Raj Gupta and ML Jat International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Farmers Participatory...

Raj Gupta and ML JatInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

Farmers Participatory Adaptive Research for Large scale Roll-out of Resource Conserving Technologies

Challenges of South Asian Agriculture

2

Nexus of low productivity , poverty and rainfall between 78.83°E to 86.13° E longitude- Low lands ( Chaur , Tal and Diara lands), shifting river courses - ‘Rice-Fallows’, Seeds, Low fertilizer Use, weak infrastructure and

technologies - Little ground water development during Kharif

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200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

200074.54

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zp

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74.95

Am

rits

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75.33

Kap

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75.82

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… 7

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76.91

Pan

ipat

77.00

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nep

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77.44

Gh

azia

bad

78.70

Tri

ch

irap

pall

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79.15

Th

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79.84

Nag

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81.60

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83.37

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sin

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ar

84.47 W

est

Ch

am

para

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85.13

P

atn

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85.54

N

aw

ad

a

86.11 Lakh

eesara

i

86.23

Jam

ui

87.84

B

urd

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88.26

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ush

ird

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ad

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ou

th D

inajp

ur

Avera

ge a

nn

ual ra

infa

ll (

mm

)_2004-2

008

Pro

du

cti

vit

y/ h

a

(US

D)

Districts/ Longitude

Productivity/ ha (USD)Average annual rainfall (mm)_2004-2008

Agricultural Productivity in USD /ha

Source: Data Adapted from Ramesh Chand et al .2009

• 163 districts in IGP• 67 districts covered• 1/3 of the IGP

• Nine hubs with one satellite established and fully functional

Hub Name Area, MhaHaryana 2.75Punjab 3.9EUP 4.5Bihar 7.3Tamil Nadu 4.5Total Area (mha) 22.95

CSISA Action Corridors

5

1. Water 2. Rainwater 3. Nutrient 4. Terminal Heat

shortages Management Imbalances tolerance/ Seed

•In-situ moisture conservation

• Groundwater recharge

• Conjunctive use of nutrient inputs

• LCC/ SPAD/GS• Super

granules

• Cultivar choices

• Seed increase• Water

schedules• Residue

manage.

• Laser land leveling

• Raised beds• DSR & remove

puddling

Conceptual Framework of CSISA Strategic Entry Points and Potential Options for

solutions

1. Laser Leveled and bunded +

3. + Residues

4. + Control traffic

5. Paired row

6. Weed Mgt.

7. Water Mgt. AWD

8. N Mgt.

80% basal +LCC

5 Equal space

Manual

Other example of layering of improved technologies

•Farmers seed v/s Improved HYV choice•Flat v/s Raised bed Planting•Raised bed 67 cm v/s 90 cm•Planting time late v/s Early•Aged v/s Young seedling of rice•# of seedling/hill (1 v/s 3-4)•Manual v/s Mechanical transplanting

Stepwise Layering of strategic technologies

Free Wheeling 4- _

3_

1-

Unpuddled transplanted or DSR- Zero till Wheat in flats

Layering of Strategic Entry Points: An example

Conventional PTR

2. Primed improved seed +/-

Low hanging

High hanging

(From other

Objectives)

Capacity

building

•New cultivars•Diversification•Third generation machines

•High value crops•Policy and advocacy

•TCE and mechanization•ICM/ SSNM/ LCC•Farmer truthful seed system

•Timely planting, cultivars•Laser land levelling/ AWD/ DSR

•Training•FPTS•Information data base

•Exposure visit

• GO/ INGO/ NGO• Farmer organization

• P-P partners• Service provider• Agribusiness • Media/ Finance/ Bankers

• Policy makers

Partners

Knowledge

Inputs

Scale-out technologies

Adaptive Research (TAR)

Farmers

Ou

tcom

es/Imp

acts

Time line

Bio-climate•Climate change•Terminal heat•Flood/ draught/ PPT•Duration of growth season•Cultivars choices

Land and water Mgt•Nutrient management•Irrigation water management

•Groundwater mining•Salinity and waterlogging•Physiography•Complex ecology (RainfedF/ UF, irrigated, upland, midland, lowland)

Socio-economic•Poor Infrastructure •High Production Cost/ Low return

•Seasonal labourrequirement•Low income/ credit/ high interest rates

•Poor market facilities•Opportunity cost•Vulnerability•Absentee farmer

Socio-economicProduction system

characteristics and constraints(Primary & Secondary data)

Resource mapping TWGs Entry points and

Action plan

• CA based RCT• Seed quality and seed

system• Scale neutral machinery• New cultivars• Residue/ SSNM• Planting dates and time• LL/ AWD/ DSR/ Beds

Schematic Diagram of Operations in CSISA Hubs

Farmer Participatory Adaptive Research and large scale Roll-out of RCTS for improving Cereal Systems Productivity

