Regional hydrogeochemistry - smi.uq.edu.au · Nathan Reid, Patrice deCaritat, David Gray, Robert...

Regional hydrogeochemistry

MINERAL RESOURCES

Nathan Reid, Patrice deCaritat, David Gray, Robert Thorne, Ryan Noble

Value of hydrogeochemistry• Greenfields exploration & development of Regional targets

• Potential for low (> km sample density)

• Moving into basins (drilling for large targets)

• Indication of alteration signatures

• S-alteration and various alteration haloes (As, W …)

• Uranium – “Yeelirrie” type targets in northern Yilgarn (elsewhere?)

• Archaean lode Gold – Au, As, Mo, Rb for northern groundwaters

• SO4 anomalism show sulphides

• NiS targeted using Ni, Co, Pt

• VMS targeted using Cu, Zn, Pt, Ag

• Lithology mapping through cover (very successful)

• Integrate with baseline environmental studies

Compiling Australia-wide data• Many data sources• Not just compilation!

QA/QC and validation• Greatest number of

samples from State Government datasets (grey circles), though with lesser element suites

• Other datasets have more extensive element suites –different data densities

• Our goal is to make as much of this data readily available

Online Resources• CSIRO Publications

• https://publications.csiro.au/rpr/search?q=Hydrogeochemistry

• Or Google “csiro publications repository” then search “Hydrogeochemistry”

• CSIRO Data

• https://data.csiro.au/dap/search?q=Hydrogeochemistry

• Or Google “csiro data access portal” then search “Hydrogeochemistry”

• Sampling log books, training guides, tablet field app

• Email david.gray@csiro.au

Online Resources• CSIRO Publications

• https://publications.csiro.au/rpr/search?q=Hydrogeochemistry

• Or Google “csiro publications repository” then search “Hydrogeochemistry”

• CSIRO Data

• https://data.csiro.au/dap/search?q=Hydrogeochemistry

• Or Google “csiro data access portal” then search “Hydrogeochemistry”

• Sampling log books, training guides, tablet field app …

• Email david.gray@csiro.au

http://www.bom.gov.au/water/groundwater/explorer/map.shtml

• Sampling log books, training guides, tablet field app

• Email nathan.reid@csiro.au

FAIMS Android app

• The app has been adapted for CSIRO protocol geochemical sampling

• Allows for all geochemical data collection and basic mapping functionality. Photo tagging, sketches, site information and lithological descriptors.

• There is also a field server provided to prevent data loss and syncing with multiple devices.

• All hydro samples are now collected this way –and its open source so we are happy to help others

Continental Scale Hydrogeochemistry

Different elements have different data densities

Relevance of scale

Left) Continental scale SO4:Cl ratio, showing large scale lithology changes and Right) at smaller

scale showing areas of weathering sulfides at the Jaguar/Teutonic Bore/Bentley VHMS ore

bodies, this data was collected prior to the Bentley discovery.

Direct metals not great indicators: Jaguar area

Cu (mg/L)

< 0.0030.0040.0060.0550.30

GeologyFelsic rocks

Granitic rocks

Mafic intrusive

Mafic rocks

0.00 - 0.020.02 - 0.040.04 - 0.080.09 - 0.130.13 - 0.180.19 - 0.370.40 - 0.840.93 - 18

GeologyFelsic rocks

Granitic rocks

Mafic intrusive

Mafic rocks

0 0.5 1Kilometres

Dissolved base metal data very patchy!

Zn (mg/L)

0 0.5 1Kilometres

SO4, NO3 and FeS Indices – Jaguar VMS SO4

AnomalyHighMediumLowNone

Geology

Felsic rocks

Granitic rocks

Mafic intrusive

Mafic rocks

FeS Index0.72-0.790.59-0.720.44-0.580.29-0.440.04-0.29

Geology

Felsic rocks

Granitic rocks

Mafic intrusive

Mafic rocks

0 - 23 - 45 - 20

21 - 5051 - 8081 - 135

GeologyFelsic rocks

Granitic rocks

Mafic intrusive

Mafic rocks

Known ore bodies

Fe gossan

Exploration sites

0 0.5 1Kilometres

NO3(mg/L)

Fluoride – exploration and health

• Large areas of naturally elevated concentrations

• State Datasets used

Dissolved Tungsten

• Extremely high F, W …

• What does this tell us about the geochemistry of this lithological unit?

