Recent research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Recent research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Aug. 20, 2013

Minjuan HETongji University, Shanghai, China

1

Outline

1 History of timber structures in china

2 Important issues on the development of timber structures in China

3 Recent research on timber engineering at Tongji University

4 Prospect

Aug. 20, 2013 2

1 History of timber structures in china

Timber sturctures has a very long history in China. About 3500

years ago, Chinese started to build post and beam timber

constructions connected by mortise and tenon.

Dougong Tenon

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Foguang Temple

Built in 857 A.D. It is 34m in length and 17.77m in width.

Now a lot of timber palace, temples and pagodas are still in

existence.

1 History of timber structures in china

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Yingxian Wooden Pagoda

(built in 1056 A.D. )

It is 67 m in height.

The pagoda is a 9-story

octagonal building and was

constructed without using

any metal connectors. It is

also one of the tallest

ancient wooden buildings

in the world.

1 History of timber structures in china

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Hundreds of year ago, a lot of large scale timber constructions were

built.

1 History of timber structures in china

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From 50s to 70s last century, brick or concrete - timber hybrid

structures were built in lot of areas.

1 History of timber structures in china

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2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

In the 1980s, concerning the large population and shortage of

wood resource, our government restricted people to use timber as

construction material.

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2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

Recent ten years, with the increasing of imported wood resource

and local fast planted forest, our government encourage to use

timber as a kind of building material.

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Wood frame constructions in resident houses

Vancouver Garden in Beijing Villa in Shanghai

2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

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Wood frame constructions in public buildings

Conference center in Caofeidian, Hebei Province

Xiang'e school in Dujiangyan

2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

Tourism Buildings in Sichuan

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Glulam Structures in public buildings

A Toll gate in Yunnan province

Entrance of Chengdu Happy Valley

Shanghai Roller coaster

2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

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2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

Bridge in a golf club Shanghai A club in residential area Beijing

Glulam Structures in public buildings

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2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

Building-selling center in Wanke Jilin

2610 m2

Glulam Structures in public buildings

Tourism center in Qindao

1800 m2

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2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

Norway Pavilion,

consists of fifteen

assembled “trees”.

Each “tree” structure is

constructed of

laminated timber. After

the Expo each tree can

be easily moved and

become part of a new

landscape elsewhere.

2010 Shanghai Expo Building- Norway Pavilion

Glulam Structures in public buildings

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2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

The cube as the entrance is

post and beam construction

made of Glulam.2010 Shanghai Expo Building- Swedish Pavilion

Glulam Structures in public buildings

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Glulam Structures in reconstruction of temples

Xiangji Temple in Hangzhou

2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

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Glulam Structures in reconstruction of temples

Laojunge in Sichuan

2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

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Hybrid Structures

2010 Shanghai Expo Building - Vancouver Pavilion

2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

It is a three-story wooden-concrete hybrid building. The first floor is

reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structure and the second to third

floor is timber structure.

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2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China

Wood frame resident houses:

(1) How to solve the problem of limited land resource?

(2) Glulam structures are more favored. Wood frame works as

wall panel.

Glulam constructions:

How to increase lateral resistant strength and rigidity for post-

beam construction?

Timber constructions:

How to increase the ratio of land utilization?

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

(1) Tests and analysis for wood trusses

加载等级－跨中挠度

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101112131415161718

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

跨中挠度(mm)

加载等级

WT1

WT2

WT3

WT4

Load bearing capacity test

Failure mode

Load-displacement curve

Wood frame constructions

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Wood frame constructions

(2) Connections

Tooth plate connections

Joist hangerAug. 20, 2013 22

3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Shear wall tests

Shear wall modeling

Joint j

Shear (U2)

Shear (U3)

Joint i or the base

Wood frame constructions

(3) Shear walls

Compare between different wood-based panels

The lateral resistant ability of gypsum in share wall

Numerical modeling of shear wallAug. 20, 2013 23

3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Light wood frame building

Wood frame constructions

(4) Seismic performance - shaking table tests

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Nonlinear FE model for time-history analysis

Simplified model

Wood frame constructions

(5) 3D Numerical modeling

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Wood frame constructions

(6) Numerical modeling based on field measurement

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

150x270 glued lumber

200x200 glued lumber

Glulam constructions

(1) Performance of post-beam joists

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

The wood frame shear walls are used to increase the lateral resistance for this

kind of composite structural system.

Glulam constructions

(2) Lateral performance combining of wood frame and post-beam

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Up-lift of stud

Failure ModeNumerical Model

Glulam constructions

(3) Numerical Modeling based on test result

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Glulam constructions

(4) Full size connection tests of real project

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Hybrid constructions

(1) Comparison between timber floor and steel-concrete composite floor

For timber floor:

Decrease total structure weight: 23%

Decrease seismic action: 32%

Decrease vertical load on foundation: 48%

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Hybrid constructions

(2) Timber and concrete structure test

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

the hysteretic curve of point 5

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

displacement（mm）

load（kN）

#5测点骨架曲线

-41.98, -53.04

-17.64, -43.48-7.33, -23.48

24.6, 6042.61, 61.74

Fy:Fu:

Fy:

Fu:-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

位移（mm）

荷载（kN）

#5测点实测骨架曲线 #5测点拟合骨架曲线

The hysteretic curve of point 5

Load(k

N)

Test curve fitting curve

Numerical Model

Hybrid constructions

(3) Timber and concrete structure modeling

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

3-storey hybrid building

Hybrid constructions

(4) Shaking table tests of timber – concrete

hybrid structure

Aug. 20, 2013 34

3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Hybrid constructions

(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -1

Timber-steel

hybrid structure

Timber diaphragm

Steel moment resisting frame

Light wood-framed shear wall

Horizontal system

Vertical system

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Hybrid constructions

(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -2

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Hybrid constructions

(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -3

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Reversed cyclic loading test

Failure modes

Hybrid constructions

(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -4

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Hybrid constructions

(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -5

Timber-steel connection test Wood nail connection test

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

In-plane test for timber-steel hybrid diaphragm

Hybrid constructions

(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -6

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3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University

Numerical modeling

Hybrid constructions

(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -7

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4 Prospect

Issues on natural resource saving, energy-efficient technique

and low carbon emissions etc. can not be ignored in the

development of construction industry. There will be more

opportunities for timber constructions in China.

Because of large population and lack of land resource in China,

multi-storey timber and timber hybrid buildings may be a

reasonable alternative.

Aug. 20, 2013 42

Thanks for your attention!

hemj@tongji.edu.cn

Aug. 20, 2013 43