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Renewable Energy SourcesRenewable Energy Sources
Cleaner Cars, Cleaner FuelsCleaner Cars, Cleaner Fuels
Cars release a lot of pollutionCars release a lot of pollution 20052005
Bush administrationBush administration 7% improvement in 7% improvement in
mileagemileage 22.2 mpg22.2 mpg
Diesel engines need workDiesel engines need work
Electrical Generation CostsElectrical Generation Costs
Solar EnergySolar Energy Energy directly from the sunEnergy directly from the sun ProsPros
Tremendous amountTremendous amount Always availableAlways available Doesn’t polluteDoesn’t pollute
ConsCons Must be collectedMust be collected Expensive to set upExpensive to set up
Passive Solar HeatingPassive Solar Heating
No mechanical devices to distribute heatNo mechanical devices to distribute heat New home designNew home design Room temperature is Room temperature is
steadysteady ConvectionConvection Save on heating!Save on heating!
A Passive Solar HomeA Passive Solar Home
Photovoltaic (PV) Solar CellsPhotovoltaic (PV) Solar Cells
Convert sunlight into electricityConvert sunlight into electricity Thin wafers or filmsThin wafers or films No pollutionNo pollution Minimal maintenanceMinimal maintenance
Photovoltaic (PV) Solar CellsPhotovoltaic (PV) Solar Cells
Can be used in remote areasCan be used in remote areas Good choice for developing Good choice for developing
countries: why?countries: why? School, home useSchool, home use
Photovoltaic (PV) Solar CellsPhotovoltaic (PV) Solar Cells
Can look like conventional roofingCan look like conventional roofing Prices are coming downPrices are coming down Future progress is criticalFuture progress is critical
Solar Thermal Electric Solar Thermal Electric GenerationGeneration
Sun’s energy concentrated by Sun’s energy concentrated by mirrors, lensesmirrors, lenses
Heat a working fluidHeat a working fluid Fluid is circulated to Fluid is circulated to
boil waterboil water Steam generates Steam generates
electricityelectricity
Solar Thermal Electric Solar Thermal Electric GenerationGeneration
Backup system neededBackup system needed Very efficientVery efficient No pollution No pollution
producedproduced Must be cost- Must be cost-
competitivecompetitive
Hydrogen As A Fuel SourceHydrogen As A Fuel Source
Could be the fuel of the futureCould be the fuel of the future Where does the hydrogen come from?Where does the hydrogen come from? ElectrolysisElectrolysis Must use renewable fuel source to Must use renewable fuel source to
obtain the hydrogen!obtain the hydrogen! Few pollutants produced when burnedFew pollutants produced when burned Can be used for transportationCan be used for transportation
Biomass EnergyBiomass Energy
Wood, plants, animal wastesWood, plants, animal wastes Half of human population Half of human population
relies on for Cooking, heating relies on for Cooking, heating ProsPros
Potentially renewable: Potentially renewable: why?why?
ConsCons Burned to release energy & Burned to release energy &
pollutantspollutants
BiogasBiogas Mixture of gasesMixture of gases Similar to natural gasSimilar to natural gas Animal wastesAnimal wastes Biogas digestersBiogas digesters
Decompose wastesDecompose wastes Use gas for cooking, lightingUse gas for cooking, lighting Solid remains are fertilizerSolid remains are fertilizer
Can also be used to power fuel cellsCan also be used to power fuel cells
Biogas DigesterBiogas Digester
Biomass As A Liquid FuelBiomass As A Liquid Fuel
Methanol, ethanolMethanol, ethanol Gasohol: mix gasoline and ethanolGasohol: mix gasoline and ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel
Plant, animal oilsPlant, animal oils Becoming more popularBecoming more popular Burns cleaner than regular dieselBurns cleaner than regular diesel
EthanolEthanol
Sugarcane, corn, wood, agricultural Sugarcane, corn, wood, agricultural and municipal wastesand municipal wastes
Government subsidizesGovernment subsidizes Good outlet for some wastesGood outlet for some wastes ProblemsProblems
Land and water useLand and water use Soil erosionSoil erosion Decreased food productionDecreased food production
Wind EnergyWind Energy Need steady windsNeed steady winds Fastest growing energy sourceFastest growing energy source Pro:Pro:
No waste, emissionsNo waste, emissions Costs are decliningCosts are declining
Denmark is a world Denmark is a world leaderleader
Great Plains of U.S.Great Plains of U.S.
Wind Power Is On The Rise!Wind Power Is On The Rise!