• Potential for mineralisation?

• Also demonstrates the value and robustness of anions such as F, and of oxy-anions: V, Mo, W, As, Sb Cr, (in absence of Fe2+) … Ge, Sn, Bi ???

• Au mineralisation index (Au+As+Ag)

Derived indices – often better than single elements

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((((((

!!!! !!

!! !! !!

!!!! !!

120°30'E

27°30'S

((((((

(( ((((

!!!! !!

!!!!!!

0 5 10 15 20Kilometres

AuMin Index

(Au+Ag+As)

> 0.90

0.72 - 0.90

0.57 - 0.72

0.44 - 0.56

0.32 - 0.43

< 0.32

AuMin IndexRegional vs Prospect

•Use indexed Au+Ag+As

• Regional sampling finds main camps

• Very high AuMin values at Agnew

•Most from sampling in or near pits

• Some additional highly anomalous areas

> Highest Regional value

Presentation title | Presenter name18 |

Sampling through cover

Abra case study

Abra (Pb, Zn)

2-75 µm soil size fractionGroundwater samples

Isotopes - Sulphur and Oxygen in Sulphate

Paulsens Gold deposit

δ34S and δ18O_SO42 from sulphate at Paulsons

δ34S and δ18O_SO42 from sulphate - Capricorn

Sulphur Isotope comparison

Deposit Sulphide Water

Paulsens (Au) -0.8 – 0.7 0.5 – 6.2

Abra 19.4 – 26.6 18 - 23

Prairie Downs 6.7 – 10.1 7.8 - 16

Mt Isa region

Mt Isa

New Mt Isa sampling

323 new sample points.

East of Mt Isa block

Moving under cover

Sampling complete.

Regional hydrogeochemistry - outcomes• New targets with no known deposits – prospectivity maps now produced for

North Yilgarn, Capricorn and South Australia

What are valuable deliverables to date?

• Direct concentrations of target metals – U, Au, Ni, Cu, Zn

• Known pathfinders but anomaly size small

• Anionic chalcophiles (As, Sb, Mo, W)

• Useful pathfinders with larger anomalies

• Mineral Saturation Indices

• Valuable for Uranium

• Use of SO42-, NO3

-, Cl, Br to show sulfides

• Metal indices

• e.g. Ni, Co, Pt for NiS; Zn, Cu, Pt, Ag for VMS – larger anomalies

• As, Cr, NO3 – environmental / health

So how can we help?• The regional data can provide new areas of interest for picking tenements

• New samples collected can be placed in context with the regional background –please talk to us

• Understanding hydrogeochemical signatures of lithology and mineralisation at both regional and camp scales

• Support using the FAIMS field app for sample collection

Mineral ResourcesNathan ReidTeam Leader: Minerals and Water

t +61 8 6436 8675e nathan.reid@csiro.auw www.csiro.au

Thank you

MINERAL RESOURCES

Mangroves?

Cairn Mining

Honeymoon WellMines

Erlistoun

Sth Windarra Mine

Teutonic

Yeelirrie

“Diorite Well”

Mt Magnet

Paulsen

Newman

PlutonicPeak Hill

Jundee

Mt KeithMine

LeonoraMurrinSunrise

Garden Well

Anomalous Sulfate - Exploration

• Take away SO4 from gypsum and alunite effects

• This excess SO4 shows reasonable spatial correlation with mineralised systems

• Uses major element data alone

Sulfides Oxides e.g.:

FeS2 Fe(OH)3 + 2SO42-

Sulfide Alteration, e.g.:

FeS + 0.2SO42-

0.6FeS2 + 0.4Fe(OH)3

Regional hydrogeochemistry - smi.uq.edu.au · Nathan Reid, Patrice deCaritat, David Gray, Robert...

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