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Document reference R1.2-3.7.14-Tesco Burton-1011096-JPM.docx Page 1
Report
Hawkins Lane, Burton Upon
Trent
Environmental Noise
Assessment of a Proposed
Tesco Store Development
Prepared by
J P Murfitt BEng (Hons). MIOA
Date 3rd July 2014
Project No 1011096
lisa.robertsText BoxP/2014/01128
Received 27/08/14
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Contents
1.0 Introduction 3
2.0 Criteria 4
3.0 Survey Details 9
4.0 Assessment Details 11
5.0 Assessment Conclusions 19
Appendices
Appendix A Site Plan Showing Noise Measurement Locations
Appendix B Acoustic Terminology
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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Sharps Redmore Limited (SR) has been instructed by Tesco Stores Limited to undertake an environmental noise assessment for a proposed development at Hawkins Lane, Burton Upon Trent. SR have previously issued an assessment, dated 8th December 2010, for a similar proposal that was granted planning permission and two subsequent assessments in 2011 to address conditions upon that planning consent.
1.2 The proposed development will comprise a foodstore with associated petrol filling station, car parking and service yard. A non-food retail unit will adjoin the main store building and an A3/A5 unit is proposed in the North West corner of the site.
1.3 The assessment’s objective was to determine how noise from the proposed development would affect the amenities of existing local residents and receptors. In this respect SR has considered the following components of the development:
car parking activity
service yard activity
delivery vehicle activity on the access/egress road
home delivery activity
petrol filling station
traffic activity on the public highway
mechanical services plant
non-Tesco units
1.4 Each of these components is considered in turn, followed by a cumulative assessment.
1.5 Section 2 of this report contains an analysis of the appropriate assessment methodology and criteria for each of the components of noise listed in paragraph 1.3 above with respect to the Government’s Planning Policy and relevant British Standards.
1.6 To a certain extent, the impact from a given noise source is a function of the existing noise climate of an area. Section 3 of this report sets out the findings of a noise survey undertaken in the area. Section 4 contains the assessment findings for each of the component sources listed at paragraph 1.3 above and Section 5 contains the conclusions of the assessment.
1.7 A location plan showing the noise measurement locations is included as Appendix A and Appendix B includes an explanation of acoustical terminology used.
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2.0 Criteria
2.1 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) sets out the Government’s economic, environmental and social planning policies for England and “these policies articulate the
Government’s vision of sustainable development.” In respect of noise, Paragraph 123 of
the NPPF states the following:
“Planning policies and decisions should aim to:
avoid noise from giving rise to significant adverse impacts27 on health and quality of
life as a result of new development
mitigate and reduce to a minimum other adverse impacts27 on health and quality of life
arising from noise from new development, including through the use of conditions,
recognise that development will often create some noise and existing businesses
wanting to develop in continuance of their business should not have unreasonable
restriction put on them because of changes in nearby land uses since they were
established;28 and
identify and protect areas of tranquillity which have remained relatively undisturbed by
noise and are prized for their recreational and amenity value for this reason”
27 See Explanatory Note to the Noise Policy Statement for England (Department for the Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs).
28 Subject to the provisions of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 and other relevant law.
2.2 The NPPF reinforces the March 2010 DEFRA publication, “Noise Policy Statement for
England” (NPSE), which states three policy aims, as follows:
“Through the effective management and control of environmental, neighbour and
neighbourhood noise within the context of Government policy on sustainable
development:
avoid significant adverse impacts on health and quality of life;
mitigate and minimise adverse impacts on health and quality of life; and
where possible, contribute to the improvement of health and quality of life.”
2.3 Together, the first two aims require that no significant adverse impact should occur and
that, where a noise level which falls between a level which represents the lowest
observable adverse effect and a level which represents a significant observed adverse
effect, then according to the explanatory notes in the statement:
“… all reasonable steps should be taken to mitigate and minimise adverse effects on
health and quality of life whilst also taking into consideration the guiding principles of
sustainable development. This does not mean that such effects cannot occur.”
