View
25
Download
3
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
MÔN: PUBLIC SPEAKING1. Give/ present all fundamentals of public speaking ( basic, knowledge and rule)
Public speaking is not only sustained presentation made by one speaker to an audience,
but is by natural also an audience - centered activity. Moreover/ In addition public speaking is
the process of speaking to a group of individuals, each with a unique point of view.
According to Steven A. Beebe and Susan J. Beebe, the authors of the book “ PUBLIC
SPEAKING: An Audience - Centered Approach”, published by Prentice Hall, NJ, the USA,
public speaking differs from casual conversation with a friend or an animated discussion
among members of a speech class thanks to its distinctive characteristics as follows.
- First, Public speaking is the more intentional than any of other levels of communication:
intrapersonal, interpersonal and group communication.
Usually the result of forethought and planning rather than a spontaneous event.
- Second, Public speaking is also more formal than the other levels of communication inter
of language (both of spoken and written) and nonverbal communication.
Regarding language, the slang or casual language often usual at the interpersonal or group
level is not appropriate in a public speaking.
In addition, not only is the language of public speakers is relatively formal, but so is their
nonverbal communication while all delivery the speeches.
Public speakers also use gestures and movements that are carefully orchestrated to ads
meanings or emphasis to their spoken messages.
Public speakers shouldn’t gestures spontaneously and sometimes excessively, and move
about restlessly.
- Thirst, in public speaking the roles of speakers and listeners are clearly, defined and
remain stable. Rarely do audience members interrupt or even talk to speakers. Even when
speakers field questions, they finish their planned remarks first, and then receiver any responses
from the audiences.
Finally successful speakers however, must be audience- centered, considering the needs,
expectations, and responses of their audiences as they prepare and deliver their speeches and
later all.
Why is audience analysis central to speechmaking process in public speaking setting?
The simple truth is the audience influences the topic selected and every later step of the
public speaking process.
Why is it not topic selection, outlining, or research?
Audience analysis is in the center because it is an activity that touches every phase of the
speech preparation and delivery process.
Also, the reason to analyze the audience is to learn how the listener will respond to one’s
message. In addition, audience analysis is not something one does only once before beginning
the other speech preparation tasks. Actually the audience analysis is an ongoing activity,
suggested by the method audience- centered public speaking means that at any point during the
process, one may need to revise that have already been performed. In other word, the needs,
attitudes, beliefs, values, and the other characteristics of the audience play a leading role in
helping public speaker prepare and present their message.
In public speaking, the receiver is the audience and the audience is the reason for a speech
event. Consciousness of the audience will be important as a selects a topic, determine the
speech purpose, develop your central ideal, write a preliminary outline, choose supporting
material, firm up the organization, rehearse, and deliver the speech.
Finally, audience analysis is the process of examining information about the expected listener
to a speech.
2. Name all the national / public holidays in VIETNAM ( 6 names of 9 public holidays)
1. New Years Day ( the first of January)1/1
2. Vietnamese Lunar New Yea ( TET holidays)
3. Vietnamese Ancestor King Hung’s Death Anniversary (10/3)
4. Southern Vietnam’s Liberation Day ( the thirtieth of April 30/4)
5. May Day (( International Labor Day) the first of May 1/5)
6. Vietnamese National Day (the second of September 02/9)
3. Meaning of the National Anthem of Vietnam (The Song of Vietnamese Advancing
Soldiers).
The national anthem of Vietnam is The Song of Vietnamese Advancing Soldiers. It praises the
patriotism and battle hardened morale of Vietnam people and also encourages not only
Vietnamese soldiers but also their who nation to voluntarily participate in the course of
Vietnamese liberation, Vietnamese sovereignty over their of triumphantly (victoriously) to the
victory on the thirty of April, 1975.
4. Meaning of the National Day of Vietnam.
On the second of September, 1945 at Ba Dinh Square in Ha Noi capital city of Vietnam,
president Ho Chi Minh issued the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence to found the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam as result of the victorious Vietnamese Revolution of August
1945 whereby Vietnamese people gained back their independence from Frech colonial).
5. Defining of English, Literature, Linguistic and Buddhism.
- English: English is the language, originally of England, now the first and national
languages of the USA, the UK and Australia.
- Literature : Literature means pieces of writing or writings that are valued as work of
art, especially novels, plays, and poems in contract to technical books and new papers
and magazines…etc).
- Linguistic : Linguistic means the scientific study of language or a particular languages.
