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Kidneys
• They are retroperitoneal organs (therefore the loin pain)
• Sits between T11-L2/3 with hilum at L1
• Surrounded by:• Perinephric fat
• Renal fascia (Route of infection across the midline)
• Paranephric fat
Kidney: Internal Structure
Cortex
Medulla
Minor Calyx
Major Calyx
Renal pelvis
Renal ArteryRenal Vein
Renal pyramid
Renal Papilla
Ureter
R G Tunstall 2013
Nephron
• Cortical Nephron or Juxtamedullary Nephron (Location difference)
• Proximal convulated tubule
• 100% Glucose
• 70% Water
• Sodium and Potassium
• Loop of Henle
• 20% water (Only in descending)
• Sodium, potassium (in ascending)
• Distal convulated tubule
• Final tuning
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