Reactive Power Managment Solution

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L A R SE N & T O UB R O L i mi t e d i s a m on g t h e w o rl d s m a j o r

m a nu f a ct u r er s o f L o w Vo l t ag e s w i t ch g ea r. I t s s c a l e

sophistication and r ange meets global benchmarks. L&T

established leadership position in the Indian market over a

d e c ad e a go a n d n o w h a s a g r o wi n g pr e s en c e in

Inter national Mar kets.

In addition to high quality products from its own factories,

L&T seeks out the best in Reactive Power Management

and Power Quality products from companies who meet its

benchmark and offers these products in the Indian market.

Reactive Power Management and Power Quality products

fr om MEHER ar e par t of the wor ld class pr oducts offered by

L&T.

MEHER is a 30 year young Indian or ganization engaged in

manufacturing of RPM & PQ pr oducts and Systems. It is an

ISO-9001:2000 BVQI certified manufacturing company. It

h a s g l ob a l s t a t e of a r t d e si g n & m a nu f a ct u r in g f a c il i t i es .

M EH E R h a s th e la rg e st i n st a ll e d b as e o f RP M & P Q

pr oducts and systems in India and has a significant global

pr esence. MEHER is also the largest supplier for power

factor correction capacitors in India.

M E H ER m a n uf a c t ur e s a l l t y p e s o f c a p ac i t o r d es i g ns i n b o t hL o w & M e d iu m Vo l t ag e s C u s to m e rs s e t t he w i d es t c h o ic e

of pr oducts, systems and total solutions in RPM & PQ.

L&T - MEHER views its r ole as a complete solution pr ovider

for RPM & PQ by not only offer ing pr oducts and systems but

a l s o s e r vi c e s su c h as H a r mo n i c & R e a ct i v e po w e r f l o w

studies through the vast and largest network of expert

ser vice pr ovider s in India.

L&T- MEHER also offer s tr aining pr ogr ammes for RPM &

P Q a t i t s T ra i n in g c e n te r s . L & T - M E H E R i s c o m mi t t e d t o t h e

M a rk e t i n t h e fi e l d of R P M & P Q b y p r o vi d i ng e n d t o e nd

solutions.

A Co m p le te Ra n g e o f Ele c tr ic a l Stan d a r d Pr o d u cts

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PRINCIPLES OF PFC 1

SELECTION OF CAPACITORS-5 STEP APPROACH 1

SELECTION OF CAPACITOR DUTY 3

CAPACITOR TECHNOLOGY 4

RANGE OVERVIEW

MD-XL -ULTRA (HIGHEST LONGEVITY) 6

SUPER HEAVY DUTY 7

HEAVY DUTY 8

STANDARD DUTY 10

DE-TUNING FILTER REACTORS 11

THYRISTOR SWITCH 12

MI NI- VAR 14

ORDERING CODE & DIMENSIONAL DETAILS 15

GENERAL TECHNICAL INFORMATI ON 20

CONTENTS

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Power Factor Correction Capacitors have been used

for many year s as the most cost effective solution for

PF improvement.

Moder n Electr ical networ ks ar e continuously evolving

into mor e complex installations due to the incr easing

usage of non-linear loads, sophisticated control &

automation, UPS systems, ener gy efficiency

impr ovement devices etc.,

This evolution is also accompanied by increased

dependency on captive power gener ation as well as

growing concerns about incoming supply power quality.

In this background, it is necessar y to also evolve the

Power Factor Cor r ection Solution to a higher level so as

to ensure sustainable achievement of high PF &

acceptable har monic distor tion levels.

The selection of the cor rect type of PFC Capacitor s &

Filter Reactors thus needs better under standing of the

various issues involved.

This publication outlines a 5 Step technology based

approach, simplified for easier understanding to enable

the cor r ect selection of PFC Capacitor s & Filter Reactor s.

Figure 2: Network without capacitor. Figure 3: Network with capacitor

Flow of active and r eactive power always takes place in electr ical installations. This means that the supply system has to

be capable of supplying both active and reactive power. The supply of reactive power from the system results in reduced

installation efficiency due to:

1) Increased current flow for a given load

2) Higher voltage drops in the system

3 ) I nc re as e i n l os se s o f t ra ns fo rm er s, sw it ch ge ar an d c ab le s

4 ) H ig he r k VA d em an d f ro m s up pl y s ys te m a s g iv en in fi gu re 2

5 ) H ig he r e le ct ri ci ty co st du e t o l ev y o f p en al ti es / l os s o f i nc en ti ve s

It is ther efor e necessar y to reduce & manage the flow of r eactive power to achieve higher efficiency of the electr ical system

and r eduction in cost of electr icity consumed.

The most cost effective method of reducing and managing reactive power is by power factor improvement through power

capacitor s. The concept of r eduction in kVA demand fr om the system is shown in figur e 3.

1

A vast major ity of electr ical loads in low voltage industr ial installations ar e inductive in natur e. Typical examples ar e motor s,

tr ansfor mer s, dr ives & fluor escent lighting. Such loads consume both Active and Reactive power. The active power is used by

the load it meet its r eal output r equir ements wher eas reactive power is used by the load to meet its magnetic field

r equir ements. The r eactive power ( inductive) is always 90 deg lagging with r espect to active power as shown in figur e1. Figur e

2 & 3 show the flow of kW, kVAr and kVA in a network.

S E L E CT I O N O F C A PA C I TO R - 5 S T E P A P P RO A C H

P R IN C IP L ES O F P O WE R FA C TO R C O RR E CT I ON

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It is str ongly r ecommended that the above table be followed as a guideline for selecting the appropr iate capacitor for a

given application.

