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1
References and reading examples
- Model business letters, emails and other business
documents, Shirley Taylor
2Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
What language looks like
References and reading examples
- President Barack Obama's inaugural address,
Jan. 20, 2009
3Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
What language looks like
References and reading examples
- Full text of President Tsai 's inaugural address,
May 20, 2016
4Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
What language looks like
References and reading examples
- Full text of President Ma's inaugural address,
May 20, 2012
5Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
What language looks like
References and reading examples
- Literatures of vice president
for international affairs,
National Taiwan University,
Luisa Chang
6
Harvard-Yenching Library, Harvard University
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
What language looks like
7
Chameleons can rapidly change color by adjusting a layer of
special cells nestled within their skin.
My company is prepared for the transient-advantage economy.
A layer of special cells nestled within their skin.
A layer of special cells which is nestled within their skin.
A layer of special cells is nestled within their skin.
A layer of special cells is nestled within their skin.
My company is prepared for the transient-advantage economy.
Study of Advanced Color & Gender Changing
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
8
My company prepared for the transient-advantage economy.
My company prepares for the transient-advantage economy.
prepare(s) 為動詞，變為過去分詞 prepared
(現在分詞V+ing, 不定詞 to + V)
Prepare由動詞變性為形容詞prepared (preparing, to prepare)
當主詞my company的主詞補語。
而不是被動語態 be + pp
My company is prepared for the transient-advantage economy.
My company is preparing for the transient-advantage economy.
My company is to prepare for the transient-advantage economy.
Study of Advanced Color & Gender Changing
My company will prepare for the transient-advantage economy.
9
One of the major shortcomings in legacy USAF airframe
and engine development programs has been inadequate
definition of the operational usage parameters critical to
the durability of engine components.
Study of Advanced Color & Gender Changing
...the operational usage parameters which is critical to the durability of engine components.
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
10
legacy:
1. adj. a legacy system, piece of software etc is one that people continue to use, although more modern ones are available以前的, 舊有的
2. n. something that happens or exists as a result of things that happened at an earlier time 後遺症
In a de qua te: adj. not good enough, big enough, skilled enough etcfor a particular purpose不適當的
Study of Advanced Color & Gender Changing
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
11
Indefinite & Gerund
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
What’s the difference between “to see is to believe” and “seeing is believing”?
Mathew: Have you ever been to the Grand Canyon?
Jenniffer: No, I haven’t been there yet.
Mathew: The Grand Canyon is breathtaking beyond belief. You
have to go there once in your life. To see is to believe.
12
Indefinite & Gerund
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
What’s the difference between “to see is to believe” and “seeing is believing”?
Mathew: How was your trip to the Grand Canyon?
Jenniffer: The Grand Canyon is breathtaking beyond belief.
Seeing is believing. You have to go there once in your life.
13
Indefinite & Gerund
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
She loves to eat.
She likes to eat.
She hates hiking.
http://www.unhurriedhome.com/we-went-outside-today/
14
Indefinite & Gerund
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
She loves to eat. She hates hiking.
Everyone loves hike days.
On hike days, the kids spend the whole morning in the woods.
She LOVES going on hikes and will happily spend an hour in a forest drawing happy little trees in her nature journal.
She hates the hikes.
http://www.unhurriedhome.com/we-went-outside-today/
Verb record (1)
Noun record (2) (3)
Noun Adjective
recording (1) recording (1)
to record (1) to record (1)
recorded (1)
Gender change
15Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Noun forms of the verb: Gerund and Infinitive
Gender change
Verb manufacture (1)
Noun manufacture (1)
Noun Adjective
manufacturing (2) manufacturing (1)
to manufacture (1) to manufacture (1)
manufactured (1)
16Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Noun forms of the verb: Gerund and Infinitive
Language difference
• Recording and playback functions
• Record and playback functions. (not correct)
• 100 Meters, 100 Years Old:
Ida Keeling Breaks Racing Record.
17
Indefinite & Gerund
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Language difference
• Application of thrust vectoring technology can significantly enhance the
maneuvering performance of fighters.
• By incorporating vectored thrust engines, the S-27, S-37, and Mig 1.44
were thoroughly performance-enhanced.
18
Indefinite & Gerund
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Verb vector (1)
Noun vector (2)
un Adjective
vectoring (1) to vector
to vector (1) to vector (1)
vectored(1)
Language difference
• By incorporating vectored thrust engines, the S-27, S-37, and MigBy 1.44
were thoroughly performance-enhanced.
• Thrust vectoring nozzles have been the standard equipment for next
generation fighters
19
Indefinite & Gerund
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Language difference
- By incorporating vectored thrust engines, the S-27, S-37, and Mig 1.44 were thoroughly performance-enhanced.脫胎換骨
Accurate interpretation
- UAV can Replace manned fighters to significantly
reduce risks to human pilots for conducting specific
missions.
UAV can significantly protect the safety of fighter
pilots. (not correct)
20
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Sentence structure
Apposition 同位語
• This article presents an approach to developing the indigenous
high thrust engine, TFE1088, based on the design of TFE1042
turbofan engine which powers IDF.
21
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Sentence structure
Inverted sentence
• We can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders;
nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect.
- Obama, 2009
• Not everybody is in a situation where the opportunity to teach opens
up, nor is everyone good at teaching or enjoying it.
