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1
Propelling Innovation & Performance
Range Safety Solution:
The Early Tracking System
Tam Tran
Pacific Missile Range Facility
10 May 2011
2
Propelling Innovation & Performance
Agenda
• Background
• Aegis Ashore
• Range Of Choice
• Range Safety Requirements
• Issues
• Summary
3
Propelling Innovation & Performance
“President Obama has approved the recommendation
of Secretary of Defense Gates and the Joint Chiefs of
Staff for a Phased, Adaptive Approach for missile
defense in Europe”. (THE WHITE HOUSE, Office of
the Press Secretary, September 17, 2009)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/FACT-SHEET-US-Missile-
Defense-Policy-A-Phased-Adaptive-Approach-for-Missile-Defense-in-
Europe/
Phased, Adaptive Approach
Missile Defense for Europe
4
Propelling Innovation & Performance
Aegis Ashore --- Testing Site Selection
The Aegis BMD ships and a future land-based platform named Aegis Ashore are the dominant systems in President Obama's Phased Adaptive Approach (PAA) for missile defense …
In order to meet the 2015 PAA time-line to place an Aegis Ashore in Europe, an Aegis Ashore test bed and prototype would have to be developed and built by 2012 at the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) in Kauai, Hawaii and to begin testing intercepts of this system by 2013 … http://www.missiledefenseadvocacy.org/
“We also will continue to design the first Aegis Ashore battery that will be installed for testing at the Pacific Missile Range Facility in 2012”.
Unclassified Statement of Lieutenant General Patrick J. O’Reilly, Director, Missile Defense Agency, Before the House Armed Services Committee Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Regarding the Fiscal Year 2011 Missile Defense Programs, Thursday, April 15, 2010, pp. 6-7
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
Funding for Aegis Ashore Test Facility
Senate Report 111-201 – NATIONAL DEFENSE
AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FY 2011
“The committee recommends a provision that would modify the table
in section 2401(a) of the Military Construction Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2010 (division B of Public Law 111-84; 123 Stat. 2641) to
authorize $68.5 million for the Aegis Ashore Test Facility
at the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Hawaii. This facility is
necessary to permit the testing and demonstration of the Aegis Ashore
system in time for its planned deployment in Phase 2 of the Phased
Adaptive Approach to missile defense in Europe, in the 2015
timeframe.”
Congress Authorized Funding
to build Aegis Ashore Test Facility in Hawaii
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
Because PMRF is… a Range of Choice
• The Range
– A leading multi-dimensional integrated test and training range
– The largest Underwater Tracking Range in the world
– Extended Ops area of 2.1 million square miles
– Unconstrained by geography, limited encroachment & minimal air/sea traffic
– The best & proven data collection record (Telemetry and Radar)
• The unique experiences
– Home of the Ballistic Missile Defense Testing
• 17 Aegis BMD flight tests
• 6 THAAD missions
• 4 Japan Aegis BMD flight tests
• Other MDA flight tests and RD&E programs
– HOLLYWOOD (submarine prospective commanding officer training)
– RIMPAC, the Rim of the Pacific Exercise, the world's largest international maritime exercise.
– US Forces (Air Force & US Navy) & Allies MSL firings/training
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
Benefits of PMRF to Aegis Ashore
• Congressional Support
• Unique Test & Evaluation Strengths
– Superlative Sensor and Telemetry Capabilities
– Experienced and Stable Workforce
– Thorough Understanding of Aegis BMD Flight Testing
– Proximity to Fleet
• Vast Range Area Allows Scenario Flexibility
– Facilitates the Ability to Trace Test Scenarios to Actual Threats
9
Propelling Innovation & Performance
Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (Aegis BMD)
At Sea SM-3 Missile Firings
Aegis Ashore
Land-based SM-3 Missile Firings
Aegis Ashore Test Complex at PMRF
From
To
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
Aegis Ashore Deckhouse and VLS
Concept
FCS – Fire Control System
CSMC Combat System Maintenance Central
CIC – Combat Information Center
VLS – Vertical Launch System
SPY and FCS
CSMC
CIC
Water Coolers
Power Supplies
VLS VLS
Processors
From Aegis BMD ship to a Land-based Platform
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
PMRF Aegis Ashore Sites
Aegis Ashore
Radar/Fire Control Site
Range Control Center
Aegis Ashore
Launch Site
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
…. to Meet Range Safety Requirements
SM-3 Missile is a very high energetic missile, fastest missile to be flown from
PMRF launch site
If an anomaly occurred immediately after launch and termination action is taken by safety officer, missile debris impacting on land must be contained inside the existing PMRF 10,000 ft Restrictive Easement, Ground Hazard Area (GHA). PMRF Enhanced EIS, 1998, p2-7/56; 3-60/87; 4-
35/39.
– “termination of a defensive missile shortly after liftoff would result in potentially hazardous debris being contained within the ground hazard...” PMRF Enhanced EIS, 1998, p4-55.
