �� � ��1 2 �� 34 �� � � �
5 67 ��89:+ 9:� �; < =�1 > �? @ �� A � BC< =�? D? � EF �= 5 G �� �� * �� -5 H �� +� �� ; � I JKL M �C � � �� < �� � �� NO=*P Q
5 H �� +� �� RS TURS� IC � � �� <�� *P Q � VI � �� �� �
5 H ��W X�� �� + � B �� Y �� �� � � �� �� Z[0 �
�\] ^ 89� �_`a �\]�&b �+^ 89� � cd� e
�\] f X BCg< = �\] �L \]�&b � h � ; i �L \]
�\] jk � �\]�\] �� l�� m �\] �&b \= �_`a �� m= �LEF mn�� �� m opq m r= \]
�&b ��89s+^ 89�� � < �EF mn�� �� m opq m r= BC< =
�&b �� t u* < � BC<EF mn�� �� m opq m r= =
EF mn�� �� m opq m r=
EF mn�� �� m opq m r= �&b X � �L \]�&b � � � � ,a
EF mn�� � v ��RS + �L \]+ �w x y5�3 Ez ��r{ ��E N�� - n � �� |} _ , ~�4x������ *Bm E N �=
�[) �� + � �� �.RSE] ^ 89� � � E] � �� = �
�"�� � � � ���� �� + � ��n ��� ��m � �� �� �� C �� ��B��� =
� � �� l= ^ 89� �_`a ��\]
�� ��89s+^ 89� 8r898���� m= �� \]
�� �?�� �� �� �&b ��89s+^ 89�� ��� n = �� �� ,a � BC< =
W� ¡"¢ " � �£¤ ¥¦§ ¨©ª� «¬ �� �¤ � ®� + � �� � 2 ¯° q±��
W�²JH ³´²µ ¶-� ·5 � ¸� ; �g< = � BC< =
� !� ��� �* C �� !� & ' ()% ���* �� ¹5º� VI � �� 0 » �¼ �� � � � � [ � \]�
� !� "#$% & ' ()% ���*
� �
��
��
�� �
�
��
� ��
�� �
��
� ��
��
��
��
� �
�� �
� �
� �
�
� �
� �
��
�� � �
��
� � � � �
� � �
�� �
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � �� �
� � �
� �
� � �
165
Destructive Earthquake of June,
M
amplitude for magnitude calculation,
, . .
b,
. .
No. .
Magnitude .
.
.
.
a,
.
. Okada, Y. and K. Kasahara, , Earthquake of , o
b, Chiba, central Japan and possible triggering of eastern
Tokyo earthquake of , , .
.
A
.
a, .
. a,
b, .
. b,
a, . .
b, . c,
a, .
. a,
b, .
. b,
c, .
. Omori F., , Note on the Tokyo Earthquake of June th
d, ,
. , .
e, .
.
.
pp.
No.
.
pp.
E .
.
. .
Matsu’ura, M., T. Iwasaki, Y. Suzuki and R. Sato, , Stat-
ical and Dynamical Study on Faulting Mechanism of .
the Kanto Earthquake,
, . .
. .
Sekiya S. and F. Omori., , The Diagram of the Semi-
, ( ).
. Sekiya S. and F. Omori., , The Diagram of the Semi-
destructive Earthquake of June th (Tokyo),
.
. , .
.
. Shimazaki K., , Unusually low seismic activity in the
a, focal region of the great Kanto earthquake of .
J. Coll. of Sci. Imp. Univ.
Papers in Meteor-ology and Geophysics,
Tectonophysics,
Publications of the Earthquake Investigation Com-mittee in foreign language,
Journal of Physics of theEarth,
Tokyo,
Pub-lications of the Earthquake Investigation Committee inforeign language,
Tec-
1
.
+ +. .3 -2/ -20
+333 +31.
+23. , 2+ /
23 .3 -21 -22
,**+ +310
0+ 03 0
+30. /+ ../ ..0
, +/2 +0/ +23/
+31+ -3 ..
-3 .+ +332
+31/ ,1
- 1- +*-
+,- +-+ +33* +321 #
+31/ ,1
+322 -/+ -0.
- -+1 +33,
+323 ,1 +23. 0 03 03
,* -* -1 ,**+
+23. ,.3 3. +*.
,/+ +23.
+23. -13 -2,
-*0 -*2 +23.
+23/ .1 .2 -2, -2/
+23/ .2 .3 +23.
+302 , -2/ -22
12 2- +233
+302 - 1+ 12
+++ ++3 +233
+302 . -1 ./
+-3 +.3 +3** ,*
+302 / +23.
+13 +2/ ,/ -/
+302 0 +3*1 ,0+
,*, ,*2 +3,,
+31+ +22/ +31* , /
+0- ,**.
,***
,
+/0 ,**. +23.
+23. -,/ 3 +3
-,0 +32*
+31, ,1
,/ ,0 + 1
+32* +23.
/-+ /-.
+3,- +23.
++3 +.- /*+ /*-
+303 +233
+02 +10 31 33
+23/
,**1
+2// ,23 ,3, +
+*+ +*1 +3**
+23/ ,* +23.
+- 3*
+31. , - -/ -2 +
+31- ,**1
, .2 -1* -13
00+ 00, +31+
+31. +3,-
/*
/,
-.
+1
1
10
1-
+1,
,
2 -.
2
2 +/. ++
+/.
3 ++
3
+/. ++
-.
,2
-.
,3
-.
-. .
,.
-.
-3 .23
+0
.*
+- ,1
.+
1
+
,2 +
. ,2
1
,,
.
,0 .
++0
� �� � � � �
� � �� � � � �
� � � �� � � � � � � ��
� � � � �� �
� � � � �� �
� � � � � � �� �� �
� � � �� � � � � �
� � �� � �
� � � �� � �� � �� � � � � �
� � � �� � � � � �
� �� � ��� �
�� ��� ���� �� �
� ������� !" #�$%#& �� !" '�( )*# +,-#��./0+12 )*3 4#� 56 7
�� !" #�$%#& �� !" '�( 89 :;<=>?@#�+ ! *A43 B#�CDE
�� !" *A�FGH IJKL '�( M8N O PF#�QRS C 6+ T+*APF#�+#�U *A4BVN"#�B"WX Y7
RS C *A#� � 6 Z +[\ ] #�B"WX Y7
^ 4_ �`ab*A c��PFde IJKL 'fg� 6+O +#�h� ij+kl mnB" #�boPF#�+p ! *A4B#�CDE
q r stuv *A w#�PFx ! 3�� !" 3 'fg� #�h�Qy *A4BVN"
�q *A:z{<|}#�+~�#�U +��6O IJB"4"B�WX��7 �m �
*A B�KL Z�O����e *A B� � �� ����KL ���� �vu�6�Zu�O*A��PFn�
� �������� ¡ ¢�F 3 ! 3 �� !" 3�� !" 3 =£¤¥ v q r *A w#�PF¦§
� ¨©ª ���� �Z+*A#� 3 «¬ !® �� !" 3IJKL
f¯I� )*# +#�h� °�#�h�±²³´µ¶ ·¸¹º »¼ )*# +#�´#½
� �
� �
��� �� �� � �
� �� �� �� � �
���� � �
��
� ��
� �� ��
� � � � ��� �
� ��
�� � �� ��
� � � � � � � �� ��� � �! � � �
� � ! � �� �
" �#$ % �
� �
� �
� �� �
�
�
��
��
��
��
� � �
� �
�
� �� �
�
166
, . .
a,
. .
b,
. .
c, .
pp.
. Utsu T., , Space-time pattern of large earthquakes oc-
curring o the Pacific coast of the Japanese islands,
. , .
M
.
. pp.
Tanabe S., B. Mano, , Cheminees d’usine ayant sou ert Wessel, P. and W.H.F. Smith, , Free software helps map
des secousses de tremblement, and display data, , .
,
. B-
.
.
.
.
.
. (Received October , )
(Accepted January , )
tonophysics,
Journal of Physics of the Earth,
Publications of the Earth- EOS Trans. AGU,quake Investigation Committee in foreign language,
-*/ -+, ,,1 ,.3
+23/ +31-
+., +1+ /* + +,
+23/ +310
3/ ++- ,*3 ,-*
+23/ ,-/ ,01 ,**- .+0 ,**+
+310 +23. 3/ , 0*/
+,1 +31.
+311 ,1 0 #
+.. -,/ -.,
+23. ++* +313 +22/ +3,/ 0
+23/ ,/- -*2
3+ +333 210
+3** # +33+
..+
21 ,**.
22 ,**. ,
+23. /0/ /00
,1 ,03 +23/
+23/ ./ .1
-+ -2 +23/
+230 + +-
-0 /* -* ,**3
+31. . ,*+*
++
-
. /+
3
,
+ ,,
/.
.
1,
-
-
1
1
/
+*
� � �� � � ��� �������
� � �� �
� � � ��
� � �� � � ��� � � �� � � � �� �
� � �� �
� �� � �
� �� � � �� �
� � �� � �� �
� � �� � � �
� � �� � � �
�� �
� � �� �
� �� � �
� � �� �
� ���
� � �� � � � � �
� � �� � � �
� �� � �
� �
� � �! " # $ �% &� '( �%) *+,- .�� �/ � � 01 23 � � 4� 5�62/ 7 8/� � �9: � 7 ;<���%=, 4�>,� ?@ � A �BC� D �E C F GH FIJKL�MNOP� �(
�? 4�QG� � � A ��R( S?2>,�%� � ?-1 �#GT # � U�( &� VWNX �6
� 4YH C� �0 �1�( A �% 2/ 1�S( Z�[�) \ WN) ]2� �% BC� D ( � ^ $ �4�7 _ `� a��$ B(?S L� 1 �#S(?GT��b � C� �([cG� C� $d ;Y��e�%f? g7 H?GT�4�(h�i2�% 4�4�( G?) j ?k8$�?2�(lmn ( 2 ?2�2,op7q� �&�0 ?2>,r$ 4Y(sHS $ ?GT���(?