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2.4 It is possible to apply objective standards to the assessment of noise and the effect produced by the introduction of a certain noise source may be determined by several methods, as follows:
i) The effect may be determined by reference to guideline noise values. British Standard (BS) 8233:2014 and World Health Organisation (WHO) “Guidelines for Community Noise” contain such guidelines.
ii) Alternatively, the impact may be determined by considering the change in noise level that would result from the proposal, in an appropriate noise index for the characteristic of the noise in question. There are various criteria linking change in noise level to effect. This is the method that is suited to, for example, the assessment of noise from road traffic because it is capable of displaying impact to all properties adjacent to a road link irrespective of their distance from the road.
iii) Another method is to compare the resultant noise level against the background noise
level (LA90) of the area. This is the method employed by BS 4142:1997 to determine
the likelihood of complaint from noise of an industrial nature. It is best suited to the
assessment of steady or pseudo-steady noise.
Guideline noise values
2.5 There are a number of guidance documents that contain recommended guideline noise values. These are discussed below.
2.6 British Standard 8233:2014 is principally intended to assist in the design of new dwellings; however, the Standard does state that it may be used in the assessment of noise from new sources being brought to existing dwellings.
2.7 The WHO guideline values are appropriate to what are termed “critical health effects”. This means that the limits are at the lowest noise level that would result in any psychological or physiological effect.
2.8 The WHO/BS 8233 guideline noise values are summarised in the following table:
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TABLE 1: WHO/BS 8233 guideline noise values
Document Level Guidance
World Health Organisation “Community Noise 2000”
LAeqT = 55 dB Serious annoyance, daytime and evening.
(Continuous noise, outdoor living areas)
LAeqT = 50 dB Moderate annoyance, daytime and evening.
(Continuous noise, outdoor living areas).
LAeqT = 35 dB Moderate annoyance, daytime and evening.
(Continuous noise, dwellings, indoors)
LAeqT = 30 dB Sleep disturbance, night-time (indoors)
LAMAX = 60 dB Sleep disturbance, windows open at
night. (Noise peaks outside bedrooms, external level).
LAMAX = 45 dB Sleep disturbance at night (Noise peaks inside
bedrooms, internal level)
BS 8233:2014 “Sound
Insulation and noise
reduction for buildings”
LAeqT = 55 dB Upper limit for external steady noise. (gardens
and patios).
LAeqT = 50 dB Desirable limit for external steady noise.
(gardens and patios).
LAeq 16 hours = 35 dB Resting, living room day. (Internal – steady noise)
LAeq 16 hours = 40 dB Dining, dining room day. (Internal – steady noise)
LAeq 16 hour = 35 dB Sleeping, bedroom day
(Internal – steady noise)
LAeq 8 hours = 30 dB Sleeping, bedroom night (Internal – steady noise)
2.9 For LAeqT criteria the time base (T) given in the documents is 16 hours for daytime limits
and 8 hours for night time limits. When assessing impact, this has the tendency to smooth
out the hourly variations in noise level. As such, our calculations are carried out to a 1
hour time base, which is a more stringent assessment than is given in the guidance
documents.
Changes in noise level
2.10 Changes in noise levels of less than 3 dBA are not perceptible under normal conditions
and changes of 10 dBA are equivalent to a doubling of loudness. This guidance has been
accepted by inspectors, at inquiry, to encompass changes in noise levels in the index LAeqT.
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2.11 The following table shows the response to changes in noise (known as a semantic scale):
TABLE 2: Change in noise level
Change in noise level LAeqT dB
Response Impact
15 - Severe
Assessment of Fixed Plant BS 4142:1997
2.12 As explained, this British Standard enables the likelihood of complaint to be determined
according to the following summary process:
i) Determine the background noise levels, in terms of the index LA90, at the receptor
locations of interest.
ii) Determine the specific noise level of the source being assessed, in terms of its LAeqT
level (T = 1 hour for day or 5 minutes for night), at the receptor location of interest.
iii) Correct (penalise) the rating level, if the source noise is of tonal or intermittent
nature so as to attract attention. The correction factor is 5 dB. The resultant level is
termed the rating noise level.