While choosing the type of Duty it is also very important to identify the % age non-linear load in the system. The method

of calculating the % age non-linear load is shown below:

C A L CU L AT I O N O F N O N- L I N EA R L O A D

Example:

Installed transformer rating = 1000 kVA

Non-linear loads = 100 kVA%non- linear loads = (non-linear loads/transformer rating) x 100

= (100/1000) x 100

= 10%Examples of non-linear loadUPS, Ar c / induction fur nace, Rectifier s AC/DC Dr ives, Computer, CFL lamps, CNC machines, etc.

Duty Ove r curre nt Permissibl e Peak inrush Temperat ure Maximumover voltage current s switching@rated operations/voltage 440V year

Standard 1.5XIn 1.1 Un 200 X In -25c to 55 c 5000

Heavy 1.8XIn 1.2 Un 300 X In -25c to 55 c 6000Super heavy 2.0XIn 1.3 Un 350 X In -25c to 55 c 8000

MD XL-Ultr a 2.5 XIn 1.3 Un 400 X In -25c to 70c 10000

% a ge non-l inea r l oad Ty pe of d ut y

10% Standard Duty

Up to 15% Heavy Duty

Up to 20% Super Heavy Duty

Up to 25% MD XL- Ultr a

Above 25% 30% Use Capacitor + Reactor (detuned

Above 30% Hybr id filter s(Active filter +detuned filter s)*

* -for solutions contact L& T-ME HE R

Impre gna nts & Filling ma te ria ls use d in Ca pa c itors:

MPP Capacitor s: The pr efer r ed mater ials used ar e

F il li ng w it h N on -P CB S of t P ol y U re th an e R es in

I mp re gn at io n & F il li ng w it h I ne rt Ga s

I mp re gn at io n wi th I ne rt G as + E nc ap su la ti ng w it hN o n -P C B R i g i d r es i n .

APP Capacitor s: The impr egnant is a speciale l e ct r i c al g r a de s y n th e t ic n o n- P C B o i l r e f er r ed t oa s P XE o r J ar y l ec .

MD- XL Capacitor s: The impr egnant is a mix of speciale l e ct r i c al g r ad e o i l s .

It is to be noted that the choice of impr egnants and fillingmater ials is r elated to the design of the dielectr ic system& the constr uction of the capacitor.

Consequently, the type of impregnating and fillingmater ial used should not be a cr iter ia for selecting theduty cycle of the capacitor.

3

S T E P 2 : S e l e ct i o n o f C a p a ci t o r s

Selection of type of Capacitor is the fir st decision to be made. Power Factor Cor r ection Capacitor s can be classified asfollows:

Standard duty

Heavy duty

Super heavy duty

MDXL- ULTRA

The cr iter ia for this classification is based on the following:

Operating life

P er mi ss ib le ov er v ol ta ge & o ve r c ur re nt co up le d w it h t he ti me d ur at io n

Number of switching operations per year

Peak inrush curr ent withstand capability

Operating ambient temperatur e

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C a pa c it o r Te ch n ol o gy & C o ns t ru ct i on d et a il sMPP Ty pe Ca pac itors : M P P t y p e c a pa c i t or s a r e

manufactured in three different types such as Standard

duty, Heavy duty and Super Heavy duty. The Standard

duty capacitors ar e manufactur ed using standar d

thickness of dielectr ic material with heavy edge

metallization. Heavy duty capacitors are manufacturedusing thicker mater ial and in lower width which incr eases

cur r ent handling capacity as well as r educes temper atur e

rise. Super Heavy duty capacitors are manufactured

using thicker material, in lower width and have greater

ability to handle in-rush current.

4

Note: As in the case of selection of capacitor s De- tuned

filter APFC panels must be selected if non- linear loads

exceed as per previous table.

STEP 5 : To a c hie v e tra ns c e nt fre e unity PF

To decide whether transient free PF Correction is

required. This is due to the fact that conventional

switching techniques of capacitor s involving electr o-

m e c ha n i ca l c o n ta c t or s w i l l g i v e r i s e t o t r a ns i e nt

phenomena. This transient phenomena can interact withimpedances present in the installation to create Surges.

This occur r ence of sur ges can cause ser ious damage to

sensitive electr onics and automation r esulting in either

their malfunction or permanent damage. The transient

phenomenon is a sudden r ise in voltage or cur r ent at the

point of switching.

In this backgr ound, it is impor tant to ensure that all the

capacitor s installed ar e switched in a tr ansient fr ee

manner so as to ensur e r eliable per for mance of the

installation.

In such a situation, it is necessar y to specify the use

of Thyr istor Switches for tr ansient fr ee switching

of Capacitor s.

Note : Thyristor switching can also be used for Dynamic

compensation which is needed if the fluctuation of

loads is ver y high. Such as lifts, welding loads, fast

p re s se s e t c.

M PP - S up er H ea vy D ut y

M P P - S t a nd a rd d u t y

M P P - H ea v y D u t y

STEP 3: To avoid risk of resonance

To make a choice between the use of Capacitors or

Capacitor s + Filter Reactor s. This is impor tant, because it

is necessary to avoid the risk of Resonance as the

phenomena of Resonance can lead to current and

harmonic amplification which can cause wide spread

d a ma g e to a l l v a r ie t i es o f E le c t r ic a l & E l e ct r o ni c

equipment in the installation including Capacitors. This

can be avoided by installing capacitor+filter reactor.

Ca ution: It is safer to select a combination of Capacitor

+ Filter Reactor so as to ensur e that

PF impr ovement is achieved in a r eliable manner

and the risk of resonance is avoided.

