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Race, Attitudes, and Inequality
Andrew J. Perrin
November 25, 2014
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 1 / 26
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Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 2 / 26
What is Race?
A social reality that is historical, processual, stratified, and analyticallymultilevel but that is also entangled with biological inputs inherited fromthe geographic distribution of humans in genetic watersheds over the past
50,000 years.
–Shiao et al.Sociological Theory 2012
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 3 / 26
Racialization
Race is a social formation
Meaningless outside a race system
Race systems vary by place and time
Race systems are cultural formations
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 4 / 26
Racialization: Example“Say Something Black!”
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 5 / 26
Racial Stratification in the US
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 6 / 26
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Why Does Racial Stratification Persist?
Racism: Do authority figures discriminate against people of color?
Genetics: Does unequal racial distribution of IQ cause differences ineconomic fortune?
Class Reproduction: Do the privileges of social class makeintergenerational mobility difficult?
Wealth: Even with similar incomes, do African Americans have lesswealth to draw on?
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 8 / 26
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Racism: Audit StudiesPager, “The Mark of a Criminal Record”
Difference between what people say and do
Audit study method
“Blacks are less than half as likely to receive consideration byemployers,... and black nonoffenders fall behind even whites withprior felony convictions.”
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 10 / 26
Racism Without Racists
Bonilla-Silva, E. Racism Without Racists
Race is a cultural formation, therefore:1 No action is race-neutral2 Racism doesn’t require race hostility
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 11 / 26
Example: Racial Coding in the Skies
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noE1YzvfA08
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 12 / 26
Genetics
Psychometrics: the search for g
Murray and Herrnstein, The Bell Curve:How can inequality be based on merit and social mobility be low?They reasoned (with relatively scant evidence) that g is “heritable.”
Claim: As society gets “freer,” social position is more and more theresult of innate ability.
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 13 / 26
Genetics (cont.)
Fischer et al., Inequality by Design: Response to Murray andHerrnstein
Poor test of gEducation ⇒ gVariation in national socialinequality
Variation in inequality over time
Social policy can changeinequalities
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 14 / 26
Class Reproduction
White vs Black preferences for residential integration
Tipping point: preferences don’t aggregate well
Neighborhood social class provides all sorts of advantages
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 15 / 26
Class Reproduction: Residential Segregation
Racial % Blacks Racial % WhitesComposition OK Moving In Composition OK Moving In
All-white (14/14) 35 All-white (14/14) 962 black/12 white 89 1 black/13 white 89
3 black/11 white 737 black/7 white 99 5 black/9 white 47
10 black/4 white 99 8 black/6 white 31All black 78
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 16 / 26
Iterative Results of Residential PreferencesAgent-Based Modeling
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 17 / 26
Iterative Results of Residential PreferencesAgent-Based Modeling
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 18 / 26
Iterative Results of Residential PreferencesAgent-Based Modeling
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 18 / 26
Iterative Results of Residential PreferencesAgent-Based Modeling
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 18 / 26
WealthConley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 19 / 26
Wealth and EducationConley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 20 / 26
Wealth and EducationConley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 21 / 26
Wealth and IncomeConley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 22 / 26
Racial Attitudes: The Scar of Race
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 23 / 26
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Miscounting RaceGallagher, 2001
2001 Gallup Poll: average 33%
Actual 2001: 12.7%
Actual 2012: 12.8%
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 25 / 26
Miscounting RaceGallagher, 2001
2001 Gallup Poll: average 33%
Actual 2001: 12.7%
Actual 2012: 12.8%
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 25 / 26
Miscounting RaceGallagher, 2001
2001 Gallup Poll: average 33%
Actual 2001: 12.7%
Actual 2012: 12.8%
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 25 / 26
Final Exam
1 Open everything
2 Sakai-based
3 Designed for 2 hours
4 You have 3 hours
5 6 of 8 Sentence Answer (5% each)
6 2 of 3 Paragraph Answer (15% each)
7 1 Essay Answer (40%)
Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 26 / 26
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