iv) Compare the rating noise level with the background noise level; the greater the
difference between the two, the higher the likelihood of noise complaint.
v) Differences (rating – background) of around +10 dB indicate that complaints are
likely; a difference of +5 dB is of marginal significance; a difference of –10 dB is a
positive indication that complaints are unlikely.
vi) The general intent of the planning system is to ensure that a development does not
result in “significant adverse impacts on health and quality of life.” The avoidance of
this is, in our judgement, equivalent to the BS 4142 marginal significance criterion of
+5 dB, although common for a planning condition to require a rating level not to
exceed the background noise level, subject to a minimum requirement (see below),
of 35 dB
vii) It should be noted that the scope and methodology of the standard do not apply
where background noise levels are low (i.e. less than 30 dB LA90) or for rating levels
which are lower than 35 dB. It is our view, therefore, that in order to pass the
“reasonableness” test (NPPF, paragraph 206, Government Circular 11/95) no
planning condition should require a rating of less than “very low”.
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Methodologies Selected
2.13 With all of the above comments in mind, the components of noise have been assessed as
follows:
i) mechanical services plant - BS 4142:1997
ii) delivery activity - guideline values
iii) car parking activity - guideline values
iv) road traffic - change in noise level
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3.0 Survey Details
3.1 Surveys of noise levels were undertaken during the daytime of Tuesday 11th March 2014
(1300-1600) and during the quietest period of the early morning of Wednesday 12th
March 2014 (0200-0400).
3.2 The weather during the daytime survey was dry, warm and sunny (1/8 cover) with a
temperature of around 14oC. There was a gentle breeze from the East North East (less
than 5ms-1). During the early morning survey the weather remained dry with similar wind
and a reduced temperature of around 4oC. All roads were dry at all times.
3.3 Three measurement locations were used during the surveys and represent the closest
sensitive properties to the development. Location 1 was near 17 Hawkins Lane, 9m from
the kerb. Location 2 was on the pavement between 11 and 12 Hawkins Lane, 2 metres
from the kerb. Location 3 was on the pavement between 102 and 103 Horninglow Street,
2 metres from the kerb. Appendix A shows these locations on a site layout plan.
3.4 All measurements were undertaken using a Norsonic type 140 sound level meter. The
meter allows direct measurement of the following indices: LA10,T, LA90,T, LAeq,T and LAmax (see
Appendix B). All measurements were taken at approximately 1.5 metres above the
ground and are considered free-field levels except Location 2 which was a ‘façade’
location next to a brick wall. Immediately before and after each set of measurements
were carried out, the SLM was calibrated using a Norsonic type 1251 acoustic calibrator
with a maximum variation in level of just 0.1 dB.
3.5 The following levels were recorded:
Table 3: Noise Measurement Results at Location 1: 17 Hawkins Lane
Time Noise Level (dB)
LA10,T LA90,T LAeq,T LAmax
1300-1315 68.8 50.4 64.6 75.7
1425-1440 69.7 50.7 65.8 77.6
1500-1515 68.9 51.2 65.7 77.7
0223-0228 59.9 36.2 61.1 78.8
0300-0305 57.3 38.0 52.6 63.4
0314-0319 59.8 38.3 55.0 64.4
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Table 4: Measurement Results at Location 2: 11/12 Hawkins Lane (Façade)
Table 5: Noise Measurement Results at Location 3: 102/103 Horninglow Street
3.6 Daytime noise levels at all locations were dominated by road traffic noise from local and
distant roads. This included heavy vehicles visiting the Coors brewery facility with its
entrance near to Location 2.
3.7 At night (0200-0400), road traffic was the dominant noise source including mostly distant
traffic noise and occasional vehicles on local roads. Some birdsong was also noticeable.