S T E P 4 : To a c h i e ve t a r g e t P F

To estimate whether fixed compensation or automatic

compensation is to be used. In order to achieve high

power factor i.e., close to unity PF, the following guideline

may be adopted to make a decision.

If the total kVAr r equir ed by the installation is less than

15% of the rating of the incoming supply transformers,then the use of fixed capacitors may be adopted at

var ious points in the installation.

If the kVAr required by the installation is more than 15%

of the rating of the incoming supply transformers, then

automatic power factor correction solution needs to be

adopted.

APFC panels with suitable kVAr outputs may be

distributed and connected across various points within

the installation.

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paper is the enabler for achieving the highest quality of

impr egnation which is cr itical for incr easing dielectr ic

str ength.

Fur ther, this quality of oil impr egnated dielectr ic system

h a s f a r s up e r io r c a p ab i l i ti e s i n t e r ms o f p a r ti a l d i s ch a r ge

behavior and the conduction of heat.

The combination of these properties elevates the

performance of this type of capacitor beyond the levels

which can be achieved with any other capacitor technology.

Ther efor e this design is r ated the most super ior among

all capacitor designs. It also has an Excellent Price vs.

Performance ratio.

A P P ( F i l m / Fo i l ) t yp e :

These capacitors are manufactured using Hazy

Polypr opylene film as Dielectr ic mater ial and ar e

impr egnated with oil. In these capacitor s Aluminum Foil is

used as electrode. As a standard practice, these

capacitors are manufactured using double thick film. But

there is one more practice of manufacturing capacitors

using two thin layer s of film between electr odes, which is

having some disadvantages compar ed to double thick

film design.

I ) Tw o th in l ay er s a re n ot c ap ab le o f wi th st an di ng

higher voltages compar ed to one thick layer

i i) Q ua li ty o f th in f il m is m or e in co ns is te nt

iii) Failure of one thin layer leads to higher electric stress

on the other thin layer, which also fails faster

5

T h e M D X L U l t r a C a pa c i to r

This capacitor is classified separ ately since it is the only

technology which is capable of giving the longest life,

highest overload limits and the highest operating ambient

temperature.

The r easons for this technology to be able to deliver such

high performance are as follows:

MDXL technology featur es the use of the combination of polypr opylene film & capacitor paper.

Consequently, it is feasible to achieve the highest

dielectr ic str ength by good vacuum drying & oil

impregnation. It is important to note that the presence of

D u a l S i d e M e t al i s e d P a p er

Tissue Paper

O i l I m p r eg n a t ed

P P F il m

A luminum Foil

P P F il l m

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M D X L U LT R A C A PA C IT OR S

APPLICATION:

PF cor rection in LV network

F ix ed p ow er f ac to r c or re ct io n f or Mo to rs ,

tr ansfor mer s, etc.

APFC systems

Harmonic filter s

FEATURES

S pe ci al t is su e p ap er wi th h ea vy ed ge m et al li za ti on

on both the sides for better electr ical contact.

C ap ac it or s i n un iq ue -q ua dr il at er al s ha pe d me ta l

enclosur es-mechanically well suited for 'stand alone'

installations

H ea vy ed ge me ta ll iz at io n t o e ns ur e h ig h i nr us hcur r ent withstand capability upto 400 x In

C on ti nu ou s w or ki ng t em pe ra tu re u pt o 7 0 c

Oil impregnated capacitor s

S ui tabl e f or 'Fl ex i-ba nk in g

SAFETY

Self-healing

Discharge resist ors

P re ss ur e s en si ti ve d is co nn ec to r

A va il ab le in no n- po ll ut in g, No n P CB ,

Bio-degradable oil

Standards IS 1 3340-1993,IS 1 3341-1992,IEC 6 0831-1+2

Rated voltage 415/440V(other ratings on request)

Over voltage +10%(12h/24h), +15%(30m/24h),+20%(5m ),+30%(1m)

As per clause 6.1 of IS 13340- 1993Over cur rent 2.5 x In

Peak inrush curr ent 400 x In

Operating losses (dielectric) 0.2 W/kVAr

Operating losses (total) 0.45 W/kVAr

Operating temperature -25c to 70c(Other categories on request)

Impr egnation Non PCB insulating oil

Terminals Bushing terminals designed for large size cable termination anddirect busbar mounting for banking

Switching operation 10,000

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MPP-SHD (90R) APP(2 0F)

APPLICATION: APPLICATION:

PF cor rection in LV net wor k PF correction in LV network

Fixed power factor correction. Automatic power factor correction

APFC systems Fixed power factor corr ection Har monic filters Harmonic filters

FEATURES FEATURES

C ap ac it or i n r ec ta ng ul ar s ha pe w it h i nb ui lt i nd uc to r B i- ax ia ll y o ri en te d h az y f il m t o e ns ur e g oo dcoil (inr ush limiter). oil impregnat ion.

Heav y ed ge met al li zat ion/ w av e c ut edge t o ens ure Su it able f or f lex i bank ing.high inr ush cur r ent with stand capability upto 350 X In

S pe ci al r es it iv it y a nd p ro fi le o f m et al li za ti on f or H ig h p ea k i nr us h c ur re nt w it hs ta nd c ap ab il it yenhanced life.