Analysis & Strategies

Capacity Building

Hub -TWG

For Farmers•Income generation•Livelihood•Marketable surplus

Outcomes/ Impacts•Food security•Environmental security•Sustainable agriculture

Deliverables

Public Sector /CG Partners

Institutional Mandates

Private Partners(Input providers

& Corporate)

Business & Social Commitments

Service Providers/

Seed Cos. , & Farmer clubs

Production System Constraints Production Resources/ Knowledge/ Technologies/ Input

Haryana HubPunjab Hub

Profits

Rolli

ng O

ut

(Inst

itutio

nal m

andate

)Capacity Building

ARTs

Print & Mass media

Inputs S

ALE

Data/ Information

Innovatio

n

Quality & refinement

Dem

os

& A

RT

Coop. & Private Sugar mills& NGOs

Private PartnersBayer Crop ScienceSyngentaDevgen SeedsMonsantoPioneer Seeds

Service ProvidersChampion farmers

Farmers

Hariyali/ Input Dealers

OutcomesArea increased under Sugarcane Intercropping DSR acceptance Zero till acreage increasedHigh Demand & Acceptance for laser Leveling

Public PartnersSDA, SAU, KVKs, ICAR

Machine manufacturersDashmeshNational AgroASS

•Farmers often seek immediate gains, produce more at less costs

•Bridge ‘geographically differentiated’ management yield gaps

•Strengthen Public -Private partnerships / net works

•Developing Technical options to match endowments of farmers

• Empower farmers with knowledge- provide timely solutions.

•Strengthen the input chain - weak / dysfunctional

•Training and machinery use for timely operations

•Inclusive of deployment of seed to facilitate technology transfer

CSISA Focus of Last-Mile Delivery

• Laser land leveling introduced in the region • 6700 units (Farmer investment ~ USD 9.0 Million) • Saved 800 Kwhr-1 units /ha during rice season in Punjab; USD 55M

in India( Sidhu,2009), and saves 25-30% water at least• Employs 4 persons for 125-150 days / year.

Laser Assisted Precision Land Leveling

Crop Enhancement Research

UntreatedGaucho Treated

Crop enhancement research enthusing seed companies to Join us

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Gra

in y

ield

(t/h

a)Control Raxil Cruiser Raxil+ Cruiser

Seed treatment

HD 2733 HD 2824 K 307

• HD2824 not responsive to seed treatment• HD 2733 respond more to Raxil• K307 responds more to Cruiser

Zero v/s Conventional till Wheat : planting time effects in eastern Gangetic plains

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Cultivars

Yie

ld(t/

ha)

Choice of wheat cultivars for RW and MW systems in EGP

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2.53.03.54.04.5

Cultivars

Grai

n yi

eld(

t/ha)

Rice -Wheat SystemMaize –Wheat system

Common cultivars : Ufan , DBW17, HD 2967

RW System : Baaz, HD 2967, HD 2985, Ufan , DBW17MW System : DBW 17, Ufan, Raj 4120, HD 2643, HD 2967

Turboseeder (ZT+R): Offsetting Terminal Heat in Wheat

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Cano

py-A

ir Te

mpe

ratu

re d

iffer

ence

(o

C)

Days after sowing

Residue retained Residue removed

Terminal heat

Wheat Productivity and Soil compaction under ZT v/s Conventional (Rotavator)

N=10, Haryana

Direct Seeded Rice becomes a Reality:Relevant to all ecologies

DSR in flood prone areas

• DSR rice improves productivity of Wheat

• DSR and PTR yield can be similar at less cost and saving of water

• Rice hybrids useful for in irrigated areas

• Choice of rice cultivars and use of herbicide molecule holds the key for success in DSR

DSR in uplands

Dual-purpose wheat for green fodder and grain

Dual purpose wheat to promote crop-

livestock integration in NW -IGP Oat + Berseem to be tried

• Screen new cultivars/ regeneration?

• 18t/ha of Green fodder – USD $600ha

Sole

Cut for green fodder Berseem

Cotton- Wheat System

• Relay planter developed ( for timely planting of wheat in cotton) • About 10% gains in cotton yield due an additional pick • Gain in wheat yield are nearly 1.0 ton / ha (USD 200)• Obviate seasonal labor shortage

Emerging Cropping Systems

• Shift from Rice –Potato (DSR-Potato+maize)

- BINA7 – (Potato+Maize) likely benefit ~ USD 1000

• Rice-Rice Rice-maize/pulses

• Cane –Wheat

- Sugarcane + wheat /onion/garlic ~ USD 1750 (Intercropping becoming real)

•Rice-potato-wheat/sunflower Rice-potato-maize in north west

21

800 tons seed of elite crop cultivars for Eastern Gangetic plains

Seed Systems

2-W Relay Planter

Seed box

Fertilizer box

Clutches

Engine

Separator

New CA Machinery Developed for Large Scale Adoption

Bucket

Spreader

PCR planter

High clearance Axle less multi-boom lost cost sprayer

Thanks