Time Noise Level (dB)
LA10,T LA90,T LAeq,T LAmax
1317-1332 72.4 50.5 69.3 85.8
1443-1458 71.7 51.0 67.5 80.8
1517-1532 72.5 51.1 69.0 82.6
0230-0235 57.2 39.7 54.9 71.5
0307-0312 55.9 38.1 51.1 62.9
0321-0326 59.4 39.5 56.1 69.0
Time Noise Level (dB)
LA10,T LA90,T LAeq,T LAmax
1342-1357 78.0 64.8 74.9 85.4
1400-1415 77.4 62.9 73.7 83.8
1540-1555 78.3 63.8 74.9 82.8
0241-0246 64.1 37.1 66.8 84.6
0247-0252 70.2 36.9 69.6 83.8
0332-0337 64.1 39.0 67.2 87.7
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4.0 Assessment Details
Car Park Activity 4.1 SR has undertaken an extensive series of measurements around the boundary of Tesco
car parks. From these measurements it has been found that sound levels at 10 metres
from the boundary of a car park vary from LAeq,1hr = 43 to 48 dB during the day period.
Peak levels, from door/boot slams are “worst-case”, typically, LAmax= 66 dB at 10 metres.
4.2 The higher LAeq,T noise levels occur at car park locations that are relatively close to the
entrance of the store building and at peak trading periods.
4.3 Using the baseline noise levels displayed in paragraph 4.1 above, with due allowance for
distance attenuation and reflection from the building façade and 10 dB allowance for
attenuation from proposed screening, the noise levels at the nearest property (17-19
Hawkins Road, 15 metres away) would range from LAeq,1hr = 32 to 37 dB.
4.4 At night customers have typically been found to park within 30 metres of the store
entrance, which would lead to a night time LAmax of 58 dB at the nearest residential
properties (first floor, no attenuation assumed).
4.5 It can be seen that noise from car park activity would be below the daytime and night
time WHO guideline values and BS 8233:2014 values (Table 1 above, assuming a 10-15 dB
reduction for noise through open windows) indicating that there would be no effect from
noise.
4.6 Therefore it is concluded that noise from car park activity would not be disturbing.
Service Yard Activity
4.7 In order to calculate noise levels from service yard activity at proposed stores, SR has
undertaken an extensive series of surveys at existing yards.
4.8 From these surveys the following baseline levels have been established:
Table 6: Baseline Service Yard Activity Noise Levels
Event
LAmax, dB Arrival Unloading Departure
Level (dB) Duration (mins) Level (dB) Duration (mins) Level (dB) Duration (mins)
69 2.5 66 30.0 72 0.5 79
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4.9 The noise emission levels displayed are maxima, and are applicable at 10 metres from the
activity.
4.10 Using these baseline noise levels the noise emission levels at the façade of the nearest
residential premises, 171 Hawkins Lane, have been calculated. The LAeq,1hr would be 37 dB
and the LAmax level would be 54 dB. The values include an assumed screening attenuation
of 10 dB for the intervening buildings and 2m boundary fencing. These values are below
the daytime and night time WHO guideline values and so no effects would occur.
4.11 Therefore it is concluded that noise from service activity would not be disturbing.
Traffic activity on the site access/egress road – delivery vehicles
4.12 From previous SR measurements of delivery vehicle pass-bys at speeds typical for those
found on service roads such as this, a delivery type vehicle is indicated as generating an
LAmax = 75 dB at 10 metres.
4.13 To enable an assessment to be made over a period of time, the Single Event Noise level
(SEL) for each vehicular movement must be established. In practice this is limited to the
time during which the actual noise is within 10 dB(A) of the maximum and may be
approximated from:
SEL = LAmax + ∆A, where
∆A = 10 log (((t2 - t1)/2)tref), and
t1 and t2 are the 10 dB down points of a vehicle drive-by and tref is one second. (Source -
The Noise Council = “A guide to measurement and prediction of the Equivalent
Continuous Sound Level”).
4.14 The 10 dB down points can be calculated on the basis of vehicle speed and the
attenuation with distance that would be experienced as a vehicle approaches and departs
the reception point. For the vehicle speed of 32kph (20mph), ∆A = 5 dB and the resulting
SEL is 80 dB(A) at 10 metres.