Suitable for flexible banking. Specially vaccum processed,oil impregnateddesign

SAFETY SAFETY

Self healing Internal fuse design

Pressur e sensitive disconnector Non polluting. Non PCB oil

Non- PCB, PU resin filled Dischar ge resistors

Protect ive steel enclosure Pr otective steel enclosure

Discharge resistors

Standards I S 13340-1993,I S 13341-1992,IE C 60831-1+2 IS 13585-1994

Rated voltage 415/440V(other ratings on request) 415/ 440V (other rati ngs on r equest)

o v e r v o l t ag e + 1 0 % ( 12 h / 2 4h ) , + 1 5 % ( 30 m / 2 4h ) , + 2 0% ( 5 m ), + 3 0 % (1 m ) + 1 0 % (1 2 h / 24 h ) , + 1 5 % (3 0 m / 24 h ) , + 20 % ( 5 m) , + 3 0 %( 1 m )

As per c lause 6.1 of IS 13340-1993 As per c lause 6. 1 of I S 13585-1994

over current 2.0 x In 2.0 x In

Peak inrush current 350 x In 350 x I n

O p e r at i n g l o s s es ( d i el e c t ri c ) 0.2 W/ kVAr 0.2 W/kVAr

O pe ra ti ng l os se s(total) 0.45 W/kVAr 0.45 W/kVAr

A m bi e nt t e mp e ra t ur e -25c to 55c -25c to 55c

(other c ategories on r equest) (other c ategories on r equest)

Impregnation Non P CB thermostat resi n ( oi l on r equest) Non P CB insulating o il

Terminals Bushing term inal s designed for lar ge size cable Bushing terminals designed for large siz e cabl et er m in at io n a nd d ir ec t b us ba r m o un ti ng f or b an ki ng t er mi na ti on a nd d ir ec t b us ba r m ou nt in g f or banking.

7

S U PE R H E AV Y D U TY C A PA C IT OR S

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MPP-H(80R) MPP-H(93R)

APPLICATION: APPLICATION:

PF cor rection in LV net wor k PF corr ection in LV network

F ix ed p ow er f ac to r c or re ct io n f or M ot or s, A ut om at ic p ow er f ac to r c or re ct io n

tr ansfor mer s.etc. APFC systems Fixed power factor cor rection

Motor s, tr ansfor mer s, etc.

Har monic filters Harmonic filter s

FEATURES FEATURES

H ea vy e dg e m et al li za ti on / w av e c ut e dg e t o e ns ur e B es t s ui te d f or A PF C d ue t o c om pa ct s pa ce s av in ghigh inr ush cur r ent with stand capability upto 300 X In design unique 'clamptite' finger pr oof ter mination

U ni qu e q ua dr il at er al s ha pe d m et al e nc lo su re s H ea vy e dg e m et al li za ti on / w av e c ut e dg e t o e ns ur eM ec ha ni ca ll y w el l s ui te d f or 's ta nd al on e' in st al la ti on s h ig h i nr us h c ur re nt wi th st an d c ap ab il it y up to 25 0 X I n

S pe ci al r es it iv it y a nd p ro fi le o f m et al li za ti on f or S pe ci al r es it iv it y a nd p ro fi le o f m et al li za ti on f or enhanced life enhanced life Higher ther mal efficiency with lower

Suitable for flexible banking temperatur e rise

SAFETY SAFETY

Self healing Self healing

P re ss ur e s en si ti ve d is co nn ec to r P re ss ur e s en si ti ve d is co nn ec to r

Non- PC B, thermos tat P U res in/ oi l f il le d N on-P CB, the rmos tat P U res in/ oi l f il led

Protect ive steel enclosure Discharge r esistor s

Discharge resistors

Standards I S 13340-1993,I S 13341-1992,IE C 60831-1+2 IS 13340-1993,I S 13341-1992,I EC 60831-1+2

Rated voltage 415/440V(other ratings on request) 415/ 440V (other rati ngs on r equest)

o v e r v o l t ag e + 1 0 % ( 12 h / 2 4h ) , + 1 5 % ( 30 m / 2 4h ) , + 2 0% ( 5 m ), + 3 0 % (1 m ) + 1 0 % (1 2 h / 24 h ) , + 1 5 % (3 0 m / 24 h ) , + 20 % ( 5 m ), + 3 0 % (1 m )

As per c lause 6.1 of I S 13340-1993 As per c lause 6. 1 of I S 13585-1994

over current 2.0 x In 1.8 x In

Peak inrush current 300 x In 250 x I n

O p e r at i n g l o s s es ( d i el e c t ri c ) 0.2 W/kVAr 0.2 W/kVAr

O pe ra ti ng l os se s(total) 0.45 W/kVAr 0.45 W/kVAr

A m bi e nt t e mp e ra t ur e -25c to 55c -25c to 55c

(other c ategories on r equest) (other c ategori es on r equest)

Impregnation Non P CB thermostat resi n ( oil on r equest) Non P CB insulati ng o il

Terminals Bushing ter minals designed for large size cabl e Three way cl amptite termi nal with shock protectiont er mi na ti o n a nd d ir ec t bu sb ar m ou nt in g f or b an ki ng s pe ci al l y d es ig ne d f or I n di an c on di ti on

8

H E AV Y D U T Y C A PA C I TO R S

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Standards IS 1 3340-1993,IS 1 3341-1992,IEC 6 0831-1+2

Rated voltage 415/440V(other ratings on request)

Over voltage +10%(12h/24h), +15%(30m/24h),+20%(5m ),+30%(1m)

Over cur rent 1.8 x In

Peak inrush curr ent 250 x In

Operating losses (dielectric) 0.2 W/kVAr

Operating losses (total) 0.45 W/kVAr

Operating temperature -40c to 55c(other categories on request)

Impr egnation Non PCB inert gas

Terminals Three way clamptite terminal with shock protection speciallydesigned for Indian conditions

Switching operation 6,000

SAFETY

Self-healing Discharge resistors

P re ss ur e s en si ti ve d is co nn ec to r

Av ai la bl e i n n on -p ol lu ti ng , N on S f I ne rt Ga s6

9

H E AV Y D U TY C A PA C IT OR S - G AS F I LL ED

MPP-G(63G)

APPLICATION:

F ix ed p ow er f ac to r c or re ct io n f or Mo to rs ,

tr ansfor mer s, etc.

