Reversing the Vicious Circle in North Africa’s Political Economy: Confronting Rural, Urban, and...

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Mediterranean PaPer SerieS 2012

reverSing the viciouS circle in north africa’S

Political econoMy

confronting rural, urban, and youth-related challengeS

M cs P

J-ys Mss

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Cover photo: A local armer and his son sell tomatoes to customers o the back o his truck throughout the villages o theDakhla Oasis, Egypt.

Reversing the Vicious Circle in North Africa’sPolitical Economy

Confronting Rural, Urban, and Youth-Related Challenges

Mediterranean Paper Series

may 2012

M C P, H A, Gë G,3 J-Y M4

R, I A I (IAI), R.

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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy iii

Foreword Maria Cristina Paciello

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Reversing the vicious circle in North Africa’s political economy 1

Agricultural Policies in Tunisia, Egypt,and Morocco: Between Food Dependencyand Social Marginalization*Habib Ayeb

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Agricultural Policy: Irrigation as a Solution

(The Ideology of Irrigation)

The Mobilization of Hydraulic Resources

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Security to the Confirmation of Food Dependency

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Morocco and the Royal Demand

for a Million Irrigated Hectares

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Competition for Resources

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Despite Technical Modernization and

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Conclusions

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2The Arab Spring and Urban GovernanceChallenges in North African Countries*Gaëlle Gillot and Jean-Yves Moisseron

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An Incomplete Transition

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The Coexistence of Gleaming Malls

and Shanty Towns

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3Youth Exclusion in North African Countries:Continuity or Change?

Maria Cristina Paciello

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Economic Liberalization Reforms Biased

Against the Youth

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North African Government Responsesto Youth Economic Exclusion in the

Post-Popular Uprisings of Early 2011

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Explaining Continuity and Change

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57 S, B. H, L F ’é Em pqu ép Tu, P, L Dé, 6;S. H (.), Nwk f Pg h M ETh P f Em Rfm R , N Yk, 7; S.A, . .

58 A , U T ’I, C ’A (UTICA) T; F- E I (FEI) G F C C (GFCC) E; Céé- Géé E Aé (CGEA), Céé- Aé P (CAP), Céé N P Aé (CNPA), A F C’E (SEVE), Céé I P Aé (CIPA) A.

, k .59 W , , N A , .

J q, , .6 T G, J 8 T , . T k ’ j , G PC (GPC), k . T

59 S N. M,“L é ’ é è B A,” L P, F 7, ://../7/89/-----------.; B. H , p ; B. H, ..; R. F. G, “C T: C q à ’,” Tu Wh, D4, ://../=366; A.H, “Y T R,”

C P P F, ://..//A_H,_Y___T_R,_S_-CPPF_%.

6 A. A. K, “T’ P-B A C: A P,”MERIP, J 6, ://..//6.; J. H H. E-S, EmLz, S Cp Im Wf P,L, P M, 9; B. H, , p

T . T E T . IE, SCAF, E , , ,

k . G j -Mk , - . F , , S R, -J, Mk J , ,H B, k- .T , M E-S,

’ F M Y B G Mk.

I T, M G, B A, k .6 R , G k , k

6 B. H ., p

T , Bj C E, B A 994 , , ( S ), J P - . H, , k , Bj C-E, ,

(84) , .63 M, j k , j, , k ,k , .

T , E ’

Mk. T , F E I (FEI), -à- . I T, , q

6 M. C. P, “T: C

,” S. C N. T (.), Th Chgf S Su h M, IAI WkP, S ://../.=&=665

63 E. G, “T: ‘L j Béj Cï E’,” L M, F 8, ://../q////8/---------_4867_3.

, -, -à- . A , - - T, , -k. W U T ’I, C ’A(UTICA), B A’

, - ,64 WB, B A.T , C E C T (CONECT), , UTICA. A

T (.., , , ), k ,65 - T.

