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Public speaking• Public speaking is the art,
process, or act of effectively addressing the public to inform, persuade, or entertain them.
• Public Relations Specialist• Sales Representative• Human Resources Specialist• Radio and Television Broadcaster• Radio and Television announcer• Editor• Speech Teacher• Advisor
Public Speaking Objectives
• To study the process of preparing a speech
• To study the elements of speech presentation
• To be aware of certain presentation errors that can negatively affect a speech evaluation
• To learn the basic steps in making a good impression
PreparationA. Informal speeches occurs in
many areas of adult life.•1. Committee meetings•2. Job interviews•3. College seminars
B. When preparing, one of the most important factors for success is pre-speech analysis.
Analysis Areas•a. Occasion
–1. Why are you speaking?–2. Where are you speaking?
–3. What is your purpose?–4. Who is your audience?
•b. Interests of Listeners–1. Is your topic one of interest or concern to the audience?
Analysis Areas
C. Personal experiences and interests1. Are you dealing with familiar information?
2. Are you interested about your material?
2. Information Sources
a. Personal experience»1. be careful -- a personal
experience can’t be so exclusive to your life that it has no relevance to someone else!
b. Interviews with expertsc. Library materials
»1. encyclopedias»2. audiovisuals (TV news
specials, etc..)
Supporting information
Support ideas•1. Examples•2. Definitions and clarifications•3. Comparisons and contrasts•4. Statistics and facts•5. Quotations from authorities
. Prepare an introduction that will capture your audience’s attention
Types of Speeches
– Informative speech: speech to educate an audience about a topic.
– Persuasive speech: speech that attempts to sway the attitudes, beliefs or values of an audience.
– Entertaining speech: speech making fun of people, institutions, or events to solicit humorous feedback
Types of Communication
• Two (2) Basic Types of Communication
– Verbal communication: the practice of all varieties of speech and writing.
– Nonverbal communication: facial expressions, body movements, gestures, and appearance that take place during the transmission and reception of messages.
• Most communication, or as much as 65% of communication is nonverbal.
Various Forms of Communications
•Intrapersonal communication: within oneself
• Interpersonal communication: with two or more people
•Small group communication: with a small number of persons
•Public Communication: delivery of a speech to an audience
•Mass Communication: communication via media
Common Presentation Errors
A. NervousnessB. Too quietC. Too fastD. Poor expression
Common Presentation Errors
F. Hesitations (ummm… ahhh…)G. Trembling voiceH. Poor eye contactI. Content lacking logic,
evidence, facts
Common Presentation Errors
J. Playing with the PEN K. Wet hands L. Fast moving back and
forth M. Clichés “You know…” N. Saying “Thank You” at
the end
Symptoms of Stage fright
Trembling lips.
Fast pulse.
Sickness.
Dry mouth
Cold hands.
Trembling knees
Visualization strategies
• Concentrate on how good you are at public speaking.
• Pretend you are just chatting with a group of friends.
• Close your eyes and imagine the audience listening, laughing, and congratulate.
• Remember happy moments from your past.
• Picture the audience at a glance.
Strategies in advance of program
Be really well prepared. Start an extra practice. Gets individual or group public speaking practices? Read a poem.
Strategies in advance of program
• Expect hard and easy questions. • Organize your speaking notes. • Absolutely memorize your opening
statement • Practice, practice, and practice. • Get in shape in a persuasive
manners
Strategies when the program begins
• If legs are trembling, shift legs or move • Do not try to hold the microphone by
hand in the first minute. • Don't hold notes. • Take quick drinks of tepid water. • Use eye contact. It will make you feel
less isolated. • Look at the friendliest faces in the
audience. • Joke about your nervousness
Know Your Environment
Know Your Audience
Know Your Speech
Learn to Relax
Visualize a Successful Speech
Strategies to reduce fear
Strategies to reduce fear
Know that the Audience Wants you to Succeed
Do not Apologize for Your Apprehension
Concentrate on the message (not your fear)
Gain Experience
Evaluate Yourself
Effective Public Speaking
Tell jokes if you're good at telling jokes.If you aren't good, best to leave the jokes behind.
Gentle humor is good in place of jokes.Self-deprecation is good, but try not to lay it on too thick
How to use the public speaking
environment Try not to get stuck in one place.
Use all the space that's available to you.Move around.
One way to do this is to leave your notes in one place and move to another.
If your space is confined (say a meeting room or even presenting at a table) use stronger body language to convey your message
The Speech Communication Process
Speaker
Message
Channel
Listener
Feedback
Interference (noise)
Process of communication
speaker: transmits ideas or information to the receiver
•Encoding: the development of information form the thoughts, feelings, or ideas in the mind of the source through the process of selection, formulation and organization.
•Code: verbal or nonverbal symbols
Process of communication
Message: the information or ideas
conveyed to the receiver
Decode: to be able to translate code into an understandable language
Process of communication
3.Channel: the means by which the message is sent to the receiver
4. Listeners (Audience): whom the message is sent
5. Feedback: verbal and nonverbal response to a message
Process of communication
• Noise:
the interference or barriers during the transmittal of a message
Conversation and Public Speaking similarities
Conversation and Public Speaking similarities
Organizing your thoughts logically
Tailoring your message to your audience
Telling a story for maximum impact
Adapting to listener feedback
Public speaking and conversation
Public speakingo Public speaking is more highly
structured o public speaking requires more formal
language (Slang, jargon, and bad grammar)
o Public speaking requires a different method of delivery (people talk quietly)
Public speaking and conversation
Conversations: oral communication with members of your family, friends, and coworkers
Public Speaking in a Multi-Cultural World
Public Speaking in a Multi-Cultural World
• Language– Specific language
•Gender•Age•Ethnicity•Sexual preference•Disability•Religion
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