�\p� S�# $tf 2/ �4�$ S Ua�>,� � f;� u/ v$ GT2 Xw1sHS $0 �O\p�%T/ ��b� � ( � �?GT�4�$.� A �>,? f? � U� x�%=, � S� $ �(c%Yy BU Z( r�2 ( �?2�z �{m \ E7 u�$ �| (}HYcm (� ~� �� ��/2�BC� ���d ;Y� D� �6� BC� ( '� WN '�� n
( � �?-� �62/01 f �� ���1d ;Y�$ 4YH� ?d 7S &� �0 � ( � �GH �� ��y �L) k��( ����(?S '� ��f X2 � � ��� �( X GH '�( �X L���HY
��� ���6� �#;� � &� k �( �� L�( � � � ?6 ���� ( �%T� � � �(�6� �6>& � �%T� L� A " �%) ! WN9: (&Y�Y����� � ?-�6� �Q� � �%T�
�%) 9: �! � V �6�1�> 4�>,� BC� D (! 9: �)( ��GT� D� �62/1 �?- >) k $ f2 �L) �¡ $ fGT�6� (�S &�0 � (5 � � ��1�[Hc &� V�6� $¢�4YH��%T� >)1�GT��( &� v$ GT�4�$£( ¤ �¥� �>) D X� g .x�%=, �L) O �6��7 ���$ ¦ � ( D>)1§¨�S & � N�0 � ( vGH�© �Y>)1 �ª )�«�O �S?)¬ � g �1��% &��b v$ GT�4�$.x(}HY?2 D>) � � � ® �%�{mHY¯ X�6� ( �#S � ® ¯� £$" E°���4= ! 9: � ��( D� )� � �% J ( 2cY1 �±²X2�4=� v$%)³?-� (2SHG�2 L� D>)1 &� ; �L) v�� �e?< � ;
�( (] �´µ� my ¶�6� ( ( 5 GH �%��� v$ 2 ²(�>)1 ��2 &� V�6� � #; ( �%$ &4�01·�GT� � �L) V�e?�uf GH¸ � Y�¹T/© �º�» �µ �
�(¼ X >) D7½/ D � �MNO v$ 2 ²( V�6� � #; (�S
� � �� �� �
� ��� � �� � � �� ����� � ���� � � � �� � �� �� ���� � �� �� �� !" # � � $�� � �� �% �& �'(
) � � $� *+ ,� � �-�� ./ � 0�� �� � 1
�� 0 � $�� 2� 2 3� �4���� � �� 50 6 �� � 7 8�4 ./ ./ �� 2 3� 9
0 : ; < =�� > ? @ A 3� @? 2? � B �� ? �� 0 C � D
���� ? 3� 0%E �F G� $�� ���� 0 �H �� ���� I ? 3� ��
2 5 0�� �� J4 K AL /�M N O P
�� 9 � Q �4 �� ��� RS T��U� � DV �� 0 9 9 AL 9�4 0 WX YZ[\ K ] ! ./ ���^ _ �� C `a 1 T�� 0 1���� " �4 ! b � c d c
E E �� ��� � d ���� � b ce �4 E � f ��� �� c$�� g �4 �hX c
�� ��� � � � �� � ��./ � i � � ! Mj 0 �� & 0�4 0 WX k E � �4
hX �� � D� lmK no � p ; O qrf s tuZi �K v �X � 4 wxy 0 WX � z {C<� |} � L ; � D
� � ~ � � e Vp �X ./ A � e V � �� � �X � DV} �X �hX � i �� �F �� � �4 � D � i� � DT �4 7 < � �X � c c � � �� @ � �4 50�4 � � � z z W @� � 1 � � � T% � D � � �4
� � � � � ��� �� ��������������� �� ��� �� !"
�
� � �
��
� �� � ��
�
167
M
mm
km,
. km
A a
Appendix A. Strong earthquake and its aftershocks of , June
(from Omori, ).
1
,, 1 ,2
,. +* ,2 +,
3 ,0 3 1
,1 - ,, 0
,0 0 +-
,1 + +*
0
+/,
+ +***
+23+ - 1* 2* ,1/ -+. +
+ , + - 3,1 +-*
+* + ./
.*
,
, +
,
-
+ .
+23.
,* +23.+23.
� � ���� � �
� � � � � �
� �� �
� �
� �� � �
�� �
� � ��
� � � �
� � �� �
�
� � �� �
� � �� � � �
�
� � � � � �� �
� � � � �
� �� � � � �� �
� � � �
� � � � �
� �� � � �� � � � �
� � � � � �
� �
�������� ������ !"#$%&�'( � �� ) � *+, '! -.� ��/# � 0������ 12� 34�5�'0 6���, �78 ' ) �9 ���4�: ;<� ��=>�� 0�� <� �?. 4�: 78 @A B' A���� �@�� CD E:F�G& HI J �� �(! '0 ) �%&� <� �?���,K ! L�=>�$ M NO�( PQ�RS'(��! �=>�$� � T:D>@U'(! V0� -W�@UD ' ;<� �0X0A Y� �RZ[?\]�>D>: ;<� ���^0-.�_ ? ��: 6��Y�$�RS: � 4�$�1��/#�@A$`a -b'(c de'C!U� ;<� ��=S!� fg0 ' � a�<Y0��(!>06�, '0 >: 6h� 0Da i �� fg0 �� Cj12� k !
��� 12�9 ��� ! � ?lm!1 $�'(! ��� fg0 J'$ (Ano ��p>�0no Nq r p�A� s ��� fg0 s tu v �sw'��/x '0 ) yb f�� ,a'(���1 Q'(! �� z �{|$yb f�'� g' <� �?. 4� 4 }' p�A~ �z 0 <'��0 �6� �
�4 @A B' �� �(!no �'0 ��& ��� � ��< ���$ �'0Q g'%&�� <� �?PQ�RS'(�� Da hG� � X< ��6� �p>�0no �0 ) y- f ��h� b ��� Q! '(!
�O��� !�) ) � J O ��� �0 � � ���� �0+���: O0 6����� ����>�$�'(A �� 4���� �4� 6���0 ������ � ¡D$�'(! ¢ � � �£� !D¤4� �4�¥'
¦� (!¦ ¦� Y0 �'(A �� �¥' r 6����§ � �0 :¨�? >
'0 �$>D��� `©ª:~ ' � «>'¬ :¦4��]'(!®ª� �'(! �. ��U¯ �0¢ � � §+��� �0 � � ° ���� �0 §+0 '(A 6�U¯ 0r±²�� �³A����¦ 4� 6���0 �� '(! xª:~ ' '(! «0`©ª'���� � �§+ � � ´ µ¶+t '(! 6�U¯� 0Da � � +D¤� �:¦ �·¸'(! � + ²¹ + ²¹¨� ¨�? ��¥0 �'(A 6�U¯ � �� '(! 64� �� �U¯ ��-
�]:r '(! `©ª:~ ' �'(! «0¬ �¹ jG�$�: '(!®ª' �'(! �. ��U¯ �0¢ � � §+� Y0 '(A �� '(��� �0 � � ���� �0 � ! `©ª:~ ' '(! «0 xª' '(£� �Kº4� �4� 6���0 ����� ! 6�U¯� + � � + ²� � � ´ µ¶�+t� �X ±² ¹�� + ²¹���� �³A� �4�¥'(! + ²¹�� '(!»� »�? ��¥0 �' 6�U¯ �: §+� Y0 '(A 6�U¯
r '(! `©ª:~ ' � «>'J¼ª' 0r '(! ¼ª:~ ' '(! ���'(! �. ��U¯ �0±²�� �³A ½ ª:~7' '(! � �]�p>� h���� �0 �£� D �Kº4��� �U¯ � + ²¹��
� � � � ��
� � � �� � � � � � �
� � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � �� � �
� ! "#$%� � � &' � ( �
� ) �* +� � ,
� - �. / "� � ( 0 - � � 1� � � 23� - � ��� � 4 56� 7 8� - 7 8 9
� � : � : - ;� � � � � - < �=
56� � � � � >? @AB @ C: � � >? @A @ D
�� � � � � E FG
� � H I J K L MN OP Q R S J N
T N UV @A S
W < % % XY I ! Z S Z(
T NJ K L MN <[ <[ \ \ %
] ^ J ( \ \J K J K _ ` K J K a \ `b
bc N ^ K a \ : \ dKa \ :S \ \
% ( e \T N f[ f[ W \ < %
J K L MN UV ( \ \> S J Ka \ J K a \ :`bc J K _ N \ `bKa \ : \ d] S Ka \ : \
S gh gh W \% ( \ % � ( \
] i \ %UV j > \ Ka \ : \ J
� � � � � ��� �� ���� �� ��� �����
� � �
�
�
��
�
� � � �
�
� � �
168
km
B b
Appendix B. Table of damage in the Tokyo Metropolitan area
(from Omori, b).
,1 + +*
- +
-00 /
+ +1
+* -3
. /
+ , +,
-*
,0 3 1 3 +*
3 - ++1 +
1
- 0
,0 3 1 , .0
0 ,* +.
+
,. + +
+ 2
/ ,. 0 ,
0 , ,, -
0 /
+
+ , , +1 ,
-. + + ,, ,*
+* 3
2 -. +- 02
3 + -. /
+ + ,
. ++ , +,
-- , 0
+,- 1 .3,, 3,1
,3 ,. 2.3
+,- ,2 3-
,, ,+ .3,, -. , ,*
+23.
+23.
