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Reconciling Motivation Theory with Practice to Create Optimum Online
Learning Environments
Eldonna L. May, Ph.D.September 2, 2012
Environment Independent livingDiversity and divergence of ideas Problem-solving Self-advocacyOpportunities
Creative capacity and talents Aesthetic sensitivity Effective communication of ideas (W)Holistic balance in life Risk-taking = growth and development
Behavioral – Operant Conditioning/Social Learning Theory Bandura Knowles Skinner
Cognitive – Mastery Learning & Achievement Atkinson Piaget Stipek
Humanistic – Growth Motivation/Hierarchy of Needs Maslow
Behaviorism Social Learning Theory Cognitivism
Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
Reinforcement occurs inconsistently and too long after a desired response has occurred. Positive behavior is not reinforced; negative behavior is punished. Therefore:
Reinforce positive behavior often
Shape, don’t punish, negative behavior
Trick: Focus on reinforcing learner successes, rather than punishing failures. Combine praise with constructive criticism.
In cognitive theory, complex and individualized mental processes greatly influence individual learners.
A core belief of constructivism is that learners create their own knowledge by assigning meaning and context to the information presented.
Pedagogical SocialManagerial Technical
The combination of the above roles make you a “Facilitator” of the learning process.
The Online Faculty Profile Sometimes, this profile is all students get other than content
Is That Enough?Is there more that can be shared? To what end?
A “Clickable” InstructorWhat do students want to know about you?Where will they look?Google?Facebook?Personal Website?What Can You Share?
lyrical approachmulti-disciplinary Reframing design solutions
Friends, Peers, Colleagues, etc.
Look & Sound Familiar
Connections, Conversations
The Personality of You and Your Course
The lyrical approach, one that is iterative and multi-disciplinary, allows the framing and reframing of the problem until the design solutions emerge.
What does “ambience” look like in F2F classroom setting? Online course site?
Create similar visual stimuli in your course site that emulate a classroom setting.
Web design is important! Make your course site entry point an appealing, welcoming virtual space. Vibrant, colorful, clear and easy to navigate to the various components of the site.
Nurturance Empowerment Structure Teamwork
What strategies can online educators use to foster a nest environment in their course sites?
A larger footprint is like a well-used, comfortable home. It says, “I have lived here and am familiar with my surroundings.”A smaller footprint is like one of those homes that is so clean you are afraid to sit on the couch. Or, it looks as if you are inexperienced and new to this digital world.
Essential Elements in Online Courses Learner Agreement Orientation Package/Quiz Syllabus Inter-related Individual Assignments Group Projects Discussion Forums/Journals/Blogs Assessment
Provide Structure Provide Incentives, Rewards & Reinforcement Foster Creativity Identify ideas that enhance learning Integrate principles of teaching/learning into
courses (social learning, mastery learning, feedback)
Promote expression of alternative views, ideas; critical thinking
Avoid “learner blame” Keep expectations reasonable
*All images courtesy of Google Images
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