Wind Energy ProblemsWind Energy Problems
Birds and bats killed by turbinesBirds and bats killed by turbines Avoid migration routesAvoid migration routes Operate only at certain timesOperate only at certain times Monitor the projectMonitor the project
Visual pollutionVisual pollution Maple Ridge, NYMaple Ridge, NY Massachusetts coastMassachusetts coast
HydropowerHydropower
Flowing or falling Flowing or falling water spins turbineswater spins turbines
Most efficient way to Most efficient way to produce produce electricityelectricity
19% world’s 19% world’s electricityelectricity
2200 U.S. plants2200 U.S. plants
Hydropower ProblemsHydropower Problems Damages ecosystem, speciesDamages ecosystem, species Displaces people: Three Gorges DamDisplaces people: Three Gorges Dam High construction costHigh construction cost Reduces downstream flowReduces downstream flow Reservoirs eventually fill inReservoirs eventually fill in Danger of collapseDanger of collapse Degrades riverDegrades river Increase in waterborne disease: Increase in waterborne disease:
schistosomiasisschistosomiasis
Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy Use energy from Use energy from
Earth’s interiorEarth’s interior ProPro
Big potential sourceBig potential source Hydrothermal Hydrothermal
reservoir: hot fluidreservoir: hot fluid Bring fluid to Bring fluid to
surface to generate surface to generate electricityelectricity
Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy
Geothermal Geothermal EnergyEnergy
Cons:Cons: Not located Not located
everywhereeverywhere Could run out…Could run out…
Tidal EnergyTidal Energy Use power of the tides Use power of the tides
to generate electricityto generate electricity Pros:Pros:
No pollution, freeNo pollution, free France, Russia, China, France, Russia, China,
CanadaCanada Cons:Cons:
Very few ideal Very few ideal locationslocations
May be damaging to May be damaging to ecosystemsecosystems
NuclearNuclear energy – energy – SplitsSplits apart heavy apart heavy atomsatoms such as Uranium to release such as Uranium to release energy.energy.
Pros: - Produces Pros: - Produces largelarge amountsamounts of power of power -Very -Very little airlittle air or or waterwater pollution pollution
Cons: - Radioactive Cons: - Radioactive wastewaste is produced is produced -Possibility of -Possibility of radioactive radioactive meltdownmeltdown..
Conservation & EfficiencyConservation & Efficiency Energy conservationEnergy conservation
Using less energyUsing less energy Reduce use, wasteReduce use, waste CarpoolingCarpooling
Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency Using less energy for a taskUsing less energy for a task More fuel-efficient carsMore fuel-efficient cars
Both very important!Both very important!
Energy Consumption TrendsEnergy Consumption Trends
Use is on the increaseUse is on the increase Greatest increase in developing Greatest increase in developing
countries: why?countries: why?
Energy-Efficient Energy-Efficient TechnologiesTechnologies
Appliances, automobiles, light bulbs, Appliances, automobiles, light bulbs, furnaces, etc…furnaces, etc…
““Superinsulated” buildingsSuperinsulated” buildings May cost more, but will save money!May cost more, but will save money!
Energy-Efficient Energy-Efficient TechnologiesTechnologies
National Appliance Energy National Appliance Energy Conservation ActConservation Act Sets national standardsSets national standards Much greater efficiency todayMuch greater efficiency today
Invest in energy improvements now Invest in energy improvements now to save money in the long runto save money in the long run
Automobile EfficiencyAutomobile Efficiency
Has improved since 1970s: why?Has improved since 1970s: why? Increased use of minivans, trucks, SUVsIncreased use of minivans, trucks, SUVs Efficiency must continue to improveEfficiency must continue to improve
Electric Companies & Electric Companies & Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency
Make more money, generate less Make more money, generate less electricityelectricity
Incentives for conservationIncentives for conservation Help consumers save electricityHelp consumers save electricity
Light bulbs, furnacesLight bulbs, furnaces Company doesn’t have to invest in Company doesn’t have to invest in
new power generationnew power generation
Electric Companies & Electric Companies & Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency
Use cogeneration to save energyUse cogeneration to save energy Improve electricity gridsImprove electricity grids
Some energy lost in transmissionSome energy lost in transmission Plan for future usePlan for future use
Energy Conservation At Energy Conservation At HomeHome
Average household: $1500/year on Average household: $1500/year on utilitiesutilities
Use energy-efficient technologiesUse energy-efficient technologies Better insulation, windowsBetter insulation, windows Seal cracksSeal cracks Replace inefficient appliancesReplace inefficient appliances
Energy Conservation At Energy Conservation At HomeHome
Case Study: Green Case Study: Green ArchitectureArchitecture
Consider the environment when Consider the environment when buildingbuilding
Energy conservationEnergy conservation Indoor air qualityIndoor air quality Water conservationWater conservation Building materialsBuilding materials
Case Study: Green Case Study: Green ArchitectureArchitecture
Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies, Oberlin CollegeEnvironmental Studies, Oberlin College
Geothermal heat pumpGeothermal heat pump PV cells for electricityPV cells for electricity Triple-paned windowsTriple-paned windows Motion sensorsMotion sensors Recycle wastewaterRecycle wastewater Sustainable woodSustainable wood Recycled carpet Recycled carpet http://www.oberlin.edu/ajlc/ajlcHome.htmlhttp://www.oberlin.edu/ajlc/ajlcHome.html
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