� � ��� ���� �����������
� � � �� � � � � � �
� ��� �� � � � �
� � � � � � �� � � � �
� � � � � � �� � � � � �� �� � � � �� �� � � �
� � � � �� � � � � �� � � � �� �
� � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� �� � � �
� �� � �� � � � �� �� �
� � � � � �� �� � �
� �� � � �
� �� � �
� � �� �
� �� � �
� ��
� � � �� �
� �� � �
� � � � � �� �
� �
! " #$%& '(! " ��)*+ ,�-./ 0�1 / 2 /#$%& ! " #$% 3 2 / 2 /32 / 2 /
& �4 25.61 7�8 %&9:;�7<=> ?�@�A�/ �4
BC D!E �A�/:F �4+ ,�GH + -.� �GH / 2 / 2/I �4 J� �GH / 2 / / 2 /32 /3 2 / 22 / 2 / 25.61 7� *�K / 2 /3 5.61 7��A�/:F � ,�GH /I �4 L MN O P
J� �GH / 2 / 2 / 0 :QR/ S T S32 / 2 /3 25.61 7� / T/ �4+ ,�GH S
C D!E �A�/:F �4+ ,�GH T/I U� J�:QR� ��1 V!�A/I �4 J� �GH / 2 �/ S T !�A�/ S T '!�A
/ 2 / 2 /32 / 2 / �/ S T !�A�/ S T�46�3 2 / 2 /3 25.61 7� * L :F/ WE�4+ ,�GH WE/I�K �A�/:F �4+ ,�GH /I �4 :QR/ S T�4+ I �A�/ S��4 J� �GH / 2 /32 4 X�B1V!�4 / 2 / 2 /3 2 / 2 M*�/VY Z :F/ WE�4+ ,�GH/3 2 / 25.61 7� WE/I �4 :QR/ S T�4+ ,�[ C D!E �A�/:F �4+ ,� GH S T?I �A��4
GH /I �4 J� �GH /= O Z I \]1 WE4 �^�> ?�@��)*+ ,�-./ 0�1 QR/ S�4 /3 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 P _ 0 ` \]1a_ WE _ W/ 2 /325.61 7� E�46�*�K �A�/:F � ,�GHI / b J�-.� �> cde ?Ffg ����4 J� �GH /=> ?�@ ? ]h7Aij �A��4 ��k �
l mn / opqg ,7%r�F S\]1� /�s �n t�� u v �l �wx1]�J� y� ?4 zo�� mn/ {� |p}�}~����7�l ;�� �7< ���S/ -)�4 ;?� ����A��4+ ���� 9t�1 ��� �] }\]1J��G��B�l� ? �7 u v �l�]1 |p}�}��/J7?���4 �� 3 �/]*�.�1 ~�� �/%���\+�4 ���7�J�? ]A��4 �]GJ�� �n/ {��
� ��� � �&� �71] ? � ����/� u � p}\]1��¡¢& � .� *� X�&� / *� ���9£��1% �p��4+ f R ¤@9JJ¥¦�� §� |p}�}~� �¨� J���.6�p��4 %� }�}~��p� © ª �p«¬/ J�n.����7 \]1����® 9¥¦� �A��4 �� �� ¯° � ¨±²³´�µ¶y n�/ � .� � �S·¸� P ¹ �/�� .�w*+ S?º7 ? l;?»�9wx��q/�� / ?����? ¼½ ��+�pP
� � �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
� � � �
� � � � � � � ��� � �� � �� � ��� � �� � �� � �
� � ��� � � � � � �
� � � �� � � �� � �� � �� � � � ��� �
� � � � � �� � � �� � �� � � � �� �� �
� � � � �� � �� � � � �
�� � � � � � ! "
# $ % &' ( ) * + ,- . /0# 1 2 ,- %
- - 3� 2 4 ) * + 1
5 36
% � 2 & ) * �� % - % 7 8 *
9 1 3 - - 0
� 8 % � % % �- - ,- %
- - ,- : �-
� � � � � � � ��� �� ����������� �� ��� ����
� �
169
M
. m,
. m, . m
C c
Appendix C. Record of seismic waveform and report of seismological data
(from Omori, c).
1
3, , +1- 2+/ +* 2
, ,,/2 331 , 1 - - ,
/--
- ./-
1 -10 +*2 1* 00
- 1 - , 00 -2 ++
+ + +* 1
-. +- .
-. +/ 1 1 +//2 + ,2-/ 3 +
. + + 2, + * -*- 1/ /
/.
0 /. ,* +, +-0 + 2+0 .
0 / / - ./- + +/, +
, + - +
,*3 . ,* + ,
,*3 1* /*
.. -* 1 - 1+
- , +2 +0- /
++* +2 +
-/ ++* 1+ /
,. +.**
0 . - + + 0
+
.+/ 3*
.+/ -2,
,1 0 ,*
+*
,1 0 ,*
++2 + +-
,/ ,,
, .* +*
, - +*
1-
+23.
+23.
�����
� � ��
� �� �
� �� �
� � �� � �
��
� � �� �� �
�� � �
�� � � �
��
��
�� �
� � � � ��
� � � �� � �� � � �� �
� � � � � �� � �� � � � � � �
� � � � � � �� � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � �
� � � �� �
� � �� � � � � �
� �
������ �� �� !" #$ �% � &'! �$ ! ()*+, -�% !$.! '� /0 01 '!2- 3 3 4- + �)5� 6 �7�% !$"8! 9�: ;< =! $ >!�!?6 - @-A �B% C �DEFG HIJ �B< K 4 ! �L4 " L4 $" # M6N OFP6 Q�R $S��% � T! $ ������ 6 - !U6T! V 6W+3$ ���
! XY " ! XY$ � �Z �6[+ �B% #\]�� &'!B< ��� $ O 6 '^�_ ` - �$ a6 0F �� �� 6,GbZ ^ cd6 e� 0�FZF�% !$ 7 F! f ! f$g-h ;<� i!" ! � �F�% .#6j<!kCl$ �Z ! f�B% m�n o
" p qL!" rsT! XY�Z 9j�t 6�n u \) - T!�\];<# " p $ �B< v) 6w -3+ &'! 6U-3" p $ ! x )\];<!6 +< \�i - � Z�30 !� .�6yz+{ �B� 6W+3$ V[ �" p 3 ! |)\]- #.Cq4!jl�B% $ �Z 6 - " ������} MA } - 6W XY
+3 >�$ � } - ~! �6�� �F f��Z�< " pi " L4qL!o $ 7 \#�R�< 6 0F )i � F !} MA��< \6j%3\]�� ,!�B< i!� 6j�R �n 6W�< $ >!! � ��� �!L4 )�- ��2F.# 6 Q�RS�+ - �n ! �$ ��6} MA�@-C �F�% .#F��Z �; ;<�Z�+� �B<
�R V: $B<+$ > [6B<!�$F�C qL$ � 6 �- o � � 6l� 9 6 ! 6 � ��!�( �) )p� ,!�B� � � N�! �- ! �! )�];< 6 �����o�!o $N� ] �B<!��
33+ &��! 6W+3.!�(� 4;<. ;<
.! $ )2 �� 7 � > c �¡ c c ¢£ [6W+3 a6 0F e) �� c [¤ c c$ � !¥ F ! � ! c ¦§ ¨ c © c�B< 7 $ ª L 4 a c « c 4 c! ¬ ¢ c ¡ c ® L c ® c ¢ cc c L c 4 F�)¯° T! $ �B< � c « c �B� T! $ $ ±! � ! 6rs $ !² N ²�B< � O $ $[¤�Z !� $ ³ �Z´ ! �6�� - T! $
¦§�Z µ6¶3 � $ !µ·6¸%3 �B<! 6 - $¹�¢ !º �6r» � 7 6W�< !�¼)i;# >£ 6W�� 6W+3$[¤ � ! ¬ ¡ +3$ª A! ª !¤½
�� � � � � �
� � �� � �� ����� � � � �� � �� � � � � � � � ! �" � # $ �"� %� & � &'(� ) * + ��,- � . / 01�� � � �
'(� ,� &'(� ,� 2 '(� &�� 2 3 4 � �� 5 & '(�
6 & 7 ��,� � ,� � 8 9 � :&'(� ; !� � <= >?�� & @! &'(� ,� � 9 >? �� A�
& @! )>? B �� ��& @! �� C D E F� G HIJ KL 01�� � M & �� N
@! / &'(� � .�� � O � 2 � 01�� ,� 2
� �� � � P Q ,�� �� ;�& @!
R & � � � & �� S ,� � �
G �� ��� 9 �� �Q : � �� + T � U�� � V W � �
� � � R XY Z Z Z Z [\� ] ^_ `� a � bc dec ��
f� �� �D � D Eg h^ i j k l�� �
�� mn( �� � � � i �i 1o��i p�R 5 & 6 qr s�t �i �i uv;�i w0
�x �y � �� k z{ �t ��i k i 9;i |�i mn <= } s s 9;�i ~ ��i ��i
| � ���i �i �� ��i ��i �;�ii w0;�i �;i �; �t �x ��ii ~ ;�i �t � �� � � � ���x �i � �� i H ��� �� �t
Y� i �(� | �x9 �i / ; � n�� �i] �� � ]
|� �0 e � � �y 7� �� y ��
� � � � � ��� �� ������� ����� ��� ����
� � �
�
� �� � �� � �
� � � � � � � �� � � �
� � ��
� �
170
mm
mm
.
mm sec
mm sec mm sec mm
.
mm sec
. mm
mm
D a
Appendix D. : of , June,
(from Central Meteorological Observatory, a).