64 S B A, UTICA, S ’U M R, , k , , k

. T .65 I , T, S . A “CONECT, ,” Tu Nw,S 4, ://.-.//_53_+++.; “T: CONECT é é,”Wmg C, S 4, ://.//-38--------

F, -k . I E, SCAF - , , , , .66 I Mk,

P’A. T R C A, Mk, , -A P, , .

A T , - ,

H C P R(I S R Oj R), 45 , , U T S U UG.67 A, S A, B A , J . H,

66 M. C. P, “E: C ,” p

67 M. C. P, “T: C ,” p

-k , - . P , A M . M, (.., M J T L R J L) (.., Ak Mq U U G) q

3, CA O . I , , I k .68

What are the Prospects for Rethinking

Economic Policies and Reshaping

the Political Economy in the Post-Arab

Uprising?

I - , k

T E : k I , q . W I , , A , ,

68 T , , I ’ .

The Electoral Success of Islamist Parties

O , I E, T, M . T q . A-N T F J P (FJP) E q k , .69

B k k .7 A k , I , , , , . I E, , FJP

69 S “E B : M- k,” Ahm O, O 8, ://.../NC/3//5348/B/E/E-B--M--k.; “T’ E k k :A,” A O, O 7, ://.../NC/3//55/B/E/T-E-k--k----A..

7 F A-N, “H J ’ Sé 6 ,” Wmg, N 4, ://..//-348--j---------6---; “TI - ,” AhmO, O 6, ://.../NC/3//59/B/E/T-I----.; “T:E é ,”

AfquJ , N , ://.qj./--796.; F FJP, “E I ,” AhmO, D 8, ://.../NC/3//339/B/E/E-I------.

j-k,7 A-N P . M, - T ( C A) E ( P), I k k (.., T E) . H,

- ’ .

T , I T E, . W I j N A .T I

E T k , k j; I . I I k-

. I T, , A-N k

F , q I ’ . A,

7 S FJP , ://..k//739553-FJP-P-E

, I , , - , -à-

M, I , FJP E A-N T, , , k , , - . F , , , , - , ;

j.7 A , ,

q .73 I T, , A-N , , . T j .74 I

7 F FJP, F. E-S, “Q&A A SF J P A S G. T E FJP ,”

Bu T Egp , F , ://-.////I:36/Q-A--A-S/I:3

74 “T, E é ’ ,” G , N , ://../-/---------/--35.

, I - k Tk, A,L, G . I , - L . I , ,

- , , .

T - T E , k , q

. I E, I , , . T , k , , SCAF. I , , .R, , M B

FJP. M, I k k , . W M B , -Mk , k

, SCAF q . F, k SCAF, M B E ,75 -, k, , . I , k FJP Mk k . T k

I , k- , , - . Y, , , E .

A T , A-N

89 7 C A , , . A , A-N I E . M, T, ’ . T O

— A-N, C R, Ek — k ,

75 S ’ -à- M B.

k . N k . F ,H D, , B A .76 M, T E

- . A , , , Rk A, -- R G, A-N’, - , .

Opportunities and Challenges for Youth Activism

T E T . Y : - . T k

S Mk, E (.., A 6 , U R’ Y, R’

76 Y. R, “T q,” A Jz, A , ://.j.////3/337493543.

Y C, ) E , k .T k k , , ; Mk, , ; Mk’ ; . Y ’

, . A SCAFq , , ’ , q .

I T, B A,

G. Y , , O 3 , -k , , .77 I , k

77 A , k Duu, T, U TS, . S K. J, “T:O B,” Op Dm, D 8, ://../k-j/--

, .78 I , E , I J 5, , M B I q - .79

H, , k -k - . T E . I , , , ,

. I Mk Y R C (YRC), J 5 .8 P

78 F T, : Ik (“C”) J Ié- Dé Ak Mq(“ ”) , S A. F E,, , “L’ ”

H Mk LC A A F.

79 A. E S, “M B - ,” Th D S, J , - ://.../O/C//J-/6474----------.#KWNL9

8 I , C, J .

-à- SCAF, , E .8 G .

Y , , . T R C , k , . T , E, ’ . Y, , Mk, j k, , ,

k’.8 I , .