APFC systems

Harmonic filter s

FEATURES

B es t su it ed fo r A PF C p an el s du e t o Co mp ac t sp ac e

saving design Unique 'damptite' finger proof

Termination

H ea vy ed ge me ta ll iz at io n/ w av e c ut ed ge t o e ns ur ehigh inrush current with stand capability upto

2 50 X I n

S pe ci al r es it iv it y a nd p ro fi le o f me ta ll iz at io n fo r

enhanced life

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MPP-S( 19R) MPP-S( 83R) MPP-D(26D-AGD)

APPLICATION: APPLICATION: APPLICATION:

Fixed & n ormal v ariable Fixed PF corr ection Fixed PF correction fr omPF cor rection Automatic PF correction 1 to 6 kVAr only

FEATURES FEATURES FEATURES

Unique quadrilateral Best suited for APFC panels due Dry type wall mountableshaped Metal enclosur es to compact space saving design Compact in size

M ec hani cal ly w el l s ui ted f or H igher t he rmal eff ic ien cy w it h'stand alone' installations. lower temperature rise

H ea vy e dg e m et al li za ti on / H ea vy e dg e m et al li za ti on /wave cut edge to ensure high wave cut edge to ensure highi nr us h c urrent wi th s tan d c apabi li ty i nrus h c ur rent wi th s tand c ap abi lt y

S u it a bl e f o r f l ex i bl e b an k in g.

SAFETY SAFETY SAFETY

Self healing Self healing Self healing

P re ss ur e s en si ti ve d is co nn ec to r P re ss ur e s en si ti ve d is co nn ec to r P ro te ct iv e s te el e nc lo su re

Non Polluting, Non-PCB, Non Polluting, Non-PCB,Thermoset resin Thermoset resin

Discharge r esistors Discharge resistors

Standards IS 13340-1993,IS 13341- IS 13340-1993,IS 13341 IS 13340-1993, IS 133411992, IEC 60831-1+ 2 -1992,IE C 60831-1+2 -1992,IE C 60831-1+2

Rated voltage 415/440V(other r atings 4 15/440V (other ratings 415/ 440V (other rati ngson r equest) on r equest) on request)

O ve r v ol ta ge + 10 %( 12 h/ 24 h) , + 15 %( 30 m/ 24 h) , + 10 %( 12 h/ 24 h) , + 15 %( 30 m/ 24 h) , + 10 %( 12 h/ 24 h) , + 15 %( 30 m/ 24 h) ,+20%(5m),+30%(1m) +20% (5m),+30% (1m) +20%(5m), +30%(1m)

A s pe r c la us e 6. 1 of I S 13 34 0- 19 93 A s pe r c la us e 6. 1 of I S 13 34 0- 19 93 A s pe r c la us e 6. 1 of I S 13 34 0- 19 93

Over current 1.5 x In 1. 5 x I n 1. 5 x InPeak inrush current 200 x In 200 x In 100 x I n

O p e r at i n g l o s s es ( d i el e c t ri c ) 0. 2 W/kVAr 0.2 W/kVAr0.2 W/kVAr

O pe ra ti ng l os se s(total) 0.45 W/kVAr 0.45 W/kVAr 0.45 W/kVAr

A m bi e nt t e mp e ra t ur e -25c to 55c -25c to 55c -5c to 50c

(other categories o n request) (other categor ies on r equest)

Impregnation Non PCB thermostat resin Non PCB i nsulating oil Non PCB resi n( o i l o n r e q u es t )

Terminals Bushi ng t erm inal s designed f or Three w ay clam pti te ter minal Cable out term ination

l ar ge s iz e ca bl e te rm i na ti on a nd w i th s ho ck p ro te ct io n s pe ci al l yd i r ec t b u sb a r m o un t in g f o r b a nk i ng d e si g ne d f o r I n di a n c o nd i ti o n

Swi tching operation 5000 5000 NA

10

MPP-S 19R MPP-S 83R MPP-D 26D

S TA N D AR D D U T Y C A PA C I TO R S

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Standards IEC : 60289 / VDE 0532 / En 61558 / IS: 5553

Rated voltage and frequency Un = 440V, 50Hz

Series resonance frequency 210 Hz.(5.67%), 189 Hz.(7%) and 134Hz.(14%)

M ax . Pe rm is si bl e o pe ra ti ng vo lt ag e 1 .0 5 x Un co nt in uo us ly & 1 .1 x Un fo r 8 ho ur s da il y

M ax . Pe rm is si bl e o pe ra ti ng cu rr en t I l = 1. 06 x In , H ig h l in ea ri ty 1. 75 x In c on ti no us ly

Duty cycle (Irms) 100%

Class of Pr otection I

Ambient temper atur e 40C

Temper ature class Class F (0ther class on request)

Protection Thermal switch

kVAr In Losses Dimensions (mm) Weight

Qn A Watts W W1 D D1 H kgs@440 V

10 14. 9 82 213 134 126 102 180 11. 5

12.5 18. 6 105 213 134 126 102 180 12.5

20 29. 7 110 220 120 140 118 200 15

25 37. 2 120 225 150 148 124 240 18.2

40 59.5 200 250 180 150 130 235 27

50 74.4 240 282 145 160 136 235 32

75 111.5 260 90 150 180 150 250 40

100 148.7 400 296 160 208 178 267 54

11

Ta ble for 7 % de tuning Re a c tor

D E - T UN E D H A R MO N I C R E A C TO R

Reactors are used along with Capacitors to from De -

tuned Har monic filter

Capacitors can be of any of the following Types

MP P - H - Rec tan gul ar or Cy li ndri cal

MPP - G - Cylindr ical

APP - Rectangular MDXL - Rectangular

APPLICATION:

D et un ed Fi lt er s f or mi ti ga ti ng ha rm on ic s.