,
, ,
,
, . +
+
+
+* - - ./
+ 2 +
, +
1*
..*
-.** +**** +3 0 -
. -* + ,
+,
,0,
, /
+
1-
, 2
2 / 2
, / 1
+,3** , 1 3 /
1 / -
- , + . 1
0 - 3 .*/*
1 / ,1/*
0+**
+2//
+23/
+. *. ,* +23.+23/
�
� �
�
� � �� � � ��� �����
��
� ��
�� �
� �� � � �
�� � �
� �� � �
� � ��
� �� � �� � � �
� �� ��
� �� � �
� � �� �
� � � ��
�� � �
�� � �
� � �� �� � � �
� � ��� � �
� � �� � � �
� �� � �
�� � �
� ��� �� �
� �
� ���� �� !�" �#$ %& �' () � *�+ , � - . /01��+2345 6 � �7 � 89 ��:�+;�#
<�$ =>5�? ��$ 9� @�ABC D�EF /G� : , - .9 D�EF /G�� H�? I 9
�# �JK �9 -� 6 / !��L�5M� �+ .N?� �#!� 9 , J ��K/OL� P �J 9 N /� �Q!� R E�$S � ,�B� B NTJ��UV�# � WXQY � �#$ M� $�PZ9AA+H � �9 [�C\ � ]82�B��WX � F./ $ � ^ � � N U�_ ^ ���/O` �9� � � ���/B�a 9 � N [��9b �� M2+$ ; ^ � � 9cd e� f � ��B_� !Cg � 9h_��B!C� i � � ^ �a � [����N _ �9j kl m���UPZ� Nn82 � ^� :jo �p� .N?� !� �AN �_�B � , � �Q!�q j r � �+ � / G���:�+9 Ns!�h_ ts �6uNv / ;��
w�x Ny2 �� �!� M29 z 9 { �+� � 9 ^ N? �#$ �� |�+���}]82N ~ � EF ��f� N <� N?� �_� � ��C}]23 { � |9 � �+;j_ ��f� N <�
"h�M�+;� �/ <M�9�B H�� N��� � �# f�9 ��� a �� ��QY 9 �$�" ���#�; [��a � 9 � @� NUN ��� �9M�M�N� !�UV��_ 2 @� � @� 2���� N 8 � �� �� �� �ABC !� ���EBC ���M� �
ts � �#!���� 8�ft�C}]23 �p�9 @� _ 2 � ��, � 9 � �C N �"_ ! �p9 @� _ 2� H� 9 �#!�C � � ,��m � ��� �2� ��N8 " � �ABC� �+!C � � �Y�"h��N�82 ,� �AVPZ � 9D� G�
� / *�� H� 9 �"_¡ �hBM�9� �¢ �# � �¡ �m � £� 9 � �ABC £� N ¤� ��_9¡ �D� �� R 9 N�f � D ¥ ¦� ¤ ��N B"_ �o �H�+;� � !�M�9 s2� �#!� �� § �ABC ¤ ��¡ �� ¨N©�!CB� 8�# H� ¥ £� N �AV ¤ ��
�L � PZ� �p 8ª ��? I 9ts �#!�� 9 m�ABC �
#$ �� § �p�¡ �ABC9A+H � � 9D� G��#!� � @9� � � �p�AVo 9 C
� �9�_ M29 ,�N ��m !��L� ��9 / L C� �#$ H� {N h: /«�_¬<�M��+ � � # ¤ � �#M�N®�# �AV���p9AV � @9�3�3� �#!� ] �¯°�� / ±��L� $ /���3 ²�³ �AV j � 9B ��# £ �AV �o 9 ´ QYs2� @�#$ �¡ �AVµ � � � ��¶·9 �· � <�# M�
9cd @�@ !C 2 PZ� ¸9 ¹ �#!��M�/ L C�����#ja �b � @� _� �M�9 ºY� � �B; � �AVo 9Bs2� » � �¼ �2�M�N F !� ��9¶½ � ·/ � �B��9 ¥�¡
� � �� �� �
� � � �� � � � �� � � �� � � � � ��
� ��� ��� �� ! " � # � ��� � �� � � $�
%� & � ' () *�� � +� �" � , - ./ ) 0 1 ()
2 3 4 3 5 � � * 1 %� 67 83 9 : ;� 7 < = > �? �
@ � A B C DE ?@ + B ?@ 3� @) FG H 8� # I J � B C KC ?@ K L 3 ��M N O �P A B C H I ; DEQ R S T?@ UV W X Y @ ;?@ � Z� � 2 �3 [ ?@ U \] ?@ ^� _#`�" �� � a
b c F � � � ?@ ^� B C � de % f g d ?@ � hC �, �� i � # e �� d d^� ?@ �
� � # �� [`8j k #` H ?@lm 3 � < H & % � " % <
�� �!" % � " < "%D n op q r Ej %; � s tu
�� v TKw � " ; < x yw� 2 z �3 i �� {�| N �!" ; < } ~� � � � � ��
� �" �� ; � � �� �� ����� � � ? � �@ � � �� 4� �
� � A 4� � L ��� ?@ s h ?@ �� � � 4 3 �� � � x ���D� Y k� ; T?@ � � �
4� � �� � � ?@ �� �Ub �< ?@ c � �
$� � yw %�S �� TKw � �� �� � �
�� " �~ %� s %� yw Y 6 �~ � � # � �� � � k� � �� � � s
Ub �<" � ¡ g¢ D� �£ ¤ DywR¥ � K¦§ K¨ �< Vw � u© Y ª w�!" Vw � «¬� � c «w® K «
K¨ � �!" < ?@ � ¯ w � �H J " 6 ° L ±² T³w´� Y µk� �� ¶ � · · ¸ c ¹ &
�
�
�
�
� �� �
� � � � � �
�� �
� �
171
M
. mm
. mm
mm sec
. m
. m
mm sec
mm sec
,
,
,
1
, . +*
+.
+ - 10
+ * +2
222
+
+
+*
,1 +* + ,**
1 +
, -10 +12
+-, .0
-*
+
/ / +* 0 -
,
, * 0 +
+***
1** 2**
+ /
�
�
�
� � � � �
� � �� � �
� � � � �
� � �� � � �
� �� � � � �
�� � �
� � � � �
� � � �� � �
� � �� �
� � �� � � � � �� � � �
� � �� � � �� � � �
� �� � � �� �
� � � �
� �� �� � � �
� � � � � � � �
� �� � � �
� � � � �� � �
� �� �� � �
� � � �
� � � � �
�
� �
�� ������� �� �� ��� �� ��� ! " #$%& ''��& �( )��� ��& ��*�+, �-.� � � � /0�1�� 2�3 ������� �� .� & ��45�67& (789� :� � &;<=> $% ;<=> ?@(�+ ( A0 B� � C �45� �
� � � D � �4�,& E�� F��GH �IJ( KL�45���& � �� �4M� � ��
: �N+,O ����(�+, P%Q �R S & �T UQ V � /� $+W(X$+�2'�YZ[� �� L�45� � � A� 67� � (�+�H �IJ� \& � 0 G ,� # &67 � �*], ( �(�� O ''�� �" � B �2$%4M 4�,&^ ?@(T �" � B �� ���*�+, .0 �� � \& H .0 �� (&67� � �� � _` ( $%a�4M� � �+� b c��&d ef �?@ ����g%Q�,)�+� 2�h (&T (& � � Q%��" � Q� � " � B� �� X@� 'i�j � .0 �� k � &45� H &�lF� ( B,4� RWX � � m nX@� A�o (�+� pS(& �� 0 �X$+�MI(�� �4�,&qr �s ��'2t� Q 2F&UX4 2� �qr � 0 ����� Q �u�qr� $% .� ���G(�� ��� v� �& � ?@ $% ���� & �� !!G� 0w�(��+� �� � ��& x � y[� 0 z G� �" & � {X�������� T (&X�� Q���& |�}� S ( �lF� � .0 �� �� 2+� �$�X�% L�45� S �qr � ��45� / ~& �(��&44M� � � � � (& | � � {X|�v �X$+� �� �� �45� ��� ��� &_ �� � �����qr& x � (�+�� |4M� �� & ��\{ � 0 �� �
( � � *+�'�I � : & ��4�,� � � ��\X4 �� �45�V / � ~0T { � 'X+� ��& (��X���[��G� n � � /T 0 �&?1 �(�+� �� � �4
��[� �!� �� &67 � �� �,& � &�G, (�+�� � �44Q& � X@� A��� 0 ����( {QX� 4M� �k��|� ��*�+,U� & � � B� �& � 0 � �F$% � �X+�� � :� �� �+� (�� 0 � ��<=_ ��� _ & ��$+&�F�F � � �� �� 0 , F� � b ��� & ?[ �� �& �" � B� 0 � �� @ A� h � �& � ��{&" � �0 [ � ��" � B� ¡¢£¤¥¦ �45� /& �" � ��4�,� �UQ 67� 0 � ��� �� §�, {Q&X$+�� ¦ �* �& � A� & �" � B�X@ 6�+, � /� �� � ¨ S � 7�©%$� /�X�2'&ª(�+���� �UQ 67 � ��� � «¬� �4�,& ��4�,EX" � B�'2t� � $+� �r N�� : 0 � �� ��& �&���'2t( Am" 0 B {X��&® ���� ¯ ° �� 5X@� F J��� ! ± � & {X" � ��+,�+�² ² F � F� ��³
S �,��® & � (�� �4�,& Q� � � ��� ´ � & S ��F�F � µ¶· mµ¶· 0 � o 7� & :
�" � �� ¸ b¹º ��4�, �,67& ?@» �� ¨���¼& �L XQ �" � B �, �X@� �,��½ (& �u���$�
�� � � �� � ��
� � � � � ���� � � � � �� �� � �� � � � ! � " �# $
! � " % & ' ( )* +, -.� /0� 1 2
34 5 �673 8 � %9 � : 34 ; <� => ? @+ � �
A" 3 �# % B C- B D4 �EFG H I J" � �# C- B KLMN
: 34 & � OP Q & � �� � R � S" TC- B �# 9
U� V W 3X Y � C B Z�N X [ N� � \ � �
] ^� T & R _D ,D � `a � � b cd ef34 I 3 & �# $ g % " <
34 � hW i � j � =R � hW i � � k � �
l 2 3= � G l� Y ��m `ja n a h � o 3Q ' 9
� �� " � � � Rp A" " � � � W 9ST
Y q Y � l� E� r s " t= u v 9 �L� � Kw xN > y�z { | } � K
~ n a �m 3= x { u �� i� ^a�� �� h X > u 9 � uy � @+� �� W � �� => � u
� � y 3=� � z Ky x�z � � ��2 � �# C- � �> �� =>
�$ � % � i � u �9T C- 9T � �d �� e => t �� �� � X >f X J" � |3= 9 � x�
Xef J" i f �� D � ��3 & J" i � % \ 34 � q � �z i b � � Kx¡ & ¢£� � �$ +, -. �� => ¤ C-
9 �¥¦ $� % 6 " &�� - t& ' ; <� �=> �# TC- 3Q �§ K� xyz& v � D ¨ X �L> ©t => � u �
o % & 9 ª« X ¬ ®��E �¯° 3± ¨o 9 ² ³ �A f"t& � � ��§ � +, ef � ´µ� D ¨o " � ´ ¶ C- U $ "
t& · � � q � ¸ ¹6 �� º ^� & � �» ¼ 3= +½
� �
� �
�� �
� � �� � �
�
��� �
��
� �� � �
�
� �
�
�� �
�� �
�
�� � � �
�� ��
� ��
� �
�
�
� � �
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
172
m
. .
m
. m
. . m
. . m
. . m
. . mm
.
