Recommendations to Ensure Proper Cement...

Recommendations to Ensure Proper

Cement Placement

Bryce London

Tech. Professional-Lead

Ideal Conditions

Market Challenge

Industry Best Practices

Top Five:

1. Condition the drilling

2. Use spacers and

flushes

3. Move the pipe

4. Centralise the

casing

5. Maximise the

displacement rate

1. OptiCem™ Software Cement Job Simulation

Finite Element Analysis

2. Displace 3D® Simulator Displacement models in 3D

Computational Fluid Dynamics

3. WellLife® Express Service Cement Sheath Stress Analysis

Finite Element Analysis

4. Data Acquisition Field data acquisition and monitoring

iCem®

Service 10%

Variables Affecting

Cement Placement

1. Centralization

2. Spacers

3. Mud Properties

4. Casing Movement

5. Pump Rates

Centralization Recommendation

Casing Hole

“Sag Point”

High As ECD’s

Allow C Mud

Casing

Cement

Formation

Standoff Comparison 100% Mud

100% Spacer

100% Lead

100% Mud

100% Spacer

100% Lead

Standoff Comparison

Top of Cement Desired Cement Top

Actual Top of Cement

Mud Channeling

Standoff Comparison

50% 30%

Spacer

Poor Mud Displacement on

Low Side of the Hole

Variables Affecting

Cement Placement

1. Centralization

2. Mud Properties

3. Spacers

4. Casing Movement

5. Pump Rates

FILTRATE

FILTRATE CEMENT

CASING

MOBILITY

FILTER

MOBILE

FORMATION

Effective Mud Removal

Basic Mud Displacement Factors

Optimal Mud Properties • Low as possible

• Flat Profile

Circulate and move pipe until: • Free of cuttings

• Required mud properties achieved in/out of well

• Gas free

• No lost circulation

• At least two hole volumes pumped, or as dictated by hole conditions

Variables Affecting

Cement Placement

1. Centralization

2. Mud Properties

3. Spacers

4. Casing Movement

5. Pump Rates

Need for Spacers

3 major functions:

1. Remove mud from the

2. Keeps mud and cement

separated

3. Water wet the pipe for

good bond

Spacer Volume Recommendation

Old Statement

My Statement

1000 ft or 10 min Contact Time

It Depends… 1. Mud properties

2. Spacer used

3. Rate pumped

4. Wellbore profile

Mud / Cement Compatibility

Small volume of spacer

is consumed by mud and

cement

Determining Optimal Spacer Volume

Adequate spacer

volume maintains

fluid separation

Determining ideal spacer volume

Spacer Properties

Density Hierarchy - “Heavier displaces Lighter”

Rheological Hierarchy - “Thicker displaces Thinner”

Water Wetting

Compatibility

– Incompatible fluids may cause:

• Thinning of mixed fluids resulting in settling of solids/ adverse effect

on cement mechanical properties

• Gellation resulting in increased frictional pressures (ECD’s) and an

adverse effect on cement pumpability

Fluid Train Rheology 100% Mud

100% Spacer

100% Lead

Flush Weighted Spacer

Spacer Comparison

Variables Affecting

Cement Placement

1. Centralization

2. Mud Properties

3. Spacers

4. Casing Movement

5. Pump Rates

Narrow Side Narrow Side

100% Mud

100% Spacer

100% Lead

Casing Rotation

Rotation Effects on Standoff

Rotation

10 rpm

Rotation

Variables Affecting

Cement Placement

1. Centralization

2. Mud Properties

3. Spacers

4. Casing Movement

5. Pump Rates

Recommendation

Pump as fast as wellbore conditions &

equipment allows

Factors Effecting Pump Rates

1. Formation Pressures

2. Horsepower requirement

3. On location operations

4. Surface Iron limitations

Pump Rates

6 BPM 10 BPM 18 BPM

Pump Rate Risk / Reward

Rate 12-bpm 24-bpm

Cement

Spacer

1000 ft

Experiment vs. Displace 3D® Simulator

After 10-sec After 20-sec After 30-sec

Experiment vs. 3D Displace

Wrap Up

Five Factors for Effective

Cement Placement

1. Centralization

2. Fluid Properties

3. Fluid Volumes

4. Pipe Movement

5. Pump Rate

Recommendations to Ensure Proper Cement...

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