View
218
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
1/58
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
2/58
Data Gathering
ProcedureGROUP II
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
3/58
Introduction
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
4/58
Introduction
Data collection is a term used to describe a
process of preparing and collecting data
Systematic gathering of data for a particular
purpose from various sources, that has been
systematically observed, recorded, organied!
Data are the basic inputs to any decision
ma"ing process in business
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
5/58
Ob#ectivesD$%$ &O''(&%IO)
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
6/58
Objectives for Data Collection
%he purpose of data collection is*
to obtain information
to "eep on record
to ma"e decisions about important issues,
to pass information on to others
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
7/58
Sources of Data
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
8/58
Sources of Data
Primary
Secondary
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
9/58
Sources of Data: Primary
%he data +hich are collected from the
eld under the control and supervision o
an investigator
Primary data means original data that
has been collected specially for the
purpose in mind
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
10/58
Sources of Data: Primary
%his type of data are generally afresh
and collected for the rst time
It is useful for current studies as +ell as
for future studies
-or e.ample:your o+n /uestionnaire!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
11/58
Sources of Data: Primary
%his type of data are generally afresh
and collected for the rst time
It is useful for current studies as +ell as
for future studies
-or e.ample:your o+n /uestionnaire!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
12/58
Sources of Data: Primary
%his type of data are generally afresh
and collected for the rst time
It is useful for current studies as +ell as
for future studies
-or e.ample:your o+n /uestionnaire!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
13/58
Sources of Data: Primary -Advantages
%argeted Issues are addressed
Data interpretation is better
(0cient Spending for Information
Decency of Data
Proprietary Issues
$ddresses S ecic Research Issues
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
14/58
Sources of Data: Primary -Disadvantages
1igh &ost
%ime &onsuming
Inaccurate -eed*bac"s2ore number of resources is re/uired
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
15/58
Sources of Data: Secondary
Data gathered and recorded by someone
else prior to and for a purpose other
than the current pro#ect
Secondary data is data that has
been collected for another purpose!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
16/58
Sources of Data: Secondary
It involves less cost, time and e3ort
Secondary data is data that is being
reused! Usually in a di3erentconte.t!
-or e.ample4 data from a boo"!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
17/58
Sources of Data: Secondary -Advantages
(ase of $ccess
'o+ &ost to $c/uire
&larication of Research 5uestion
2ay $ns+er Research 5uestion
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
18/58
Sources of Data: Secondary -Disadvantages
5uality of Research
)ot Specic to Researcher6s )eeds
Incomplete Information
)ot %imely
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
19/58
%echni/uesD$%$ G$%1(RI)G
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
20/58
Data Gathering echni!ues
7!%he Direct or Intervie+ 2ethod
%he researcher has direct contact +ith
the intervie+ee! %he researcher gathers
information by as"ing /uestions to the
intervie+ee!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
21/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Direct or Intervie+ 2ethod
Example: Multiliver Company wouldinterview mallers regarding thei
favorite brand of toothpaste, soap o
shampoo.
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
22/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Direct or Intervie+ 2ethod
Pros: %he researcher can get moreaccurate ans+ers since clarication
can be made if the respondent does no
understand the /uestion!
Cons: %his method is costly and time
consuming
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
23/58
Data Gathering echni!ues
8!%he Indirect or 5uestionnaire 2ethod%he researcher ma"es use of a +ritte
/uestionnaire! %he researcher gives o
distributes the /uestionnaire to threspondents either by personal delivery or b
mail!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
24/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Indirect or 5uestionnaire 2ethod
Example: udo!u ada!o would send out"uestionnaires through e#mails
regarding people$s view and
familiari%ation on the game of sudo!u.
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
25/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Indirect or 5uestionnaire 2ethod
Pros:%he researcher can save on time andmoney in gathering the informatio
needed because /uestionnaires can b
given to a large number of respondentat the same time!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
26/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Indirect or 5uestionnaire 2ethod
Cons: %he researcher cannot e.pect that a
distributed /uestionnaires +ill be retrieve
because some respondents simply ignore th
/uestionnaires!
&larications cannot be made if th
respondent does not understand the /uestion
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
27/58
Data Gathering echni!ues
9! %he Registration 2ethod
%his method is governed by la+s!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
28/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Registration 2ethod
Example: &he number of registere
professionals 'an be found at th
Professional (egulation Commission
)P(C*. &he number of births and death
rates are registered in the +ationa
tatisti's -'e )+*.
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
29/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Registration 2ethod
Pros:%his method is the most reliable
since it is enforced by la+s!
Cons: Data are limited to +hat are listed in
the document!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
30/58
Data Gathering echni!ues
:! %he (.perimental 2ethod%his method is utilied to nd out
cause and e3ect relationships!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
31/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he (.perimental 2ethod
Example: Medi'al te'hnologists would li!e t!now the ee't of a new brand of vitamins o
the growth of toddlers. &he new brand will b
ta!en by a set of toddlers, while another se
will be given the already existing brand. &h
growth of toddlers will then be 'ompared t
determine whi'h vitamins is better.
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
32/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he (.perimental 2ethod
Pros: %his method goes beyond plaidescription of data!
Cons: &are should be ta"en on ma"ing
conclusions to the result of the
e.periment!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
33/58
Data Gathering echni!ues
;! %he Observation 2ethod$s the name itself indicates is
based on observation! Observation is
"een and scientic study of a problem!