Available in 5.67 , 7 & 14 %

FEATURES

High linearity

C om pa ct si ze an d c on ve ni en t m ou nt in g

Low l osses

Low noise level

CPRI tested

IS :5553

SAFETY

Te mp er at ur e p ro te ct io n b y p ro vi di ng

t h e rm a l s w i t c h.

High insulation level

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Input voltage 415/440 V,50HZ,3ph

Rated frequency 50/60 HZ

Command signal TTL output /APFC or (electr omechanical relay-optional) (thenecessar y d.c voltage is built in the thyr istor switch itself)

Switch time Average 10 msec

Indications -A.C supply ON

- c o mm a n d s i gn a l O N

- R p h as e c u r re n t O N

- Y p h a se c u r re n t O N

- B p h as e c u rr e n t ON

-over current/over temp

Control Reset command to syst em after over current

Ambient temper atur e 50'c

Power dissipation -below 10 kVAr-app 25 W

-above 25 kVAr-app 35 W

-50 kVAr app- 70W

12

T H Y RI S TO R S W I T CH

APPLICATION:

R ap id ly fl uc tu at in g l oa ds dy na mi ca ll y o r r ea l t im e

switching systems

E li mi nat ion of v ol tage dip s

FEATURES

Simplicity of installation Compact size

Status display

Self-diagnosis

E li mi nat ion of inru sh cu rrent

U se r f ri en dl y in di ca ti on s a nd co nt ro l

SAFETY

O ve r c ur re nt tr ip o ve r t em pe ra tu re t ri p

Please refer to Drawing

kVAr Amps Cat No Size WeightW x D x H

12.5 17.4 TS3125B1 130 x 180 x 228 4.8

25 34.7 TS3250B1 130 x 180 x 228 4.8

50 69.5 TS3500B1 130 x 180 x 228 6.0

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Modern Power networks cater to a wide variety of

electr ical and power electr onics loads, which create a

varying power demand on the supply system. In case of

such varying loads, the power factor also varies as a

function of the load requirements. It therefore becomes

pr actically difficult to maintain consistent power factor by

the use of fixed compensation i.e.fixed capacitor s which

shall need to be manually switched to suit the var iations

of the load. This will lead to situations wher e the

installation can have a low power factor leading to higher

demand charges and levy of power factor penalties.

In addition to not being able to achieve the desired power

factor it is also possible that the use of fixed

compensation can also result in leading power factor

under certain load conditions. This is also unhealthy for

the installation as it can r esult in over voltages, satur ationof tr ansfor mer s, mal- oper ation of diesel gener ating sets,

penalties by electr icity supply author ities etc.

Consequently the use of fixed compensation has

limitations in this context. It is ther efor e necessar y to

automatically var y, without manual inter vention, the

compensation to suit the load requirements.

This is achieved by using on Automatic power factor

cor r ection( APFC) system which can ensur e consistently

high power factor without any manual inter vention. Inaddition, the occur r ence of leading power factor will be

prevented.

APFC pr oducts ar e fully automatic in oper ation and can

be use to achieve:

C o ns i st e nt l y h i gh po w er f ac t or un d er fl u ct u at i ng lo ad

conditions.

E li mi na ti on o f lo w p ow er f ac to r pe na lt y l ev ie d by

electr ical supplyauthor ities.

R ed uc e k VA d em an d c ha rg es .

L ow e r e ne r gy c on s um pt i on i n t h e i n st a ll a ti o n b y

reducing losses.

P re v en t io n of l e ad i ng p ow e r f a ct o r i n an i n st a ll a ti o n.

T h e ba s i c o p er a t io n i s a s f o l lo w s :

To c on t in uo us l y s e ns e an d mo ni t or t he l oa d co nd i ti o n

b y t h e u s e of t h e e xt e r na l C T ( w h os e o u tp u t i s f e d t o

t h e c on t r ol R e l ay )

To a ut om at ic al ly s wi tc h ON a nd O FF r el ev an t

Capacitor steps to ensure consistent power factor.

To en s ur e e as y u s er in t er f ac e f o r e na bl i ng re l ia bl eunderstanding of system operations carried outs etc.

To pr o te c t a ga i ns t an y el e ct r ic a l f a ul t s i n a ma nn er

that will ensur e safe isolation of the power factor

correction equipment.

S A L I EN T F E AT U R E S

Modular design which allows easy handling by the user

and also capable of being extended/upgraded The

incoming switchgear provided has 9 kA, for 5 to 25 kVAr.

& 25 kA, for 25 < 50 kVAr fault inter r upting capability.

Copper bus bar system suitable for withstanding 50 kA

fault curr ent. Minimal jointing in all the connections to

ensure better reliability and lower losses.

13

N E ED F O R A U TO MAT I C P O WE R FA C TO R C O RR E CT I ON

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m i n i VA r - A ut o m at i c Po w er F a ct o r C o n tr o l Pa n el S u it a b l e f o r 3 P h , 4 4 0V A C 5 0 Hz . AU T O

14

Power Range 5 kVAr, t o 50 kVAr.

Rated Voltage 440 V.

Rated Fr equency 50 Hz.

Short Circuit Rating 9 kA, for 5 to 25 kVAr. & 25 kA, for 25 < 50 kVAr.