. mm
. m
cm
. m
. m
. m cm
,
,+2
+ ,
-.
0+ - 01 +,* 2
-/* -0* 0-1 0//
+* /
+ ,/
+
+/ + /*
/ + / -
/ +* 3 + +2 ,
, / 0 + / + 2
.*
/2
+ / . * / + , +*
, + +- /
-* .* ,0 + .
+* , , //
/* +
+*
/* +** ,** + - -
, 0 +
, 1
- +*
+*
1 ,2* /*3 0
, +*
+2 , , 0
,
� � ��� � � �� ���������
� �� � �
�� � � � �
� �� � � �
� � � � �� � � �
�� � � �
� � �� �
� �
� � �� �� � �
��� � �
� �� �
�� � ��� � �
��
� � � � �� � �
� � �� � �
� �� � �
� �� �
�� �
� �
� ���� !"# $ %&�'( ! )*+, - � ./012 34�� 5678 2*+,% � !"#��$ 9� )�: ; !< � =>?� %@ !AB,$ %CD (EF G� �H !< �� IIJ+ 9 )�+� K*+,% K� L M� � �� LN2 �EA�� O� �% P�I; QRS L�#� � �TUL V �W L"#�� %-.G�
*+,% �DX3 D �N2 L HYDZ�[ L A��\�LNG� 1� ]:^%V �&� ? _./012 3: ` ]a bc*+,% X3 D (� � ; % =>? KM % R � ./012 3IId 2 3
�H !e �� P_./ =% /. � *+, � f =>? �: ;Lg ��L h -� G,EA�� P�� !< �� P_./CD -� G�L 3B � D=%�,\ ij�kQ =lkm *+,nod ?i 2 � D=*�P
pqr*+,% X3 D � �EA��
sMtu��% v w� x��, y >12 = � O_�G, z %�{ tu��\�|}� ~!���\�� LQ� )).G,Q_jQ +�.! �O�LN� �? 1�P�V@\Z��O�L�?� 1� �v w �w��*+,% RJ-� �!� � �./� Lg ��D=L�.2 P�j.��B��� �Z!� �� P��B �� ��� �TU!���O�L�?�y � X3 D�� ����� J� �� �D�! �% J ���!< ���J�Z� X3 D+���LN2 OOtu��%>12 � � ;�< ��N� �,� �R ��% LR�+ �%:^% � �� � % ��BP� ?�!� �,< �L J�Z �Z*+,%� =�NG�O�!4��L O�J% � ?�!P�11< ��� �N� �� �Z%P� !<�,*/� OO4�� ��� J�Z������ � < �! �O�L� ^ �<�,+� *+,%�� �H LN?��%O_L:^�N� �� L� ���L �L �O���%O�¡ !^ �� !¢�*+,\1mP����N2 1�,I£ *+, � 3%�d � LN2 ./%+1m.>,e �_�O�L +\��+G,\� ¤G,@¥�� 2 % +� O_¦�% + +, >12§¨� © � L4�_,O� �Z% �D ! ª�, � �,+ *2 O_! ��: ; �� P�, P�� �!«.��\��N� >12 OOt ��, +� � L:\¥�.G��%Ou��< �% >� �L< �_,*2 % ����N2 i*�P =%� LJ.G�Llo 9 )�; !4� ¬� % l O_/� _®R�+\��NG� �
o 9�; !4�,+� 1�£ %KM !4 ./ �=*+, 1� ./ �=*�,+� O� � � �!¯°�, >_® +,�®�® ? � L`_�L O��?%�H± G,[ � ! �+�² �N2 � ³´LV G,*2 P�µ��� ¥ \�RIP� )! �O�L�?� �% / .G� ¶/i��� �*+,O��O� ��% ·� � �¸ _¹ � ? ; Le �_�\��/� P�º�\��N� � �»! <�,N�R¼��=% ½L ?i / .G��% J � ���L
� � � � �
� � � � � � ��� �� � � � �� � �
� � � � � � �� �� � �� � �� � � � � �
! � �" # �$%�� � � � � &
# � � � ' � � �� ( �� � � � � ) �
� ' � * � � � �� + , � �� � � �
� $ � ) � � �- � � � � �
. � / * 0 � 12 �3 �4 / 5 � � 6
�. � � � � $ � + ��' � 7 8* 0 9 � � �': ; < � � �
29 � ��� => � �� � �� � ? �� => �
� @ A� � ��� � � B7 �� �
* � C � D �� ' E D � FG
� ) � � �' H � �
+ � ��� � �� � I J � �� K
L M � � �� � � FG + � �
�� � ��� 4 G � N O ? �� ��� G � � � �
P � � �Q � R S . �� � � # <� 6 ��� � I L S � �� '
4 T U � < � V
�� � � � �
�� �� ������������������� �� � ! �"#$%
�
�
�
173
M
. .
mm
. mm
mm . . mm
mm
. .
mm
mm
mm
E
Appendix E. Seismogram of destructive earthquake occurring on
, June, (from Sekiya and Omori, ).
1
+0
+ , . ,
,1
, .*
, . ,,
-* , 1
+ + ,* 0 +*
- , + 3 , +
.1
2 + ,*
, . ..
,1 +
,1 0 ,* ,
, . +*
+ , / - /
-1
1- , .
.,
- +
.*
/+ 1* 12
- +
++2 +
+233
,* +23. +333
� �� � �� �
�
� � �
� �
�
� � � �
� � �
� �
�������������� !�" #$ % &'()�* +,-.�/0123+45
6�7 5 8�9 :�� ;<= >10�? @����AB�C ?�= D��E F�� G + >� � H�! 5 ���?�I�����E J" � K ��� > '()�3+4�/01L MN�76�7 E �O �K��1 I ?/�P ;<=QR� = �
<��� S�/T�U �+ 2VW�� KXYP N�O ZMN�7 [ E/�P �=� K� 0� <� \ ]^� _ �` ��� �����5a>10��E b I:c��� d� �;01 P� K5 e f���E�0��0 g � ?J�2�� h���� P� E�� K� >10���? ij:Nk��0E,l� E��� � 0���O����� �����O ? N� KE 7 E��� � P� E '()�,-.���
� K�' :���?m MN� E n � � +�l�2P�+ E ?op\ q� D� eNk �O � IM����?7 p\ E �/01 ?r >� �: ��� st� D�/T� ? � ��l�L MN ;<=QR� � > �uc�v�wx �oq� � yz{ �/0� �N� 01 8E b�p\ ?��� 1QR� 5a>� P��| }�~��O7 [ � :Nk '()�/01 � �c�v�wx�p�7 XYP�" #$�=4Z:Nk7 � ?����E� �*N1E0�0� ���[ E �;I ��� st�r+�/ >kO�Eg ?J�01 ���� >P� ?oq� D�E 7 [ �L�� +-E 6�� � �;I ����? \ ��=� �L�� � +45 > P�L� n �c�E/�P � >� P2 �5 �� >10� st� +�l>1 +
P27 [ E +� � 5a: � �� 4?! >� ? ON1I��� �N�d�0�? �����O !� � :�uc�/01 1 � �54Z>�����\�� ����E]^`c�� MN10�� � I� 5 M 7 ;<=QR�� P�v��� �st�� � �5 ���� " #$? MN� �� +? >�l� �� U�" K� �? +� ��/T�7 [ E �;I 7 [
�O �����E��4Z 7 p\>10�? �O� +� � 5 ����1Z� U �" � ¡8>��E�NO�- ?7¢��� !�L ��Nk L���/T�+ E _�" ¡8 � eNk£M0 > L��� HE ¤¥�+E/�P >� :�¦O�0§ ���
� ¨ ©S ¡ � > st�� � +E �E � t2 >10�� +E _�/01E ª «¬ +� ? @0����P� �E+�?®����|�+�7r+��� + &® ;<=' �� ?+ ¯5 °�<��E±O�0 st�+¯�V 5²³5´°�&® � µ? �P� � �� ¶·� Eb����? _¸ �=¹TE � >� 2º�w � IM ;< 0 �/01E » �¶·? 5¼T�2�?=+ &®5 :� +E9>1 >02��E�� � �¶·� �� ½ c�� � E
�� � � � � �
�� � � � � ��� �� � � � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � ! " # $� �� � % &� � �� � '(
� ) � ! * � +& �,-.! � / 0 12 �
�34 56! 7 8 (� 9�:; ! 56 �� �
< => 6 ! ?@ �A�� � ! B C D �A EF � � �A
� � G H H �� � � � � I EF � �� ' 9
$ 9 J K LM �A N OP � : � ' 9 F
� +& Q R H�� � � �� ?
� +& � 8S �A � � TU 3O� $
+& � � � � 3O � ��V D �A K $ L3O W � �
� +& � X Y Z; [ � \]� ^� ;_ K �� M
� ` � Xa Ib �� � 9 Jc= a d � �
Ce fg� Ib � h �! �i %0� � +& � � +&
� ��� X Y ; ) � P 9$ � $ � 0
� P G # � j� 9 � P S �
< k l 9 � Ib � l� k ; Ib� 0 m k � :n � o � b p
q r s� t�u vw 0 N xy !r K Lh � z� { c �Xa� | � } : ~ ��� ` �c ` :;
� � � � � ��� �� ������������� �� ��� ��� !
� � �
�
174
.
.
mm,
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
.
mm sec
mm mm . mm
mm
F a
Appendix F. Research on destructive earthquake occurring in Tokyo on
, June, (from Omori, a).
,
* 3
+ 2 +
1* +-* .
+ +***
,/*
, -
, , .
+* - -
-* , /
, ,
+ ...
+ ...
