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Red Algae and Green Algae. By Mark Zhou and Asad Zaheer. Red Green. Unicellular or Multicellular Nonvascular - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Red Algae and Green Algae
By Mark Zhou and Asad Zaheer
Structure
• May live in colonies• Store energy as starch• Stacked thylakoids• Cell walls made of cellulose• Most have flagella
• Red color from phycoerythrin • Store energy as floridean starch• Unstacked thylakoids• Outer cell wall made of pectic acid• No flagella
Red Green
• Unicellular or multicellular• Nonvascular• Same pigments as vascular plants• Double-membrane chloroplasts• No centrioles• Inner cell wall made of cellulose
• Unicellular or Multicellular• Nonvascular• Same pigments as vascular plants• Double-membrane chloroplasts• No centrioles• Cell wall made of cellulose
DiversityRed Green
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: ProtistaPhylum: Rhodophyta
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaePhylum: Chlorophyta, Charophyta
Nutrition and MetabolismRed Green
• Photosynthesis
• Floridean starch made in cytosol
• Photosynthesis
• Starch made in plastids
Reproduction• Alternation of generations
• Some reproduce asexually
• Sperm lack flagella, so they depend on water currents to reproduce
• Alternation of generations
• Some reproduce asexually
• Sexual reproduction by flagellated gametes
UniquenessRed Green
• Unstacked thylakoids and cytosolic floridean starch
• Phycoerythrin allows it to live deeper in the water
• Some can excrete calcium carbonate
• Only algae to form pit connections after cytokinesis
• Closest ancestor to vascular plants
• Most common algae on land
• Form symbiotic relationships with other organisms
Ecological SignificanceRed Green
• Calcium carbonate used in bone-replacement therapy
• Used to expel intestinal worms
• Agar used in foods and agarose gel
• Carrageenan used for yogurt, chocolate milk, and puddings
• Porphyra used in Japanese cuisine
• Make up coral reefs
• Help treat herpes simplex
• Endosymbiotic with some organisms.
• Carotenes may help treat or cause cancer
• Some are invasive or parasitic
• Counter global warming
ExamplesTrentepohlia
Red Green
Porphyra
Used to produce laver, gim, and nori.
P: RhodophytaC: RhodophyceaeO: BangialesF: BangiaceaeG: Porphyra
P: ChlorophytaC: UlvophyceaeO: TrentepohlialesF: TrentepohliaceaeG: Trentepohlia
Parasitic on trees.
ExamplesCaulerpa
Red Green
Eucheuma
Used to produce carrageenan, which is used in cosmetics and foods.
P: RhodophytaC: RhodophyceaeO: GigartinalesF: AreschougiaceaeT: Eucheumatoideae
P: ChlorophytaC: BryopsidophyceaeO: BryopsidalesF: CaulerpaceaeG: Caulerpa
Sea grapes. Used in East Asian cuisine
ExamplesVolvox
Red Green
Coralline Algae
Excrete calcium carbonate. Make up coral reefs.
P: RhodophytaC: FlorideophyceaeO: Corallinales
P: ChlorophytaC: ChlorophyceaeO: VolvocalesF: VolvocaceaeG: Volvox
Colonial algae.
ExamplesDunaliella salina
Red Green
Gracilaria
Excrete calcium carbonate. Make up coral reefs.
P: RhodophytaC: FlorideophyceaeO: GracilarialesF: GraciliaraceaeG: Gracilaria
P: ChlorophytaC: ChlorophyceaeO: VolvocalesF: DunaliellaceaeG: DunaliellaS: D. salina
Halophilic. Creates large amounts of carotenoids and glycerol.
ReferencesCampbell, Neil A., & Reece, Jane B. (2002). The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity. Biology: Sixth edition (p. 565-567). Sansome St., San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings.
Freshwater, D. Wilson. (2000). Rhodophyta. Red Algae. The Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from: http://tolweb.org/Rhodophyta/2381/2000.03.24. Guiry, Michael. (2011). The Seaweed Site: Information on marine algae. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from: http://www.seaweed.ie/index.html.
University of California Museum of Paleontology. (2012). The Protists. UGMP Taxon Lift. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/help/index/protista.html.
Gietler, Scott (photographer).(n.d.). Garibaldi and Red Algae [Online image]. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from http://www.uwphotographyguide.com/catalina-island-underwater.
Pfaff, Sydney (utilizer). (2011). Ingredient Spotlight: Red Algae [Online image]. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from http://blog.sephora.com/2011/04/ingredient-spotlight-red-algae.html
Texas Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences . (n.d.). Muskgrass, Chara [Online image]. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/plant-identification/alphabetical-index/muskgrass/
Wiegand, Alice (photographer). (2006). Nori [Online image]. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nori.
Navez, Bruno (photographer). (2007). Trentepohlia sp. on Cryptomeria japonica bark [Online image]. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trentepohlia_(alga)
Bioted Biology Technology Devolopment (2012). Rong Nho [Online Image]. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from http://bioted.vn/biofeed/?mode=news&id=325.
The Seaweed Site: Information on Marine Algae. Iris Maerl [Image of purple algae]. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from http://www.seaweed.ie/uses_ireland/irishmaerl.html
National Ocean and Atmospheric Organization (photographer). (2010). [Image of brain coral and sea plumes]. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/20100825_seaweb.html
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