4.15 The LAeq,T can now be calculated from the equation:
LAeq,T = SEL + 10 log n - 10 log T - 10 log d1/10 - screening + 10 log (angle of view/180)
where
n = number of events in the time period
T = number of seconds in the time period
d1 = distance from centre line of road to receiver
angle of view = angle of view of the access road
4.16 The nearest noise sensitive premise is 17 Hawkins Lane at a distance of 15 metres from
the centre of the service road. The maximum angle of view of the service road is taken as
120 degrees and 10 dB screening attenuation has been included.
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4.17 For a store such as this it is reasonable to assume a reasonable worst case average of 2
delivery vehicle movements (1 each way) for each hour of the daytime period. Some of
these movements will be of large articulated vehicles and the others will be smaller
vehicles and therefore this prediction using data for larger delivery vehicles is
conservative. This results in a calculated (facade) daytime noise exposure at the nearest
nearby noise sensitive residential property of LAeq,1hr = 34 dB.
4.18 It can be seen that daytime noise from vehicles on the service road are below the
guideline values (Table 1 above).
4.19 For night time, the consideration must also be for the sleep disturbance criterion which is
based on the LAmax noise levels. On the basis of an LAmax of 75 dB (free field) at 10 metres,
the maximum unmitigated noise level at the first floor façade of 17 Hawkins Lane (with no
attenuation assumed) is calculated as LAmax = 74 dB(A), above the WHO guideline value for
night.
4.20 The existing planning permission for a Tesco store on this site mitigated this by not
permitting deliveries between 2300 and 0600 and this condition could again be applied
(for operational reasons, it is desirable for delivery vehicles to arrive on site from 0600 for
daily deliveries of produce such as milk, bread and newspapers when existing noise levels
are already rising).
4.21 This approach would mean that any effects from delivery noise would be negligible.
Home Shopping Activity
4.22 SR has obtained noise data for the home shopping activities at several superstores. In
noise terms there are two activities: firstly, there is the period when the van’s on-board
refrigeration equipment is used to provide the initial cooling of the refrigerated section
which takes about one hour, secondly, there is a period of up to two hours where the van
is being loaded and the refrigeration equipment operates intermittently. SR understand
that the use of the refrigeration plant is only needed in the morning; during the
remainder of the day sufficient refrigeration takes place when the van is on its rounds.
4.23 The collected data is shown below. It will be noted that the actual loading activity is not
noisy. The noise of the refrigeration equipment is continuous for the first hour at LAeq,1hr =
57 dB, normalised to 10 metres. After this, the loading commences and during this
activity the refrigeration equipment operates for about 20% of the time which gives a
noise level of LAeq,1hr = 50 dB at 10 metres. It is considered that the intermittent operation
of the refrigeration equipment attracts a 5 dB(A) character “penalty” for a BS 4142
assessment.
Home shopping activity rating noise levels at 10 metres
Initial cooling phase: LAeq, 1hr = 57 dB
Loading phase: LAeq, 1hr = 55 dB
(with 5 dB penalty for intermittent cooling)
Loading activity: LAeq, 1hr = 37 dB
(no cooling)
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4.24 The proposed plan shows five home shopping delivery vehicles in the service yard.
Assuming that each loading bay is occupied the rating noise levels above could be
increased by 7 dB(A).
4.25 The distance between the home shopping vehicle loading bays and the closest residential
property, 171 Hawkins Lane is 150 metres. Taking into account distance attenuation
(20 log 10/150 = -24 dB) and with an assumed 10 dB screening attenuation from the
intervening buildings (including the proposed store) considered, the resultant worse case
(i.e. five home shopping vehicles, on the initial cooling phase, operating simultaneously)
rating noise level from home shopping activities at 1 metre from the façade will be
LAeq,1hr = 30 dB (57+7-24-10).
4.26 Background noise levels (LA90,T) in this area during the previous measurement survey for
the period 0600-0700 were at least 47 dB. Using the measured values, an assessment to
BS 4142 would result in a difference of = -17 dB(A) which is 7 dB below the level where
complaints are unlikely and thus meets the requirements of PPS 1 that “significant
environmental impacts should be avoided”.