+***
+3 0 -
+ ,
+ + ,0,
-*** .*** +**** , /
+
1-
. -*
+ ,1 0 ,* , . +*
, +2//
1* 2*
1***
+233
,* +23. +233
�
� � �� � � ��� �����
� � � �� � � �
� � � � �� � �
� � �� � � � �
� � �� � �� �
� �� �
� �� �
� � �� �
� � � �� �
�� � � �
� �� �
� �� �
� � �� �
� �� �
� � ��
� �� � �
� �� � �� �
�� � �� � � � � �
� � �� � � �
� � �� �
� � � �� �� �
� � � �� �
� �
��� �� � �� � ! " #� $�%&��'� ! �() � " � *+� � ,� -. ,�/"� � ' 0�1� 23�4&% 5 /6 7 �"8 ()� 9):� 28� (2� ; <� =: �� >" ? @A B0! CDE� �FE��2'G�� ?HI� J KL� ,�� M =: ,�� NM 0��O?>PQ% �G�� R:)� <� C S� T �G��*+� �U�8 ()� J �4@ � E S� V �G! W -. �
� 23� �4&%X" B� �<)Y) � �G��Z' <� �X [ � � \=: ] 9�^_�*+� J � W � B��� �BZ M'G! <9�`=� ^!" C Z& B0! Z=��� >� a�� �U� bc�4@ �"�P:d <� e�4@ f�9):��g(� � 0�� � � � 24 B� � >^!" =���� <� h =��U�i �4@ �4^< � � �9� jk�Gl_ B0! m �
G�� 0� n �U�i o 23�4@ 4@ � .�X [ � h=:�p �`q �G! rW � � �"��Ge �4@"�^!� � =�� J �" � � *+�s � J t u uv23w �� � ' <�X [ �x � y � ()�g z�{ �| ()%4! <�� �G�� \�B&%� �} u � ~��� ���
� � \�� �^! J M� � ���% �%4! <�:? ()�� #? \�� � �� � J^!" � &' <)^!" �� !� �m '2!� |�g z| �^� v�4@X� ���:)2& J^!" �� � [ � �G X x �Pd=� �� �� M�4@ � �g' � � �G���� � � � ��"� ��� � J� !� � ��� �% � �c<�`=� � �"�G � 23�� �&':= 9� �^�% ;�"�� ��Z�G& 9�^_�0� J^!" �� � ��� � �B&%"0� � �G! �� �A �4@ � v�4@"�^!" � �� +�X % <��� 2 (� & & ���2& �:' � >�� e M�X"s�=�� B0! e��2��Z � �4@ � �4^<9�^_2"��G
E�� M ^! J?�% J � ��.m ! � �% e^!¡p � E "�'��G <� ,� �G! �¢_3 j� � � �^_� �£ ��"���2&X" &¤ � � � 9� x�4&% ? � P) � � ¥ �� �;% ? (Q���Gl_ 9�^_� ¦ �? <)§� J�4@ r 22¨ t =: t �©0��.m � 3� � , Gm � �% � ,�� ��ª� '2&^_�G � 2&�&_ � �U� bc-.<�
g � ��� <� e-. `=� E�" �« ()%4! 9�¬ ?«=M �4&% "�'� �P�! �® ? �"��G
-. ¯ � *+� ��Pd=� � � ° �G� ���� "�l±+� 8 ()����G 9�9�� =2 <� , ²�9�" =�� B0! �X! ³ 2C; �2&��´�2&^_µ 9)� � =: �,=�% &�"��G4<:' 2=�����2' � �^_� � )� , 9�s �^�%� Z(� �% h =����� � �� � \��% � J �4@� � �2=��9� jk�Gl_ �¶ � ? B"� · ;'¸¹ �� '� ��d�º� z ? B"� » <�`=� -. � ? �� �¼ ��:)d �� ½� x��"� ·�>z ·?8]� <�
� � �� �� �
� � � � � � �� � � �� �� � �� �� ��� �� ��� ! " #$� �% & � & '(
) � * + ,- . & / 0 ! �1234 � 567 �� 89 : ��� ; :
< 13 = >23 = 0 ? @ A BC�� & � DE � �� � ? A F G HIJ
K L� G� M7 N #� ; �� A A�K ; OP QR�� S T � �� G HIJU � �� 0 %V ; �� ;
� . W BC�� X � �K�K Y Y Z[ \ �� . ] � M�� C^ �K Y _ F ` abR*
� c�� d �K efg ; OP � h�K \iP HIJ�� G�� � jW� ! ] � D* �K bk � � l ; ��G � �K ] ; OP m d no � pY iP S ( _ qr ^s G
t � uvS w � x y X z {- |}~ S � �P � � ]
� �� � �] ( F � G ;+@Ky � � o � ;F K
� ^ 7 x �P ! ' ! �� �% � +@% eK� ^ 7 �P � M7� �P \iP � � � y
*� �� �K ] +@K � �� � �K �� �K bk ! �� � �
�� �P G K � ;�K � � )� ] �� ;�� . � x�K .� � �� �K ��� � : � � �� �K � h � �!� � �� �@ )�� eK ! ¡# � �Y Z[ � ¢� £ G z ¤� G {- ¥E��
� �� �� 0X z |} � �� ��¦ �� Z§ ¨ � � © QR ��� � * j� ��ª p � «¬ BC�� X� ;�� �� �! � � \� �
: 4® 4¯ ° �� ± 0�K ² �� �� �K bk � ³4 �� & � ´ Y µ³ ;
¶ +@K � P� K�� � ³ �� �� � � � �
�� ; W � M �� ; � QR S t � DE ���Y �· ¸ ��[ ¹~ 9¹ º \ ~ 9¹® » " �� �� ° �K º �� �� ¼�S '( ! �% ½ ~ � ���
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
� �
� � ��
�
��� �
� �
�
175
M
mm
mm mm
1
/
+
, ,0 +1+ 1* 2*
, +-*
, ./ .*
,
+ +***
,
- + , +
+* +
0
, +
-
1- +*
+
-
.
1*
1
+/,
2-
,+ ,./
� � � � � � �� � �
� �� �� ��� �
� � ������ � � ���� � ��� ���� !"#$%&'( �! ')*+,%- .�/ � 0 �
� � � �1 1
1� 1 1
1 1 11 � 1 �
�� � 1 2 3 � �
� 11 �
� ��� 1
1 1 � 11 � �1 � 1 1
� 41
� � 11 11 �
� � 1 4 1
� �2 3
1
5 5
�,6 !%- .�786 9:;< 6 =!%>$?( ��6 @A ��� � >) �� BC .�DE FGH��� 0 �� I?(� JI�KL ��M � � �!�@#$ ') @� .!FN$ 0 �, O-(+P"�*+� @( FQR !S -(+ �� � �!KR FQR*�TU�/ � 0��V ��� �V ' Q) !S -(+ �� � � �!WX>$N(*+� @#�� � �V �� � �V ') �>$ ) Y=+ Z� I*'A .�/ � 0
Z �+��[ \� �, Z+]K>$*'A �,6 �!%-�^$� �, _ �`,a[>$ O-(+ b�cU � d e fe !PN$g
@A +NDhi, ) j>kMl m,nH)l.� bopqrs/ !FN$ b�� !��@t � �!�@#$ cU I�uvwx , d>) ��hi,6 !')y�+-( *�z�kM{ � �! %-� �I?#)+|}A'( *�hi� Y~�� ��� ��, O-'� b�cU I�uvwxg�� +^L ZI?R �� ��M�l�kM{ � ���?)R ���+K( *�l��� � FQR � I� � �!� ��� bopqK�� bcU ,P"�%-y�+
@#$ > �� \ �!��t@!�l��� ]K-��I?( Z I ��-��� � 6')*+� @#) I� d��>�� � b�o��k K ,�6 �hi� � �"D!�%-(+ !K -(y�I?R cU � N)¡!¢£! b ¤�( ���� � ��� ���� !"#$% ')y� y>L�� ¥¦§!¨R H)+�!c&'( �! ')*+,%> y> ����� U @A ©>)y�"D! ��uvwx �J+ª� « �! ')TU!� ��l!¬ -(�l� �®!WN �¯Q'$NKN ��)¡*'A�, Z �� °�!�±>$N( j> *�� � �² ��o^�!FN$�'� �� b�cU
I�������,³F� ���!´µ>$N �¶!Y~>) Ol"RyZ· Ny�+K(*+( ,�¸>KN�H!�N@KN
/ � 0>) � e ¹o�/ I*� � º »��-¼g!"#$ ©> �� �½�! 0>)y�
� � ��
�� � �� �� � ��� � �
� �� � � � � � � ��
�� � � � � � � ���� � � � � � � ��� �
� � �� � � � �� �� � � � � � �� ��� �
� � � � �� �� � ! � " # �
� $� � $ % ! � !� $� � $ � � & � " �
�' � �$ � � ! &
� � ( � ���' � � ) $ � ! ! �
� � � � � * �� " ! + �� �
� �� �, � ! � � - �
� � � & . �� � � / � � � 0 1 !
� � �
��� � � # � � 2 3. �� �
�
� � �
176
a
b
+ +
+*
+ + ,/
+ ,./ ++ +
+*
2-
+0,
20 +/- +*
,./ -
3
1+ 1+
1+ 1+ ,
1+
1
+ ..