- Peter F. Drucker 2005, in Managing the nonprofit organization
22
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Sentence structure
Inverted sentence
We can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders;
nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect.
Those suffer. (matter, benefit…)
Those suffer outside our borders. (outside 介系詞+ 受詞 as 副詞片詞)
suffering outside our borders
Maintenance training doesn’t cost.
It pays.
Punctuation matters.
23
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Sentence structure
Inverted sentence
• We can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our
borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without
regard to effect.
• We also cannot consume resources without regard to effect.
(without 介系詞) regard: 注意, 考慮
• >> nor can we …..
24
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Sentence structure
Participial construction
• Equipped with the anti-ship missile seeker, developed by NCSIST, the
supersonic anti-ship missile shows the excellent performance.
• Having streamlined bodies, flying fish swim swiftly and freely in the water, in the air.
25
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Sentence structure
Participial construction
• Having experienced real hardship, the company is flying up to the clouds, comparing with the glory of the sun, and is on the way of no return.
• Being a fine day, we went picnicking. (correct or not)
26
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Sentence structure
Participial construction
• Having experienced real hardship, the company is flying up to the clouds, comparing with the glory of the sun, and is on the way of no return.
• It being a fine day, we went picnicking.
27
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Sentence structure
Another gender change
• A nation cannot prosper long when it favors only
the prosperous.
• In prison, the weak are meat and the strong do eat.
• Have you used any old-fashioned language or jargon that should be updated?
28
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Sentence structure
- The determination of independent development of
aircraft engines lasts.
- If you want something done well, do it yourself.
- When it comes to making a thing by myself, I’m all
thumbs.
- However humble it may be, there is no place like
home.
29
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Syntax and Diction – style, taste, genre
• … a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sight.
- Obama, 2009
• We absolutely cannot leave the hot potato issues and heavy burdens to the next generation
- Ma, 2012
• Achieve generational justice, and deliver to the next generation a better country.
- Tsai, 2016
nag: vt,i 一直令人擔心, 不安
decline: n.品質或數量的減少, 衰退
i ne vi table: adj. (一定會發生)無法避免的
30
What expression is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
31
We absolutely cannot leave the hot potato issues
and heavy burdens to the next generation.
However impressive the achievements were, they
had been silently performing duties rarely told.
Expression and Style
Passion doesn’t make things easier, but it sure
makes them a lot more fun.
In detail, there are consist of couple of simulation
military exercise units.
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
➢ It is not unusual that…
➢ To provide effective and innovative solutions for the industry…
➢ As a pioneer dedicating to the…
➢ Create a new era of…
➢ With the increasingly prosperous technology,…
32Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Expression and Style
➢ It is trending that…
➢ Despite of these, …
➢ Consequently, NCSIST has entered the supply chain of…
➢ Under the government policy on…
33Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Expression and Style
➢ By collaborating with…
➢ It is expected that…
➢ Being capable of suppressing the enemy radar systems…
➢ The glow of dawn lights the morning sky, and a day begins.
➢ Whether in terms of range, agility, and size, it is a superior…
34Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Expression and Style
➢ It’s getting harder to acquire advanced weapons from abroad.
➢ Coordinating with system engineering, projects go a lot more
smoothly.
➢ Whenever an idea came to mind at midnight, we would get out of
bed and rush to the lab.
➢ We were subject to severe aerodynamics given, the structure then
had to bear the load.
35Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Expression and Style
➢ The propulsion system was the most critical part of weapon
systems and must be developed first.
➢ After a missile is launched, the guidance and control system
guides the missile flight path to hit targets.
➢ It being at the front end of the missile, materials need to be
designed to bear high load and high temperature.
36Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Expression and Style
➢ Failure breeds success.
➢ If you never fail, you only control the knowledge already known.
➢ However impressive the achievements were, they had been
silently performing duties rarely told.
37Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Expression and Style
➢ Make yourself at home
➢ Help yourself to some fruit
➢ Mind your own business
➢ Talk nonsense
38Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Expression and Style
➢ A friend in need is a friend indeed.
➢ Where there is a will, there is a way.
➢ Make hay while the sun shines.
➢ There is no use crying over the spilt milk.
➢ Spare the rod, spoil the child.
➢ You can’t be too careful.
39Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Expression and Style
➢ However humble it may be, there is no place like home.
➢ When it comes to making a thing by myself, I am all thumbs.
➢ If you want something done well, do it yourself.
➢ Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
➢ All that glitters is not gold.
➢ I am the last man that betrays you.
40Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Expression and Style
• If your uniform isn’t dirty, you haven’t been in the game.
• Chasing the same dream, engineers start a great day at the moment the sun is over the horizon.
• With the ever-increasing speed of technological change, we all need to stay up-to-date with new equipment.
• Having streamlined bodies, flying fish swim swiftly and freely in the water, in the air.
41
What writing style is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
• They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America – they will be met.
• The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.
• Having experienced real hardship, the company is flying up to the clouds, comparing with the glory of the sun, and is on the way of no return.
- Do your best and leave others’ judgments as background music.
- Is a promotion worth hiding who you are?
42
What writing style is
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
43
Figure Out a Way to Have Courage
Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
Eleg
Create an Established and
Elegant Writing Style
Genre and Style
44Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.
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