Altitude 1000 m .

Duty Continuous.

Ambient temper atur e - 5 to +40 deg. C.

Standards IEC-61921.

Power Supply Three phase, four line.

Relay current input signal -- / 5A, from CT on line.

Relay voltage input signal Tapped inter nally.

The Enclosure The basic structure is made of 1.2 mm. sheet steel

The front door is made of 1.6 mm. sheet steel

And the mounting plate of components is of 2. mm.

The inter nal components ar e accessible on opening the fr ont door .

The protection rating is IP42 / IP52.

Installation Indoor, wall mounted, in a well ventilated non- dusty environment. Cable entry

from bottom.

Incomer A f our pole mcb, up to 25 kVAr, and a thr ee- pole mccb, above 25 kVAr.

Internal wiring Using FRLS c able, o f adequate section

Capacitors Cylindrical, dr y type three phase units. ( see table for step ratings.) The capacitors

are equipped with discharge device, and over pressure device.

Contactors Three pole Capacitor dut y contactors of adequate ratings for respective steps.

The controller A micropr ocessor based r elay with 4 / 6 out put contacts for switching contactor s,

having PF indication, built in time delays, and alar m indication for CT r ever sal.

Pr otection Apart from t he protections associated with the capacitor itself, Ther e is a thermostat,

which disconnect the entire panel in the event of excessive temper ature r ise in the

enclosur e. As a safety measur e, an inter lock is pr ovided so that when the fr ont door

i s o p en e d, t h e e n ti r e p an e l w i l l t r i p.

Rating Steps X kVAr Switching DimensionskVAr N x Q C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Sequence W x H x D

5 5 x 1 1 2 2 1:2:2 300,600,200

8 8 x 1 1 2 2 3 1:2:2: 3 300,600,200

10 10 x 1 1 2 3 4 1:2:3: 4 300,600,200

12.5 5x 2.5 2.5 5 5 1:2:2 300,600,200

15 6x 2.5 2.5 5 7.5 1:2:3 300,600,200

20 8x 2.5 2.5 2.5 5 10 1:1:2:4 300,600,200

25 10x2.5 2.5 5 7.5 10 1:2:3:4 300,600,200

35 7 x 5 5 5 5 10 10 1:1:1:2:2 500,700,200

40 8 x 5 5 10 10 15 1:2:2:3 500,700,200

50 10 x 5 5 5 10 15 15 1:1:2:3:3 500,700,200

TA B L E O F S T E P R AT I N GS

Capacitor Steps in kVAr

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15

Dime ns ional De ta ils of APFC Pa ne l

Dime ns iona l De ta ils of Re c ta ngula r Ca pa c itors

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1 7. 5 9.8 3 x 41.1 263 x 89 x 282 x 243 3.5 19R3075B32 8. 0 10.5 3 x 43.8 263 x 89 x 282 x 243 3.5 19R3080B3

3 10.0 13.1 3 x 54.8 263 x 89 x 282 x 243 3.7 19R3100B3

4 12.5 16.4 3 x 68.5 263 x 89 x 282 x 243 3.7 19R3125B3

5 15.0 19.7 3 x 82.2 263 x 89 x 382 x 243 5.0 19R3150B3

6 20.0 26.2 3 x 109.6 263 x 89 x 382 x 243 5.0 19R3200B3

7 25.0 32.8 3 x 137.0 263 x 89 x 382 x 243 5.2 19R3250B3

De s c ription : MPP-D (2 6 D) Ca pa c itor Ste e l Enclos ure , Thre e Pha s e , Delta Connec te d Re cta ngula r ty pe ,Cable out type Rated voltage : 440V. Rated Frequency: 50Hz

MPP-S (1 9 R) Sta nda rd duty Thre e Pha s e, De lta Conne c te d Re cta ngula r ty pe , Ra te d Volta ge : 4 4 0 VRated Frequency: 50Hz

1 1 1.31 3 x 5.48 114 55 120 0.45 26D3010B1

2 2 2.62 3 x 10.96 114 55 147 0.55 26D3020B1

3 3 3.94 3 x 16.44 114 55 120 0.65 26D3030B1

4 4 5.25 3 x 21.92 114 55 153 0.81 26D3040B1

5 5 6.56 3 x 27.40 114 55 163 0.83 26D3050B1

6 6 7.87 3 x 32.88 114 55 163 0.90 26D3060B1

MPP-SHD (9 0 R) Super He a v y duty Thre e Pha s e , De lta Conne c te d Re c ta ngular ty pe , Ra te d Volta ge : 4 40 VRated Frequency: 50Hz

1 15.0 19.7 3 x 82. 2 309x150x430x289 7.3 90R3150B3

2 20.0 26.2 3 x109.6 309x150x430x289 7.4 90R3200B3

3 25.0 32.8 3 x 137.0 309x150x430x289 7.5 90R3250B3

16

Dime ns ional de ta ils of re c tangula r c a pa c itors

o..

Drawing 1

Drawing 1

o..

o..

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18

1 5 6.6 3 x 27.4 63 195 0.6 63G3050B2

2 7.5 9.8 3 x 41.1 63 195 0.7 63G3075B2

3 10 13.1 3 x 54.8 75 203 0.9 63G3100B2

4 12.5 16.4 3 x 68.5 90 203 1.06 63G3125B2

5 15 19.7 3 x 82.2 90 203 1.3 63G3150B2

6 20 26.2 3x109.6 116 212 2.2 63G3200B27 25 32.8 3x137 136 212 2.7 63G3250B2

Drawing B

Drawing A

D i m e ns i o n a l d e ta i l s o f c y l i n d er c a p a ci t o r s

MPP-G (63G) Three Phase, Delta Connected Cylindrical type, Rated Voltage : 440VRated Frequency: 50Hz

d h

o..