1+ 1*
,
+ +
+
+
+/,
2 -, / +*
++
� � �� � � ��� �����
�� � �
�� �
� �� � �
� � �� � �
� �� � �
� �� � �
�� � � �
� �� � � � �
� � � � � � �� � � � � �
� � � � � �� � � � � � � �� � � � � � �� � � � �
� �� �
� �� � � �
� �� � �
� �� � � �
� �� �
�� �
� �� � � � �� � �
� �
�� � �� �� �� � � ! �� � "#$%�" &'$�(�) �*� +� ,-� �. �* + /0�1" 2� !34" 5�� � 6� 7� � �&"8�9 : � �;� /� �< =�:$%� �>?�@ � AB:C. -�* �)D# :��EFGH �7 I��D��*� ! � JK � �L/� MN 7 �O "�� �>$? P H� QI�R � &> <�S � �TU�*V� % W � =DX �:" :YZ � " =�[� :< 6� \ �Y] � ^M �_ :`� ="*� a� ��+> � � �*%� bcde f�g`�hi�:<�j�* � EFGH � � k �Y< l �>�) � ^� \ �YmKn � � �o � Q� � ] � ^� p�$��j� � -D� �*�� �qr�s �*" � ^�^$% t �� u � ^� �vA : ��7/� � =� � v$% �% � ^"*� w � � ^� &� +� w �x � � =" ���� �:<" Iy "Y�+w � z�H< r
-� 2 �{ $? 2 � �� +� �) � ^� z� |�r �w � +� � �* �# D��* � }: I6��* ��� 2 ~ � � �"* �� � ^" ^�> z��2 R � - � q &?' �w � ^� ���"* �� �q �� q q � �� � N ���% < �Y< �q �*� +� � �* 6� " ^��&?' ?��*<� ��� �� � � - � q : ^� vN�A �� ^�_ " �N�< �
� q �� q � q �� � ����N �� �� ��:?'�� q q q �K "��� :`�Y< � �*w� q �*� +� � �* � ^$? " D � �A+� ^�+� � � � $?�� � � ���"�v'� ���$? ')D �N����� �>� w � -� � � �< ^� ^� � � ^� � ^�� � ���w �c� �* �w��*�� � ������ � ^"�� � � ¡� b � 6��A �w �:��¢"* � ^�£ :Yw # �*%� ¤ : =�+>g` ��% ��� ^� �" D�D z"vA:<" ¥,-� �.-�cd +� � H �*�TU: �¦��j: r��� 0 �� ")D#A o §¨ © �+� � ^� ���"�v' � �§ �Y< 7/� M � :`" :A:< ^� � +��S ª«� rD �j¬
�� " :A ¥� ��";� �Y] � ^�S �Aw � <*%�" ª«� � �| �® ® ¯�Y]w =�°±� P² �Y< �Y< ³� " 2*<�Z " ����¢ � ´ 3 µ¢NN#< "*%�" +" F �c�:` ��w � "#$%� � ���¶� kD:A´� 3 � ">?�· �¸< ¹�� z� A �Y] �� +� 3º� � �7/ "=� � � I�L �»¼A�j�* a M� ~ º ~ �P � ��EFGH �Y< =" $%��� � �½ �*%� +� = ��2�p�
� � �� �� �
�� ��� ��� �� �� � � � �� �� � �� �� � � � � �� �� ! " # �� � # $ % &� ' ( ) � � *+ , - ./ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 �� �7 , $ � 8 9 $ � � : �� ;< = $ > �� ? ��� @@A � B CD
) � E D ��� � :, !- . ' +*+ & F G! �� H (�: IF� �� J �K � L M N �� F�OP Q � $ R� � S�'T U �� HV U WX S� $ �� � Q Y Z[� \
��& �� � *: ]^ ^ _` \E ��� � a:[ ! b " cd �: R� e � 'f]� � �� gh i j k ] � �� S�l �
^ ^ _` ` & m �: no� � p T q�: �: �r�: r� s \E t � �: ! b " � N u t vwx�: y z{ & m A: � = ���: @A: r@: | t s � }�: �r@: ���: � C- � q p��: ! " �� N � ~ ��V ��: A ���: � d �� � ��
� � � � @ �� & � ' �- � �� l: @ �� : !b " � ] ��
�� � � � � �� � � p �� \- ( :� $ � E S�� T �� �� � ' ) (�� \ �
� � � + } 'T �� �� N� / �� �� � �� \ (�:
]^� 7N�� � � $ �� a�� L� ��: � �� � U$ 3 �
� < � 8 �� L� r [ ���Z E � �� � [ 8 ��� �
> � ¡ �H � �� b [ S� F� �$ �¢ ? � £ > 2 9 ¤� ¤ �� � N
) $ S � � ��� $ H
�� � � � �
�� �� �������������������� �� �!"#$
�
�
� � �
� � � � � � �� � � �
� � �
� � �� � �� � �
�
� � �
��
177
M
G
c
Appendix G. Earthquake in the Hitachi district occurring at : ,
, Jan., (from Central Meteorological Observatory, c).
1
+,2**
+***
1
, - -
, .,3*
-
0 1 2
1 1 2
0 .2-*
+
-02*
,1 0
3 +*
+* /*
/
+2//
+23/
,, .2+2 +23/ +23/
� �
� �� �� �� � ��
������� � � ��� �
� � �� �
� � � � � � �� � � � �
�� � � � �� � � � �
� � �� � �� �� � � � �� � � �� � � � � �
� � � ��� � �� � � �
� � �� � ��� � � � � �
� �� �� � � � ! " � �
� � � � �� � � � � � � ��
�� � � � �� � � � �� � � � � �
# #
$ � %&'()*+,-. / 0 012345678 %&9:; <�12=>? @A9BCD�'7 E 9 F� G4HIJK
�LM N O P O9 QE�'O RS9TUVWJX�YZJ)*7[ �'7 \9]��^)_`� MD a bc3��8 / %&�deJ \9 � P
a fg*�h)iQj kJK lf MD� a fg*�m n9 o/98 �p� q�'7 rg,K c398 9 <�s?9tu`� vgwK x3yWzB{y {|c9 }9MD a ~4qv()MD a 0
�D � @A9� 9�� a fg*�'7 wK ��=9�?��R����/�/ �J \9�F9 �4iQ/�D 0 '7*��kJK&/�%&'7
P fg*�O�� ���� / ���3�� W �=9� ���R�� %&kJK ��� �vgvV:�)�4 ��7UT /'O \9:; <� a MD/�CK a �D � fg*� -:l 34567�¡¢£9:; �9K¤�¡9 <� a MD a �D�¥/¦,§¨/¢,K-9� 0 @Ay 0 fg*�'7 ©�345678 %4ªJkD,«�JK-9/'(K � `� a &��^)� �'O \9:; %&�¬N
�D 0 O� wK �9K 9®� ¯° vg�±¤4²O MD a¤4³´µ /B¢JK fg* �¶*&� 0 ·*&� Ps�345678 �*+,- P P fg*�'O & 4�¸ 0
MD a a �D 0 �D 0 P fg*9¹je� nº»t¼0 �'7 wK Qtj kJK�& Aj Ck� o/rg,K ½´345*)���
� ��
� � � �
� � � �
� � �� � �
� � �� � � �
� � � � � � �
� � ��� � !� �
" � �
� � � #$% � �
& � � �
� � � �
� � �
178
. .
m
m cm
.
m . m cm . m
. m cm
. m m
. m
cm
. m
. m m
. m m
. m . m
. m cm
m cm
cm cm
cm . . m cm
. . m
,2 . 0 + , + 2
+1 +
/ /./ / +/
0 +* 3 . -
+* +2 , 3 . 1 -
+
/ +* +2 , + -*
3 + + - .
1 - ,
. / 1- 10 ,
+ +* +2 ,
,* -0 . + - +
+0 ,3 + /* 3+
1 , + 0 + 2 .
. +
1 - - 3+ +-* ,-1
, - 3+ /
- 0 3 +/ , 0+
+2 - +* / / +2 , - , / 01
. * 3 + ,
� � �� � � ��� �����
� �� �
� � �� � � �� �
�� � �
� �� � � � � � �
� � �� � �
� � �� � � �
� � �� � �
�� � �� �
� � �� �
� � � ��� �
� � � � ��
� �� � � �
� �� �
� � �� � � �
� � �� �
� � � �� �� � �
� �� � �
� � � �� �
� �� � � �
� � �� � �
� � � ��
� �
� �
���� ���� ! � " �#$ % &'( �)*� +,-./0 �� 1�23 �45! 6�� ' ! �� 7 89: ����; !'� �<=�> ? @A'B� �(C ! D�E�F G ! H��� I!)*� J ��K � L M ,' N� � 6 � ! �OP ��QB�) RS ��;��T*�L �)*� � "6 UV W ����LXY Z � ���L R 'B�[ � ! \ N�� Y� �] ' ! Y�^ � _ �L `$a �! �� 8 b!c d,� � e� D�f L 6 ! �(C /0 �� 1� ! �
0 � gh� D� i�� j� � �k�L � � !)F �6 L $a Y�^ � � D�f0 � HR l� 6'B� I! �� m
� !c d,� n8 o �Lp �L �k�q ' g \ R 'BLrs t � s u � v�'�[ ( ��N� $a �! �� j� w UC w D-Y�( �)*� 1 ! C �LXY Z �( ' $axjF j
Y D� 1� 1gc �� �L e0�ZyL ! i�� z �L pGAL H H � !{BC L | t �( � v� L } $*�!�~ 'C� ���j�L ! � �� � ZDL+,�F;'�[ C��N �O���;�! � � ��L>, j� �ZyLN �� ! i��! �L iY��P 0x��; �� �� ��,� XY Z ��;) Y� _ ���g ���! RR��' $axjF ^ Lq L �a,'$*���� � ���� C� � e� D�f0 ^ 6 L! $a 6 � N���� �� D�f0 � gc �� u <3�
'B; C! ��! N� eL � u� �L��GA 'B! � RG�F �[ ���'� j� 8 ��� �;� ! \� N� I L-6����)� L 6 $axjF � � �'*� � � L �k� � ! � ���� e� D�E�*�( !� �� � �� N� � ;���� �k��*�
8� !^;� �)F � _ ! _ ��;��) j� � � H HL�;����! �)F % �GA�L ���!>, N � j�L � �� 'B� ��*�� ! 6�'B� � I! �� ��;�� L�R � 'B�B,;���K L 0�;�� D F ';�! $*� 5 � L¡¢5�£¤� ¥�OP �Zy�� L i� w D� �F �! �� ,6!*���¦'$*� j�;'�[ ($*���� /0 �� 1� ! � L§�� 'C ~ ��Kr L p�� j� 6 n8¨ © 8 F���� t�( �k�r ���R � ��ª g �;% &'( � � RS ��;�! C �� � d «d/0 �� 1� !)*� QB�)� ¬ �L XY Z ��' $ax ® �LXY Z � � N� ¯
jF °�( ' �'*� Y� �± L ���)*�! � � ZDLL D�f0 � gc �� j� D�)*� ���K IL ' F� �6 L Y �^ � � D�f0 j�L �GA )�L � 'B�� gc �� ����L e0� �Z � jF p t�( � v,� ILL$
y! C i� 4 A"��R ! 6�� !) � '� fjF �GA� L � ² 8 � �L � � 6R � GA� �N� L���³!´ µ¶· � 'B� I!J � 'B� !N,¸, _ )*� �� � '� p t �( � v�[ ($*� j� B��K � L 'C'C �k�A �
8 �LXY Z ¹º 6 ! �R ! 6������ �� ! ��Z�»+F � ! 6� �GA! H� c¼½ �L � e���� 6 e
� � �� �� �
� � � �� � � � � � �� � � � �� �� � � �� �
�� ��� !" #�� $ % & '( ) *+ ,' - . / 0 � 12 34 -5& 67
� ( 8- � 9 : �; $ < � => ?9 @ A � �
�� < " B CD� < 3C E - ) � 1 FG H? I�D� J KKL ��� ; < M N � � � �� ��
OP $ Q N �� R < S� )� T� < 3 U < 7 V W � X �� Y�
OP J Z [ � \ �� R ] � => ^_� ` \ � �� a b � c) 1 FG d Kef� �� �� - ! � $ # CD� L
���� ` �� S� J K 3g h i �;j & g & 4( 12 k � ` � a �l m � �n g 7 o� p ,' � bq $rl
! 6 O3g h E h � E st J $ <
����u - ) v �� 3CD� ��� KKR w x � ! L ; < 3N � <yz { � (| }~| OP J � �� �^+ ^� ! ,' ; c) � � 12 A4( % �� � �� ��� |� � X ��� N � � CD� K� �E � � �� � � �N V��L ; $ �� � � / ~|� �� ~|�L� # � ) 34 � j g
) A4 � 3g { 12 7 � � � V� (|N �z � !" X �� �� 4( 7 V� �
� 3 q � � � ! � 4( �O g h f� �� o� � ��b � �� � � " �) � � �
� : � � ��� � � C FG ) � � 7 � ( ! ¡ c) ¢ £ � ¤ �� - ��¥ J ) $" �� ¦§� ¨ $ �� ©u # �� < �Kª$ 3« ¬ CD� �� �
< 3OP J $ ® X ¯° � �N � �� < 3 U < ^� 12 � ^� A
OP J ®) L O 4( ± � � a X! h ² ^ � ) " � 4( & 12 4(� ³ ´ � 12 7 � � 6 & µ� 4( & / � ¶ ¶
· 4( X ) �� ¸ 4( ) x �� ` � a b yz (| " �� N
K¹º �»� $ N CD� ^ � | � %® 12 7 � & g ¼t �K ; N CD½;
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�� �
�
�
��
� �
� � �
��
179
M
.