Conclusion

I k ’ N A , k

8 M. C. P, “E: C ,” p

8 T j , A 6 YM M E-B k E F , , k.

’ , - . T q . A, :

• k I L O

(ILO) ;

• k ;

• q ;

• j , .

A q - - . I , j k

, j, k , k , . A -

, , -, . I , -k .

A T E , , , . A , k k . H, I T E, . O , - , -

j ,I k k . O - . I , k- , , ,

j. I ,

k , . I , , (.., - , , , .),

T k , -k, . Y , j , , , , - . T , , ;k - -à- , - ; ; . T , , k . I , , k , k

k k (.., , ’ , ). F - , . I , .

k A . A , , , .

A H. A , , k, , - , j E, T, M , ,, , ’ . S j N A’ .T

8.T , , N A k / q , k .

I N A , G. G J.-Y.M , , k , . T NA . W

, - , q , . M, j , . P , C C, , q . Y,

E , M C P .D k- ,

N A k, , j k . T N A q. T FDI M, E, T j

j. M, , - j . A , q , q

Policy Implicationsfrom a Transatlantic Perspective

Maria Cristina Paciello4

k. L, - k, .

I , j , T E, A M, - . C k . I E T, - , - . A , N A k

, , , k , , .

A H. A, NA k , . T N A , ’ , ,

. I q, , N A k . T k k , N A ’ , , ,

, , , .83

W , G. G J.-Y. M , -

, ( ). T N A, ,

. M, k ,- , , .

A - , M. C. P. T . T :

• ( - )

83 S H. A’ . A L V C- I P M ://..//

• k k I L O (ILO) ;

• k ;

• q ;

• j , .

q - - . S N A , . T : k

, ; - ;

, .84 F , . C, , , , j . B , q , ’ , N A (

, , , .) -k, .85

T j T E - , M. C. P,

. I , j k , j, k , , , k , q (, , j, .), . M,

I , R. E M P. M, p ; R. B, “C D Nk R L, P A R E,” Bh Ju f M E Su, V. 38, I. 3,, . 39–45.

85 S R. B, . ; R. E M P. M, p ; D.S (.), C C: G, U Sp G M, T A U C P,9.

, , -, . M, (.., , , , ) -k. I,

- .O . A G. G J.-Y. M , - k NA .

A , k q -

. T I E, T, M k- , .86 I , H. A, k . S, A

A S, , G. G J.-Y.M. T , ,

86 S M. C. P’ .

k, T E, M. C. P .

Y, I T E, . O - , - j , I k k .87 T . M, , , -

A , j , , , - ; k - -à- , - ;

87 I; S. C, “T I Tj: FR P,” S C, P C,J K (.), Nw S-P A Nh

Af: A T Pp, F 4, , ://../-/_/____.

; . T , , k . I , , k , k k k (.., , ’ , ).88 F ,

. W , , , k- , .89

I , k N A :

, , .A , U S EU NA q. W EU U S ( ),

, E T. I - T E,

88 F , P. C, “C S,Y I,” S C, P C, JK (.), p

89 F E, R. B, p

’ N A ( ,, ) - . I , ’

W - N A , U S EU :

• A , k , ;9

• ( - - );

• k ;

- , EU U S . F , ,

9 A. Mk B. A, Th m f h A Spg,OxC Rh Pp 79, D ://....k/k//---3.

- , q N A , .

A , , EU U S, k NA , - ,9 -à- .C . F, - - , ,

.E , NA k “ ,” .

I , q ’ . I E T, , :

• j, , ;

9 H , p

• k ;

• q .9

B - , . F , . A , EU U S q N A

A , , . F, EU U S .T , -

(.., - -, , ,

9 J.-P. C N. T, “Rk EU’ M- P P-/,” IAI Wkg Pp, N. 6, ://..//DIAI/6.

, , ).

S, , EU U S - .93 I , EU U.S. N A j .

93 O, “P P R EU’ A S,” Oxfm Bfg N, N 4, ://..//..//------4-.

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