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Qualitative Designs
Chapter 8Robert E. Slavin
Ethnography
Emphasis THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE
Used TO GENERATE HYPOTHESIS
Use of: video tape, audio tape, documents, photographs, and diagrams
ONGOING DATA ANALYSIS
Open ended interviews/direct quotes
Most common way to analyze data: constant-comparative
Data analysis software: NVIVO and ATALAS.ti
Phenomenology Understand situations and environments from the PERSPECTIVE OF
THE PARTICIPANTS
Researchers “BRACKET” individual perceptions to describe the thoughts and feelings of participants
LIMITED to research with older participants and adults who can provide insights on personal experiences
Report “INTERPRETATION OF REALITY”
UNSTRUCTURED interview
Case Studies An evaluation of a single program and/or setting by a 3rd party
Data collected using: INVENTORY REPORTS, OPEN-ENDED INTERVIEWS
First determine goal and narrow set of objectives for study
DESCRIPTIVE DATA focused on the goals of the study
Obtain PERSPECTIVE OF MANY PARTICIPANTS
Second decide what data to collect
Types: life history-i.e. ORAL HISTORY
Historical Research IMPORTANT: obtain information from sources as close to events as
possible
DATA: documents (i.e. legal records, books, newspapers, minutes of board meetings, report cards, and standardized tests), oral statements, statistical records (i.e. attendance records, test scores, and district budgets) and relics (furniture, samples of assignments, yearbooks, trophies and equipment) = SECONDARY SOURCES
Research to find connections between events in the past
Researcher must weigh credibility and objectivity
Critical reviews of documentary evidence
First hand accounts = PRIMARY SOURCES
Supplemented with interviews
Content Analysis
Analysis of documents, letters and other forms of communication
Systematic study of documents to study HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Often part of a “larger” qualitative research design
Sometimes MIXED METHOD DESIGN
Begins with a specific question
Postmodern Research Designs
CRITICAL THEORY Researchers present cases of those who are marginalized,
highlighting the injustices
FEMINIST APPROACH Aim to emancipate women and eradicate the inequalities that exist
between men and women
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