. mm
.
. mm
.
. mm .
mm
. m
cm .
m
. mm
. .
mm
,
1
+.
, +
+* .2 /.
+1 -,
, + -
,, 3 / / 0
,* + -
++ ,
,1 0 ,*
+* /*
, ,. -
+ - 0 ,*
/
+* .2 ,. /
* 3 .+ * 1
+ ++
.
, .
0 +* 3
0
0
. +, . +- ,
+* .1 +* .2
,0 . /
* 3 /+
+2 * / + *
0
0.
+3 ,3
. /
0 ,*
+* /* .
+
� � ��� � � �� ���������
���� �� �
� �� � � !
� �� �
� � � � �
� �� �
� � � �� �
� � �� � ! �
� � �� " � " �
� � �� � �
�� � � � �
� � � � � �� � � �
� � �� � �
� � � � �
� �� �
� ��
� � �� �
� � � �
# #
�$ % & � ' (� ) *+ � ,-�. /(01�'��23 4�5 )� � �67 6 8 9:; <= >� ? @ )�A�(BC � D� �)�E (B) 3 F GHIJ � 9:;K �L A�
MNO 3 �P QRI�@ )�A� SI�TUV & WX(� �Y-3Z�[ �/�T \ 3�]^_/�� V ` aa01b[ c/ \ d4�21� e �TD�f %g �� Z�V h� T. ij(1�)k(c 0lY-3 [mT �21�) h '� )23 J n ^8�5o) �j 8
4> �(1b �67) p � -�qr _� Z�Vs f i�(1b Vt (B� u) �j $v&wT b x�� yx�� z { �/ �_'��23� &*T �s yx�� 4�5 )2F|F� >� Cq9_b/ D})���� 9_bT �� {)[/� ~)�A �?v�� ) � (1� -�
)'j � � 39_b �) �j C 9_bTI ]@ )�A T��% �q (B� �@ � � �(B� ��I/21�)99��� �2� Z� aT_���_bT � ��'�� �b/(9. � 8/ �� \ ��(_01� �0� Z� jT� ( � -3 C SI�TUV & D�f (�q� �T ��(01� Z� �Td>�:�� �Y-3 c T �V V[ �21� ` a *�� �$ %g �
� �@ T ^ d � Z�V *TD� �($ )� ��\ �^ \ �B�23 j� ) s i�(1b V�yx�� -/�T �% ��� -� � �� T * �4> T[m �f �21�) VD�
� �23 9:Z \ 3� �� WX(1b V *�� �[ $�/ ��� ¡( �2� %g �� |8d¢ k;f i�(1bs
��{£ ¤£ �T¥¦ * yx�� §¨{© �T �ª` 0l��F ]@ ��A�«I)Q¬RI23 )® �:�( )21b h� T¯A(
�� T. @ )�A �% ��� °�c/ 01� [mT �f ���±B² T¯Al8jT 1b³ ��(j(1� (01�) s '� �(1b ` ��$v4 ´§µ{�T[m0l'_c �Y-3 ` &wT )¶ % x��
aa01b *� �� ���CqT( ·q SI�TUV & �f01�) ¸ � ��/�TD(j(_ ¹ (c 0lY-3 V ` aa¹ � c (B�º�»8��/�) 01b *�� �[ $ %g ��_) _�8/ aT. �(_ ¼{½ 3�T -� 4> T �V *��
� � � � �
� �
� �� � � � �� � � ���� ��� � �� � � � ! �
" # $ � � � %& '� (%� )*+ � , - . / � 0�1 , 2- 3 �� + 4 5
6 2 �0 4 � � 7 8 $ ��9 :; < 6 = � /� ; 8 > ? � @ ABCD E � � / < � � !
� 0FG � H I ,JK L M NO � , PQ � R
ST :; PQ U V � = 1� W X, �0 Y -! %Z ; [ Y\+ � / 6
] � � 2 � � / , ^0� � 1 / _ +
� S� Y D - � _ � / , _ �- - ! < = � /` R � a - b 6 /1 - . a / / ,cd S� _ + 6 = <
� ef e cd - � gD � 1 ,h i � j 4
� k S R ! b 6 lm 9 < � n\ 2 0 ,o ?
��1 � ] p + � / b 6q � :; r 2= � / 0� � 1
�s t] uv v ! / , _ +1 w x yO � � / /
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
181
M
. m . mm
cm
. . m
. mm
m
. m . m
.
m cm . . mm
m
. . mm
. . mm
1
/ ,*
+* +* .2
0 + 2 +2 +3 1
+ -*
1 - .0
- -*
0 . / + , + /
+* .2 ,*
+ /
, / ,+
- -,1 / + ,/
+ / . + , / +-
/ 3 + ,0
+ -* ,2 * / - *
,.* .-1
- +* .2 -/
+ +
+ - +2 +
+ +- * 3 + *
� �� ���� �� �
�� � ��� � �
� � � �� �
� � � �� � � � � � �
�� � � � �
� � � �� ��
� � � � �� �
� � � � �� �
� �� � �
� � �� �
�� � �
� �
���� ���� �� ! "#$%&� '�()"*+�, -./0$1234567 8�9:$ 8�; $<=6*� >�?-57 $<=6@A�>BCD 8E3F $GH �> I�JK>L-577M$NO>PQ7RS*T U$U-56 !$V? ���W ��X 7Y�Z [>\��]&�7$^_4-57 ���7 @A�*8E-. ,$ !$V?` �()"*a, $+�� �b ���@A�����7 I�, 4< �
$ �*4Xcd$e56f� �g�9:4 �>+ � ���> !hijk�7> /0$ Tl�7> ��*mno "pD +�, !*qX 3456%&�7 I����rs* t$o " uv���>jk�7 8E-. !uwf�xX 3ywNO$*Rz.E4-57 {7 | } |~ $GH � U$U-56 !$V? "* +�, " !$V? ���H���W � FzX �@A�����7 ������7 I�, ��*��$ T3457>
I�, 4< !*��>��12"p57> ,$G �>f��?X{7��34D 8E-./0$ T3456%&�7 I��� !* � ,$��o 3456 ,$#$%&�7"�d"*L=��"p57
�� � �� � � � � �H�;� � �A �3<D"p57>+l�6� H�"* T�� �4w>+l +� � � � �a, � N�>� 3��-"4-57> � � � ��� !$N >���� !�$ -4D�;�$956 D ��� U GGH ��8�E6��$ ���7N>�-57 �)$95 ��W � !$V? ��" 6*¡¢�£¤> A� ¥>¦D § Q>N>f� x�783>¨©� ª$«.E� ¬�;�* �� ��@A� !$V? ��"�� �H�;�$®¯E°f� �QEw± �� x²³>´µ"p�83 ��jk !>L-57834 rs �w* t$¶ �¯?·"p� c¸¹º»���* ¼½
� ��
� � � � �� � �
� � � �
� � �� � � � �
� � � �� �� � � � �
�� �
� � � � � ��
� �� � � � �
� � �� �
� �� � � �� � �
� � �
� �
� � � � � ��� �� ���� ���� ���� ��� �����
�
�
�
� � �
182
. . mm
. .
mm mm
. . . . mm
mm . mm
. mm
. mm
H
Appendix H. Strong earthquake occurring on , Jan.,
(from Journal of Geography, ).
. +2 ,2
.+
+ + 1 +
. * 3 , 1
+* .3 /2 - .
,* -*
/*
/
// * 0 0 / 10 + , +, -
+ ,
+/ +0 ,0
0 /1 , +-
0 ,* +23. 0 ,*
,2 + +2 +* .2 ,.
+ +2 . .
* 3 .+ + -
/
* 1 ++ - 0
0
+23/
+2 +23/+23/
Recommended