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Red Clover
• Description: purplish red clover head, hairy stem, 3 leaved segments, pale ring on leaves
• Poisonous parts: all• Found: all over US,
in fields
• Signs of poisoning:– Excessive
salivation– Bloating– Diarrhea– Blindness– Abortion– Laminitis
Jimsonweed• Description: can
grow up to 5’ tall, large toothed leaves, white to light violet trumpet shaped flowers, 2” spiny seed pods
• Poisonous Parts: flowers, leaves, seeds
• Found: All over US, common in fields
• Horses will only eat if other food is not available
• Scientific Name: Datura spp.
• Other Names: Devils Trumpet, Angels Trumpet
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Jimsonweed
• Flowers smell sweet, but otherwise plant has bad odor
• Many black seeds inside spiny seed pod
http://www.fcps.edu/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/jimsonweed.htm
JimsonweedSigns of Poisoning:• Excitement, then
sudden depression• Colic• Diarrhea• Low temp• Extreme thirst• Dilated pupils• Convulsions• Coma• Paralysis• Respiratory paralysis
results in death
http://www.fcps.edu/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/jimsonweed.htm
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DAST&photoID=dast_003_ahp.jpg
Poison Hemlock
• Scientific Name: Conium maculatum
• Description: grows up to 10’ tall, green stem with purple spots, lacy triangiular leaves, musky odor, small white flowers clustered with a flat top
• Poisonous Parts: all• Found: all over US, field
edges and roadsides• Horses can find texture
palatable
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/conium.html
Poison HemlockSigns of Poisoning:• Bloating• Cold extremities• Dilated pupils• Weak heart beat• Trembling• Paralysis• Coma• Respiratory paralysis
results in deathhttp://www.vet.purdue.edu/depts/addl/toxic/plant28.htm
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=COMA2&photoID=coma2_2v.jpg
Yellow Star Thistle
• Scientific Name: Centaurea solstitialis
• Description: grows up to 2’ tall, bright yellow flowers with a spiny base, leaves covered in cottony hair
• Poisonous parts: all• Found: NOT in MI,
found in southern & western US, in fields, pastures, & roadsides
• Poisoning usually occurs in fall when horses may acquire a taste for the plant and seek it out
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Yellow Star ThistleSigns of Poisoning:• “Chewing Disease”
– Involuntary chewing– Lip twitching– Swelling around the mouth
• Facial muscle paralysis– Unable to chew or close
mouth
• Death eventually occurs from starvation and dehydration
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CESO3
http://kaweahoaks.com/html/yellow_starthistle.html
Foxglove
• Scientific Name: Digitalis purpurea • Description: purple, pink, red or
white tubular flowers with dark spots, flowers open downward, leaves are alternate, hairy and slightly toothed
• Poisonous Parts: flowers, leaves, seeds
• Found: all over US, often in flower gardens
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Foxglove
Signs of poisoning:
• Colic
• Bloody feces
• Poor appetite
• Pain
• Frequent urination
• Irregular heartbeat
• Possible convulsions prior to deathOne bite is fatal
http://www.freefoto.com/preview.jsp?id=12-57-51&k=Foxglove+-+Digitalis
Poinsettia
• Description: upper leaves turn red, pink or white in late fall,
• Poisonous parts: leaves, stems and sap
• Found: all over US as a holiday ornamental plant, native to Mexico
• Scientific Name: Euphorbia pulcherrima
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Poinsetta
Signs of poisoning:
• Skin– Redness and swelling – Blistering
• Gastrointestinal– Stomach pain – Diarrhea
•Poinsettas have low toxicity
http://www.schaefergreenhouses.com/poinsettia.html
http://www.schaefergreenhouses.com/poinsettia.html
Oak Tree
• Poisonous Parts: acorns, young leaves
• Found: all over US• Signs of poisoning:
– Bloody diarrhea– Abdominal pain– Kidney & liver damage– Frequent urination– Thirst– Anorexia
• Signs of toxicity occur when large amount are ingested
• Symptoms may last 3-10 days
• Death occurs with 85% of horses showing signs
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
OleanderDescription: • Woody evergreen bush,
grows up to 30’ tall• Leaves
– leathery & pointed leaves– grow opposite each other
in groups of 3
– arranged in whorls • Flowers
– grow in clusters at the ends of branches
– white, pink, purplish, red
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Oleander
•Takes only 1 ounce of leaves to kill a horse
http://vet.purdue.edu/depts/addl/toxic/color52.htm
OleanderSigns of Poisoning:• Diarrhea• Trembling• Cold extremities• Paralysis• Coma• Cardiac arrest
followed by death
• Scientific Name: Nerium oleander
• Poisonous Parts: all (do NOT burn—smoke is also toxic)
• Found: NOT in MI, found in southern US & on the west coast
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleander
Rhododendron• Description:
Great Laurel is an evergreen tree that grows up to 35’ tall, it has 4-10” oblong alternating leaves, mixed pink and white or various single colored flowers are arranged in clusters
White-flowered rhododendron is a 3-6’ shrub with smaller leaves and flowers than the Great Laurel
• Other Names: Great Laurel, White-flowered Rhododendron
• Poisonous parts: all
http://www.monmouth.com/~asalerno/tony/house/rhodadendrons.html
RhododendronFound: in wet wooded areas in eastern US, only white-
flowered rhododendron is seen in mountainous areas of US
http://www.pbase.com/copperhill/image/60478206