4.27 Therefore it is concluded that noise from home shopping activity would not be disturbing.
Petrol Filling Station
4.28 The proposed site layout plan drawing shows a six island pump forecourt. The nearest
noise sensitive properties to the petrol filling station (PFS) are 7-12 Hawkins Lane,
approximately 30 metres away to the south.
4.29 SR has undertaken noise measurements of activity at PFS forecourts. The noise level of
these activities was found to not exceed LAeq,1hr = 55 dB at 10 metres (daytime - no
operation of the PFS forecourt is proposed at night). Assuming these noise levels
throughout the day is considered very much ‘worst case’ leading to a robust assessment.
These noise levels were measured in free field conditions.
4.30 The distance attenuation to properties in Hawkins Lane is 10 dB (using 20 log 10/30) and
therefore calculated PFS forecourt activity noise levels at 1 metre from the façade of the
property will therefore be LAeq 1 hour = 48 dB (55-10+3).
4.31 This level is below the guidance noise values for noise during the daytime period and
therefore there will be no adverse noise effects.
Traffic Activity on the Public Highway
4.32 For the 2010 assessment, SR used traffic flow data by Transport Planning Associates, the
project transport and traffic consultants and predicted a maximum change in noise level
of 0.6 dB from traffic on any road in the vicinity of the store. These changes were
therefore below 3 dB and imperceptible and the assessment concluded that changes in
road traffic noise would not be disturbing.
4.33 For the current proposals, Transport Planning Associates have calculated, as reported in
their Transport Assessment, that there will be “significantly lower volumes of traffic” due
to these proposals compared to the 2012 consented scheme and therefore predicted
noise levels due to road traffic will be lower than previously forecast and the conclusion
remains that changes in road traffic noise would not be disturbing.
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Mechanical Services Plant
4.34 There will be a need for mechanical services plant as part of this development. This will
need to be controlled to preserve the amenity of existing residential and other noise
sensitive properties. It is recommended that the Rating Noise level from plant should be
controlled so as not to exceed a level more than 5 dB higher than the existing minimum
background noise level (see Appendix B) which would conform to the requirements of
NPPF to avoid “significant adverse impacts”.
4.35 With the results of surveys in mind, a recommended condition is as follows:
“The rating level of noise emitted from fixed plant and equipment on site during the day period of 0700 to 2300 hours shall not exceed LAeq,1hr = 55 dB at any existing noise sensitive premises and during the night period of 2300 to 0700 hours shall not exceed LAeq,5min = 41 dB at any existing noise sensitive premises. The measurements and assessment shall be made according to BS 4142:1997.”
4.36 This condition is based on model condition 17 of PPG 24, Annex 4 and is considered
achievable using mitigation as necessary.
4.37 The 2010 Planning Permission included a condition requiring a “BS 4142 Noise Impact
Assessment in respect of fixed plant and machinery to demonstrate that noise levels
emitted from these will not exceed background noise levels as measures ta the nearest
noise sensitive receptors” . A report to address this, using the selected plant at that time,
was produced by SR in November 2011 and showed compliance with the required noise
levels.
Non-Tesco Units
4.38 The usage of the other non-food retail space, adjacent to the main store, and the A3/A5
unit to the north west of the site will not generate any significant noise that could affect
nearby residential users other than potential noise sources that have already been
discussed for the main store. Furthermore, all distances involved are equal to or greater
than those assessed for the main store and there is a 2m brick wall proposed between the
A3/A5 unit and the nearest residential property, 98 Horninglow Street. The proposed
condition for mechanical services plant should be applied to the whole development.
Cumulative Effects
4.39 For each individual receptor listed below the cumulative noise level will include
contributions from a mixture of the following:
assessment value (from above) for that property group as corrected for individual
property location etc. where not shown above.
2011 Mechanical Services Noise Assessment (re Planning Condition 6)
4.40 Maximum noise levels (LAmax) from transient events (e.g. service vehicle pass-by, customer
car door slams) will be distinct from one another and therefore will not combine to give a
cumulative noise level.
