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1. Ba Swallow (Esophagogram).2. Ba Meal.3. Ba Follow through.4. Ba Enema.5. Gall Bladder & Biliary Ducts.6. Sialography.7. Hysterosalpingography.8. Urography procedure.
Write the name of the procedure
Barium Swallow
RAO
The esophagus is seen between the heart and the spine
The patient is rotate 35- 40 degrees with the RT side against the table
Stomach subdivisions:1- fundus: upper portion of the stomach.2- body.3- pylorusWhen the stomach is emptyThe internal lining is thrown into numerous
longitudinal folds called RUGAE
Stomach openings and curvatures
1- cardiac orifice (esophagogastric junction): opening between the esophagus and the stomach.2-cardiac notch: superior to the cardiac orifice.3-distal esophagus.4-pyloric valve or sphincter: distal opening of the stomach.5- lesser curvature: medial border of the stomach, extends between the cardiac and pyloric openings.6-greater curvature: lateral border of the stomach, four or five times longer than the lesser curvature.
Barium Meal
A. Distal esophagusB. Esophagogastric junction
(cardia orifice)C. Lesser curvatureD. Angular notchE. Pylorus of stomachF. Pyloric valveG. Duodenal bulb of the
duodenumH. Descending portion of
the duodenumI. Body of stomachJ. Greater curvature of
stomachK. Gastric foldsL. Fundus of stomach
Label: 1, 2
Air-Barium Distribution in the Stomach
2
FundusWhen the pt is
(AP recumbent )Supine position
Most posterior part
Filled with Ba
(PA recumbent)Prone position
Highest part
Filled with air
Erect (upright) position
Highest partFilled with air Pylorus filled with Ba
The air-fluid level is a straight line
Small Bowel Procedures
Barium meal follow through.
Barium follow through (Small Bowel only Series).
Enteroclysis
Intubation ( Small bowel enema).
1
2
3
4
Parts of S.I:Duodenum: 1st,shortest,widest and most
fixed.Jejunum: 2/5 and feathery appearance.Ileum: 3/5, longest, smooth no feathery
appearance, and joins large intestine at ileocecal valve
ANATOMY
Enteroclysis
Injection of c/m into the S.B. It is a Double contrast method used to evaluate the S.B. the pt is intubated under flouroscopic control with a special
catheter. Stomach → duodenum → duodenojujinal junction. CM
1. Thin BaSO4. ( Coats the mucosa).2. Air or Methylcellulose, why ? which is Better ?
To distend the bowel and provide double contrast
Methylcellulose, shows the mucosal details as it adheres to the walls and distends the bowel.It propel the barium from intestineIt evacuate barium from the large intestine.
Intubation ( S.B enema)
It is a single contrast method where a nasogastric tube is passed through:
pt’s nose→esophagus→stomach→duodenum and into the jejunum. (RAO position is preferred ? )
To help pass the tube from stomach →duodenum by gastric peristalsis.
C.M: thin BaSO4 or water soluble iodinated c.m.
diagnostic
Therapeutic
Hepatic flexure
Splenic flexure
Transverse colon
Aescending colon Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
single contrast
• DefinitionPerformed during surgery, usually During a
Cholecystectomy (wherein the surgeon removes the GB).
• IndicationIf the surgeon suspects that residual stones are
located in the biliary ducts
Gall Bladder and Biliary System Procedures
Operative (Immediate) Cholangiogram
Rt hepatic ductLt hepatic duct
Common hepatic duct
Common bile duct
catheter
Gall Bladder and Biliary System Procedures
Hystrosalpingography
A = RT fallopian tube.
B = Uterine cavity .
C = LT fallopian tube.
D = Catheter.
8
• Definition• Is a Non Functional radiographic examination of
the urinary bladder after injection of CM via urethral catheter
• A retrograde cystogram is a radiographic study of the bladder, made after a direct injection of a radiopaque contrast material by means of a urethral catheter
• CMUrographine
Retrograde Cystography (Cystogram)
• Definition• Is a Functional radiographic examination of the
urinary bladder and urethra to evaluate the patient’s ability to urinate.
• micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG), is a technique for watching a person's urethra and urinary bladder while the person urinates (voids).
• CMUrographine
MCUG Micturating Cystourethrography
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