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
34/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Observation 2ethod
Example: in a study of 'onsumerbehavior the investigator instead of
as!ing the brand of wrist wat'h
used by the respondent, may
himself loo! a the wat'h.
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
35/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Schedule 2ethod
It is a proforma containing a set o
/uestions! %his proforma is lled b
enumerators +ho are specially identied fo
the purpose! %he enumerators are person
acting under the direction of researchers
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
36/58
Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Schedule 2ethod
Re/uisite of a good schedule
$ccurate communication
Schedules must be attractive
Schedules must be attractive
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
37/58
Determining the Sample Sie
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
38/58
Slovin"s #ormula
+here n= sample sie
+= population sie
e= margin of error
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
39/58
Sampling %echni/ues
S li
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
40/58
Sam$ling
S$2P'I)G is the process of
selecting samples from a given
population.
S li h i
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
41/58
Sam$ling echni!ues:Probability Sam$ling
Probability Sampling
Samples are chosen in such a +ay
that each member of the population has
a "no+n though not necessarily e/ual
chance of being included in the samples
S li h i
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
42/58
Sam$ling echni!ues:Probability Sam$ling
$dvantages of Probability Sampling
7! It avoids biases!
8! It provides basis for calculating the margin
of error
S li h i
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
43/58
Sam$ling echni!ues:Probability Sam$ling -
%&am$lesSI2P'( R$)DO2 S$2P'I)G4 Samples arechosen at random +ith members of the population
having "no+n or sometimes e/ual probability or
chance of being included in the samples!
a> 'ottery
b> Sampling +ith the use of %able of Random
)umbers
S li h i
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
44/58
Sam$ling echni!ues:Probability Sam$ling -
%&am$lesS?S%(2$%I& R$)DO2
S$2P'I)G4 Samples are randomly
chosen follo+ing certain rules set by the
researchers
Sam$ling echni! es
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
45/58
Sam$ling echni!ues:Probability Sam$ling -
%&am$lesS%R$%I-I(D R$)DO2 S$2P'I)G%his method is used +hen the populatio
) is too big to handle, thus dividing )
into subgroups called S%R$%$!
Sam$ling echni!ues:
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
46/58
Sam$ling echni!ues:Probability Sam$ling -
%&am$les&'US%(R S$2P'I)G4 &lustersampling is sometimes called area
sampling because it is usually applied
+hen the population is large! Groups or
clusters instead of individuals are
randomly chosen!
Sam$ling echni!ues:
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
47/58
Sam$ling echni!ues:'on-Probability Sam$ling
)O) @ PROA$AI'I%?
S$2P'I)G4(ach member of the population does
not have a "no+n chance of beingincluded in the sample! Instead, persona
#udgement plays a very important role inthe selection!
Sam$ling echni!ues: 'on
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
48/58
Sam$ling echni!ues: 'on-Probability Sam$ling -
%&am$les&O)B()I()&( S$2P'I)G4
%his type is used because of the
convenience it o3ers to theresearcher!
Sam$ling echni!ues: 'on
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
49/58
Sam$ling echni!ues: 'on-Probability Sam$ling -
%&am$les5UO%$ S$2P'I)G4 %his is verysimilar to stratied random sampling!
%he only di3erence is that the selection
of the members of the samples in
stratied sampling is done randomly
Sam$ling echni!ues: 'on
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
50/58
Sam$ling echni!ues: 'on-Probability Sam$ling -
%&am$lesPURPOSIB( S$2P'I)G4
&hoosing the respondents on
the basis of predeterminedcriteria set by the researcher!
2argin of (rror
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
51/58
2argin of (rror
Chen +e use a sample, +e do not get the
actual value but #ust an estimate of the
parameter! 1ence, there is an error
associated +hen using the sample! Ce
call that the margin of error represented
by eE!
2argin of (rror
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
52/58
2argin of (rror
(.ample4 Suppose +e +ant to nd the average
age of the second year students of SRS%1S!
1o+ever, due to insu0cient time, only the
students in the third Foor +ere used to estima
the average height! Obviously, the result is nothe actual average height but #ust an estimate
and thus, there is really an error +hen +e use
the sample instead of the population!
(.ample In -inding the Sample
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
53/58
(.ample In -inding the SampleSie
$ group of researchers +ill conduct a survey nd out the opinion of residents of a particu
community regarding the hospital arrest
G2$! If there are 7; residents in t
community and the researchers plan to use
sample using a 7H margin of error, +h
should the sample sie be
(.ample In -inding the Sample
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
54/58
(.ample In -inding the SampleSie
$ group of researchers +ill conduct a survey nd out the opinion of residents of a particu
community regarding the hospital arrest
G2$! If there are 7; residents in t
community and the researchers plan to use
sample using a 7H margin of error, +h
should the sample sie be
(.ample In -inding the Sample
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
55/58
(.ample In -inding the SampleSie
J $ 7H margin of error means that theresearcher is KH condent that the resultobtained using the sample +ill closelyappro.imate the result had they used thepopulation!
(.ample In -inding the Sample
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
56/58
(.ample In -inding the SampleSie
$ group of researchers +ill conduct a survey nd out the opinion of residents of a particu
community regarding the hospital arrest
G2$! If there are 7; residents in t
community and the researchers plan to use
sample using a 7H margin of error, +h
should the sample sie be
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
57/58
%1$)L ?OUMMM
GROUP II
8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)
58/58
GROUP II
2i"ael Rodillas
Divine Berche
Romar Aigtas
1eion Samson
Daryl Nohn Reola
Nessamel Aelardo
Recommended