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
Range Safety Requirements
Critical range safety data must be acquired, processed and made available to Range Safety Officers NLT one second after SM-3 launch.
PMRF Range safety requirement, per RCC, is two independent, certified tracking sources, available prior to launch, that provide vehicle position and velocity
– Each tracking source must produce a valid track within one second of SM-3 first motion and generates 20 state vectors per second
– Instantaneous Impact Prediction (IIP) calculation 20 times per second
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
“Make prior to launch two independent data sources that
provide SM-3 position and velocity. The data sources are to
provide accuracy sufficient to ensure the predicted vacuum
(no atmospheric drag) Instantaneous Impact Position (IIP) is
within 500 ft of actual impact position no later than one
second after launch.”
Specific PMRF Requirement
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
Issues with SM-3 Land Launch at PMRF
Currently PMRF has no capability to acquire and provide the
critical SM-3 Range Safety data within the specified time of one
second.
– Earliest radar skin track from MPS-25 radars were demonstrated
around 3.5 seconds
No C-band beacon on SM-3 missile
– TM IMU (inertial measurement unit) available but must be validated
– GPS available/update at launch; then next update is approximately
13 sec
It is very hard to manually terminate an errant SM-3 within 2.5
seconds after launch (to contain debris inside PMRF’s GHA)
without a Safety Augmentation System (SAS)
New Capabilities are Needed to Support
Land-based SM-3 Launch at PMRF
16
Propelling Innovation & Performance
Early Launch Tracking Systems:
A Range Safety Solution
Telemetry
Best Source
Selector
TelemetryELT System
#1
ELT System
#2
Safety
Augmentation
System
(SAS)
Radar Best
Source
Selector
Command
Destruct System
(CDS)
Missile Flight
Safety Officer
(MFSO)
Console
SM-3
Interceptor
Radar
IMU
GPS
Enable
Switch
(hardware)
Destruct
Signal
iNet
…
PMRF Radars
17
Propelling Innovation & Performance
Early Launch Tracking Study
• Comprehensive tracking system study was initiated by PMRF in back in 2004 to address potential options
• Aegis Ashore Range Integration Working Group leveraged this study to make recommendations in Jan 2011.
– Comprised of multiple cross agencies technical experts
– Drafted detailed Technical Requirements Document (TRD)
– Conducted industry search and collaboration with DoD test ranges
– Collected vendor proposals to satisfy TRD
– Technical evaluation team reviewed and graded multiple tracking systems
– Conduct On-site testing
Systems Reviewed
– Systems in use at DOD Test Ranges
– COTS Systems available for Purchase
– Systems being developed
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
• Onboard the SM-3
– TGRS (Translated GPS Range System)
– C-Band beacon
• Existing PMRF RADARs, C-Band Beacon Trackers
– MPS-15 and FPQ-10 (Queen 1, 2, and 8; 5 and 6)
• Independent Autonomous Sensors
– Phased Array RADARs
– Optical Tracking Sensors
– X-Band Doppler Tracking Radar
– RF Interferometric Sensor
– C-Band Beacon
– SPY Radar Options
Initial Candidate Sensors
19
Propelling Innovation & Performance
Evaluation Criteria
• Track Accuracy
– Total Position Error
– Down Range Error
– Cross Range Error
– Velocity Error
• Time to Establish a Good Track
– Plume Effect Delays
– Sensor First Available Track
Opportunity
– System Latency
– Track Quality
• Range Integration Efforts
– Existing Range Infrastructure
– IA requirements
– Frequency approval time
– EMC
• Cost
– Hardware Procurement Cost
– NRE
– Range infrastructure upgrade costs
– O&M
• Environmental effects
– Weather
– Time of Day
• Impact to Flight Test Schedule
20
Propelling Innovation & Performance
Results of Evaluation Study
X-Band, CW Doppler radar recommended for procurement
Fully transportable and allow for remote operation
Fielded system, IA compliance, and provided TSPI data
Shadowed live fires to gather data and validate systems performance
• ARAV-B (Aegis Readiness Assessment Vehicle)
• ARAV-C
• MRT (Medium Range Target)
Naval Research Laboratory Interferometer and Optical Sensors
selected for further evaluation
Pathfinder scheduled for August 2011
21
Propelling Innovation & Performance
Collected Data
Time-lapse photo
of ARAV-C launch
Target Acquired TGT Track Duration
ARAV-B #1 Yes @ 340ms 120 sec
ARAV-B #2 No N/A
ARAV-B #3 Yes @ 539ms 6 sec
ARAV-C No N/A
MRT Yes @ 2.5s 50 sec
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Propelling Innovation & Performance
Summary
X-Band Doppler can track dynamic ARAV target, collected data
on 3 out 5 test events.
ARAV-B trajectory is closely matched to SM-3 during initial
seconds of flight
PMRF / Aegis Ashore team continues to evaluate:
• Plume Effects
• Canister
• Profile
NRL Pathfinder mission is important
to evaluate passive sensors to meet
flight safety requirements
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