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171-178 Hawkins Lane
4.41 These properties will be subject to the following daytime noise levels (LAeq,16hr)
Car Park Activity: 34 dB (70m)
Service Yard Activity: 39 dB
Service Road Traffic: 32 dB (60m, 5 dB screening)
Home Shopping: 35 dB (110m)
Petrol Filling Station: 32 dB (110m, 5 dB screening)
Mechanical Services Plant: 33 dB
TOTAL, LAeq,16hr (daytime) 43 dB
4.42 These properties will be subject to the following night time noise levels (LAeq,8hr):
Car Park Activity: 28 dB
Home Shopping: 26 dB (1 hour of operation)
Mechanical Services Plant: 32 dB
TOTAL, LAeq,8hr (night time) 34 dB
17-20 Hawkins Lane
4.43 These properties will be subject to the following daytime noise levels (LAeq,16hr):
Car Park Activity: 37 dB
Service Yard Activity: 37 dB
Service Road Traffic: 34 dB
Home Shopping: 35 dB (110m)
Petrol Filling Station: 36 dB (40m, 10 dB screening)
Mechanical Services Plant: 31 dB
TOTAL, LAeq,16hr (daytime) 43 dB
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4.44 For night time these properties are assessed at first floor level (bedrooms) which benefits
less from the attenuation provided by the proposed screening. They will be subject to the
following night time noise levels (LAeq,8hr):
Car Park Activity: 35 dB
Home Shopping: 26 dB (1 hour of operation)
Mechanical Services Plant: 31 dB
TOTAL, LAeq,8hr (night time) 37 dB
7-12 Hawkins Lane
4.45 These properties will be subject to the following daytime noise levels (LAeq,16hr):
Car Park Activity: 40 dB (35m)
Service Yard Activity: 35 dB (135m to docks)
Service Road Traffic: 39 dB (12m, 45 degree view)
Home Shopping: 33 dB (145m)
Petrol Filling Station: 48 dB
Mechanical Services Plant: 30 dB
TOTAL, LAeq,16hr (daytime) 49 dB
4.46 These properties will be subject to the following night time noise levels (LAeq,8hr):
Car Park Activity: 33 dB
Home Shopping: 24 dB (1 hour of operation)
Mechanical Services Plant: 29 dB
TOTAL, LAeq,8hr (night time) 35 dB
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98-105 Horninglow Street
4.47 These properties will be subject to the following daytime noise levels (LAeq,16hr):
Car Park Activity: 37 dB (15m, 10 dB screening from brick wall)
Service Yard Activity: 34 dB (145m to docks)
Service Road Traffic: 24 dB (80m, 90 degree view, 10 dB atten’n)
Home Shopping: 33 dB (145m)
Petrol Filling Station: 34 dB (50m, 10 dB attenuation)
Mechanical Services Plant: 26 dB
TOTAL, LAeq,16hr (daytime) 41 dB
4.48 These properties will be subject to the following night time noise levels (LAeq,8hr):
Car Park Activity: 32 dB (55m to cars, no attenuation)
Home Shopping: 24 dB (1 hour of operation)
Mechanical Services Plant: 25 dB
TOTAL, LAeq,8hr (night time) 33 dB
4.49 The cumulative noise assessment has shown that noise from the development will be
below the daytime and night time guideline values (Table 1) at all residential properties
indicating that there would be no effects from noise.
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5.0 Assessment Conclusions
5.1 The report includes a noise assessment of a proposed Tesco store at Hawkins Lane,
Burton Upon Trent.
5.2 The report assesses proposed noise sources in relation to existing residential properties.
Noise sources considered include car parking activity, service activity, service vehicle
activity on the site access / egress road, home delivery activity, the petrol filling station,
traffic activity on the public highway, mechanical services plant and non-foodstore units.
5.3 During the night time period, maximum noise levels from service vehicles on the site
access / egress road would be above WHO guideline levels. It is therefore proposed to
limit deliveries to 0600-2300 in line with the conditioned 2010 planning permission.
5.4 A planning condition is recommended to control noise from mechanical services plant so
as the rating level according to BS 4142 does not exceed the measured minimum
background noise level plus 5 dB.