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19

1 1 1.3 3 x 5.5 63 90 0.4 83R3010B2

2 2 2.6 3x11.0 63 115 0.5 83R3020B2

3 3 3.9 3x16.4 50 195 0.5 83R3030B2

4 4 5.2 3 x 21.9 63 195 0.7 83R3040B2

5 5 6.6 3 x 27.4 63 195 0.8 83R3050B2

6 7. 5 9.8 3x41.1 63 195 0.9 83R3075B2

7 10 13.1 3 x 54.8 75 203 1.2 83R3100B2

8 12.5 16.4 3 x 68.5 75 278 1.3 83R3125B2

9 15 19.7 3 x 82.2 75 278 1.4 83R3150B2

10 20 26.2 3x109.6 90 278 2.0 83R3200B2

11 25 32.8 3x137.0 90 278 2.1 83R3250B2

d h

Drawing B

1 1 1.3 3x5. 5 63 90 0.6 93R3010B2

2 2 2.6 3x11 50 195 0.7 93R3020B2

3 3 3.9 3x16.4 50 195 0.7 93R3030B2

4 4 5.2 3x21.9 63 195 0.8 93R3040B2

5 5 6.6 3 x 27.4 63 195 0.9 93R3050B26 7. 5 9.8 3x41.1 75 203 1.1 93R3075B2

7 1 0 13.1 3 x 54.8 75 278 1.4 93R3100B2

8 12.5 16.4 3 x 69.5 75 278 1.5 93R3125B2

9 15 19.7 3 x 82.2 90 278 2 93R3151B2

10 20 26.2 3x109.6 116 278 2.6 93R3200B2

11 25 32.8 3 x 137 116 278 2.7 93R3250B2Drawing A

Drawing B

MPP-S (8 3 R) Thre e Phas e , De lta Conne c te d Cy lindric a l ty pe , Ra te d Volta ge : 4 4 0 VRated Frequency: 50Hz

MPP-H (9 3 R) Thre e Phas e , De lta Conne c te d Cy lindric a l ty pe , Ra te d Volta ge : 4 4 0 VRated Frequency: 50Hz

o..

d h

o..

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20

General technical information

Ever y capacitor has a specific lowest and highest ambient temper atur e. Life of capacitor decr eases when oper ated

above that limit. Capacitor should not be exposed to heat and must be kept in a well ventilated position to avoid

overheating.

In detuned reactor application, the position of reactor affects the temperature of the air surrounding the capacitor. The

r eactor r adiates heat and should be placed always above the capacitor, pr efer ably on top or in a separ ate column.

The connecting cable between reactor and cables should be kept long to avoid heat transfer. It is always recommended

to implement for ced cooling in detuned r eactor filter panels. We should also consider the IP r ating befor e opting for

forced cooling.

The maximum allowed RMS cur r ent is given in technical data for each type of capacitor. Oper ating the capacitor beyond

that level will r educe the life of the capacitor. Higher cur r ent dr awn by capacitor means incr eased losses. This r esult in

heating of the capacitor, thereby, reducing its life.

Oper ating the capacitor beyond per missible limits of over voltage will damage the capacitor. Some levels of over

voltages are accepted only for a short duration but they reduce the life of the capacitor. Such levels must not occur for

more than 500 times in the life time of a capacitor.

Capacitor s have to be protected against shor t cir cuit cur r ents by using fuses or ther mal r elay. The fuse & ther mal r elay

should not operate for high inrush currents of the capacitor.

HRC fuse should never be used for switching. It will r esult in capacitor failur e and possible safety hazar d for the

operating personnel.

When the capacitor is switched to the networ k, high inr ush curr ents flow. Fast acting contactor s which ar e capable of

handling the high cur r ents level should be used. Capacitor contactor s ( connected with r esistor s) ar e better suited since

they can damp the high currents.

Capacitor s must be discharged befor e it is switched ON again. This helps to maintain the life of capacitor . This also

r educes the possibility of electr ical shock or capacitor failur e. The capacitor voltage must r educe to 50V within 1 min.

This is done by connecting a dischar ge r esistor acr oss the capacitor ter minals.

No disconnecting device must be connected between the capacitor and discharge resistor.

Before handling capacitor, it must be discharged and short circuited to avoid any danger to operating personnel.

The projection provided at the bottom of the capacitor has to be used for grounding.

A capacitor with any kind of damage should not be used. Any leakages and physical defor mity should be r epor ted to themanufacturer.

Capacitors connected in harmonic rich environment face problems regarding resonance, current amplification and

ultimately its failure. To avoid such problems, we need to use detuned reactor along with capacitor.

The capacitor s should be kept in an atmospher e fr ee fr om any cor r osive medium. They should be cleaned r egular ly to

prevent build up of dust on the terminals.

The pressure sensitive disconnector (PSD) is a protective mechanism provided to avoid the bursting of capacitor in the

event of failure. The lid of the capacitor projects upwards on the operation of PSD. Hence minimum clearance should beconsidered while constructing the panel. Any undue pressure should not be applied on the capacitor lid.

Also r equir ed clear ance should be maintained inside the panel for ventilation and to avoid any shor t cir cuit.

Effe c t of te mpe ra ture ris e :

Effe c t of c urre nt ra ting:

E f f e ct o f o v e r v o l t ag e :

Prote c tion of c a pa c itors :

Switc hing c a pa c itors:

Discharging capacitors:

Grounding of capacitor:

Mechanical damage:

Resonance:

Surroundings:

Clearance:

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