http://www.pbase.com/copperhill/gardens
Rhododendron Signs of poisoning:• Kidney or liver damage• Repeated
swallowing• Salivation• Depression• Bloating• Colic signs• Weakness• Coma• Death
http://www.pbase.com/copperhill/gardens
Rhubarb
• Signs of Poisoning:– Weakness, – Difficulty breathing– Abdominal pain– Diarrhea– Convulsions– Coma– Death from
cardiovascular collapse
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Poisonous Parts: leaves
Horsetail• Description:
grows up to 3’ tall, segmented hollow stem has many whorls of thin grass-like leaves,
• Poisonous parts:• Found: worldwide• Toxicity higher in
green plants • Scientific Name:
Equisetum arvense
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http://www.traderscreek.com/Survival_Guide/Edible_Plants/horsetail.asp
Horsetail
Signs of Poisoning:• Trembling• Muscular rigidity• Diarrhea• Rapid pulse• Cold extremities• Coma and death if
feed source is not removed
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
**Horses must consume plant over a 2 week period—sometimes plant is in hay
Bracken Fern
• Description: dark stem, segments of leaves in triangular shape, leaves are firm & leathery
• Poisonous Parts: all• Found: worldwide in
most forested areas• Horses rarely eat this
plant unless no other food is available
• Scientific Name: Pteridium aquilinium
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Bracken Fern
Signs of poisoning:• Loss of coordination• Depression• Blindness• Stand in braced
position with legs apart
• Death may occur if horse not removed from source of plant
• Horses must eat plant for a month to see toxicity signs
http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/bracken_fern.htm
Pokeweed
• Description: grows up to 6-9’ tall, red purplish woody stalk, 5-10” alternating leaves, shiny purple to black berries mature July-Sept
• Poisonous Parts: all
• Found: in eastern 2/3 of US
• Scientific Name: Phytolacca americana
PokeweedSigns of Poisoning:
• Salivation
• Colic
• Muscular weakness
• Diarrhea (often bloody)
• Respiratory failure, anemia & gastritis are severe symptoms
• Moderate quantities of the plant must be consumed to show signs
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph24.htm
Black Nightshade• Scientific Name: Solanum spp.
• Description: maximum of 3’ tall, pointed oval leaves that are purplish on underside, white to light purple star shaped flowers, bloom year round, small shiny black berries
• Poisonous Parts: leaves, immature fruit
• Found: all over US, common along fence rows
Black Nightshade
Signs of poisoning:
• Signs of neurological & gastrointestinal disorders
• Tiredness
• Muscle twitching
• Bloating
• Congestion in the lungs, heart & spleen
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Choke Cherry• Scientific Name: Prunus
spp. • Other Names: Wild
Cherries, Black Cherry, Bitter Cherry, Choke Cherry, Pin Cherry
• Description: tree grows up to 30’ tall, bark is reddish brown, simple alternating oblong leaves, bloom white or pink cones of flowers April to July, red to black cherries ripen July to Sept.
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Choke Cherry
• Poisonous Parts: seeds & leaves
• Found: all over US
http://web.mit.edu/cfox/www/flowers/2003-05-31/2141_Med.jpg.2.html
Choke Cherry
Signs of poisoning:• Bright red mucus
membranes• Slobbering• Increased respiration• Weak pulse• Convulsions• Rapid Death
http://www.borealforest.org/shrubs/shrub31.htm
Red Maple• Poisonous parts:
wilted or dried leaves, bark
• Found: eastern half of US
• Signs of poisoning:– Severe anemia– Weakness– Depression– Pale mucus membranes– Dark brown urine– Abortion– Death due to RBC unable to
transport oxygen to tissueshttp://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/red_maple.htm
Milk Weed
• Description: grows to 3’ tall, thick green stem and leaves, oblong leaves, teardrop shaped seed pods filled with silky white hairs, small light pink flowers in clusters
• Poisonous Parts: all• Found: all over US,
in fields
Milkweed
• Signs of poisoning:• Bloating• Staggering• Rapid pulse• Gastroenteritis• Depression• Weakness• High Temp• Seizures
•Labored Breathing may
occur before death
Ornamental Yew
• Description: evergreen shrub, short spiny needles, reddish brown bark, bright red berries in fall
• Poisonous Parts: leaves, seeds, twigs
• Found: all over US, often used as ornamental shrub
• Scientific Name: Taxus cuspidata
• Other Names: Ground Hemlock
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Ornamental Yew
• Signs of poisoning:• Nervousness• Confusion• Diarrhea• Heart will slow and
circulation fails• Death is the usual
outcome
• One bite is deadly• Horse might collapse
right next to plant after eating it
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxus_baccata
http://ontariotrees.com/main/species.php?id=2093
Black Walnut Tree
• Description: compound leaves arranged opposite of each other, tennis ball size green fruits, dark grayish black bark
• Poisonous parts: bark
• Found: eastern & Midwestern US
• Horses are affected when shavings from the tree are used as bedding
• Allergic reaction to standing or laying in bedding– Swelling of the legs– Laminitis
Black Walnut Tree
Ragworts OR Groundsel• Poisonous Parts:
leaves• Found: NOT in MI,
found in dry areas of US
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Vetch
• Common Name: Common Vetch, Hairy Vetch, Narrow leaved Vetch, Purple Vetch and Broad Beans
• Poisonous Parts: seeds
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