5.5 Noise from all other activities will be within British Standard and WHO guidelines at all
residential properties for both the daytime and night time periods and therefore there
will be no noise effects from this development.
APPENDIX A
SITE PLAN SHOWING NOISE MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS
Figure 1: Site Plan Showing Noise Measurement Locations
Location 2 Location 1
Location 3
APPENDIX B
ACOUSTIC TERMINOLOGY
Acoustic Terminology
AMBIENT NOISE
The total encompassing sound in a given situation at a given time. Most often described in terms
of the index LAeqT.
DECIBEL (dB)
The ratio of sound pressures that we can hear is a ratio of 106 (one million:one). For
convenience, therefore, a logarithmic measurement scale is used. The resulting parameter is
called the ‘sound pressure level’ (Lp) and the associated measurement unit is the decibel (dB). As
the decibel is a logarithmic ratio, the laws of logarithmic addition and subtraction apply. The
threshold of normal hearing is in the region of 0 dB, and 140 dB is the threshold of pain. A change
of 1 dB is only perceptible under controlled conditions.
dB(A)
The unit generally used for measuring environmental, traffic or industrial noise is the A-weighted
sound pressure level in decibels, denoted dB(A). An ‘A’-weighting network can be built into a
sound level measuring instrument such that sound levels in dB(A) can be read directly from a
meter. The weighting is based on the frequency response of the human ear and has been found
to correlate well with human subjective reactions to various sounds. A change of 3 dB(A) is the
minimum perceptible under normal conditions, and a change of 10 dB(A) corresponds to a
subjective halving or doubling of the loudness of a sound.
EQUIVALENT CONTINUOUS SOUND LEVEL
An index often used for the assessment of overall noise exposure is the equivalent continuous
sound level, Leq. This is a notional steady level which would, over a given period of time, deliver
the same sound energy as the actual time-varying sound over the same period. Hence
fluctuating levels can be described in terms of a single figure level. The ‘A’ weighted statistical
sound level over a time period, T, is denoted LAeq,T.
FAÇADE NOISE LEVEL
The noise level adjacent to the façade of a building, usually at a distance of 1 metre.
FREE FIELD NOISE LEVEL
The noise level away from the façade of a building or other structure.
HERTZ (Hz)
Unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second. Frequency is related to the pitch of a sound.
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM NOISE LEVELS
The maximum and minimum noise level identified during a measurement period. Experimental
data has shown that the human ear does not generally register the full loudness of transient
sound events of less than 125 ms. Fast time weighting has an exponential time constant of 125
ms which reflects the ear’s response. The maximum level measured with fast time weighting is
denoted as LAmax,f. The minimum level measured with fast time weighting is denoted as LAmin,f.
Slow time weighting (S) with an exponential time constant of 1s is used to allow more accurate
estimation of the average sound level on a visual display.
STATISTICAL NOISE LEVELS
For levels of noise that vary widely with time, for example road traffic noise, it is necessary to
employ an index which allows for this variation. The L10, the level exceeded for ten per cent of
the time period under consideration, has been adopted in this country for the assessment of
road traffic noise. The L90, the level exceeded for ninety per cent of the time, has been adopted
to represent the background noise level. ‘A’ weighted statistical noise levels are generally used
and are denoted LA10, LA90 etc. The reference time period (T) is normally included, e.g. LA10, 5min or
LA90,8hr. LA10(18 hour) is the arithmetic average of the 18 individual LA10,1hr values between 06:00
and 24:00.
TYPICAL LEVELS
Some typical noise levels are given below:
Noise Level dB(A) Example
130 Threshold of pain
120 Jet aircraft take-off at 100 metres
110 Chain saw at 1 metre
100 Inside disco
90 Heavy lorries at 5 metres
80 Kerbside of busy street
70 Loud radio (in typical domestic room)
60 Office or restaurant
50 Domestic fan heater at 1metre
40 Living room
30 Theatre
20 Remote countryside on still night
10 Sound insulated test chamber
0 Threshold of hearing
Recommended