- Buddhism : Buddhism is an Asian religion base on the teaching of Siddihartha Gautama
( or Buddha)
6. What shall be the most important legal instrument of a political system of a nation?
Constitution (hien phap): set of laws and principles according to which a country is
government.
Or a system of laws and basic principles that are state, a country or an organization is
governed by :
- Your right to vote under constitution
- According to the constitution
- To propose a new amendment to the constitution the South African constitution
- A two-thirds majority is needed to amend the club’s constitution.
7. Vietnam’s geography :
Vietnam is an S- shaped country located in South – East Asia on the Indochina Peninsula
( Ban dao Dong Duong) on the World map. VIETNAM borders China to the North, Laos,
Cambodia to the west; Gulf of Tonkin ( Vinh bac bo) to the north-east; East Sea to the east,
and the Gulf of Thailand to the South. Vietnam is divided 3 main regions: Northern
Vietnam, Central Vietnam and Southern VIETNAM. Phu Quoc is an island district.
Vietnam has reserved the sovereignty over two archipelagos (Quan dao) of Paracels (Hoang
Sa) and Spratlys (Truong Sa) in the East Sea. The national flag of VIETNAM has five
pointed golden star in the center of a rectangular red background with its length in line with
the horizontal.
8. The Vietnam War
Like the KOREAN War, the VIETNAM War was a result of US policy during the Cold
War, a period when Americans believed that Communism, the political system in the Soviet
Union and China, was a threat to their security and power.
VIETNAM, a colony of the France, wanted to become independent, but the US believed
that Communists were behind the independence movement, and so opposed it. The US
become involved in Vietnam only gradually.
At first, under President Eisenhower, it provided the French with supplies. In 1954 the
Geneva Accords divided Vietnam into the Communist North and the anti- Communist
South. Under President Kennedy, in the early 1960s, many US soldiers were sent to the
South as adviser. In 1964, after an attack on US ships, Congress passed the Gulf of Tokin
Resolution which gave President Johnson greater powers to fight a war, and in the spring of
1965 Marines were sent to the South Vietnam.
It was easy to keep the Communist forces, called the national Liberation Front or the Viet
Cong, out of South Vietnam, but much harder to defeat them. The US used bombs against
the Vietnamese troops, and chemicals to destroy crops, which had a terrible effect on the
people as well as on the land. There were also reports of atrocities (= acts of extreme
violence and cruelty) committed by both sides. In 1968 the My Lai massacre, in which over
300 civilians were skilled by US soldiers, shocked Americans at home. Many US soldiers
were not sure why they were fighting the war and become traumatized (= mentally
disturbed) by the violence around them.
Discipline became a problem, and the use of drug was common. Soldiers were accused of
the committing acts of violence against each other and against Vietnamese civilians.
In 1968 the Viet Cong started a major attack know at the TET offensive, and the US
position in South Vietnam was threatened. As the war escalated (= became more intense) it
lose support at home and also in other countries. When Richard Nixon became president he
at the first tried to attack hard and force the Viet Cong to come to and agreement. The war
then spread to Vietnam’s neighbour, Cambodia. Finally, in 1972, Nixon sent Henry
Kissinger to negotiate a ceasefire, and afterwards the US was no longer directly involved in
the war, though it continued to provide supplies. In 1975 the government of the South
Vietnam fell and the country was taken over by the Communist force.
The Vietnam War dived US society. Opposition to it wad led mainly by university students,
many of whom were young men facing the draft (= compulsory service in the armed
forces). They said they should not be forced to fight a war that they believed was wrong. As
a protest, many burned their draft cards. Some become draft dodgers by remaining students
as long as possible, or by going to Canada. Others took their case to court on the grounds
that they were conscientious objectors and hard moral or religious reasons for not fighting a
war. These protests resulted in violent conflicts between police and students. In the summer
of 1968, during a protest in Chicago, people saw on TV the violent way in which the police
behaved. In 1970 during another protest, the National Guard shot and killed four American
students at Kent State University in Ohio. After this, many of silent majority, people whom
Nixon thought supported the government policy and the reasons for US involvement in the
war. But other continued to accuse the students of being unpatriotic.
When Vietnam veterans returned home they found that, instead of receiving the respect
normally given to war veterans, they were the object of public anger. They had to cope with
this in addition to the mental stress caused by the violence they had seen and taken part in.
in the years since the war, films such as the Deer Hunter (1978), Born on the Fourth of July
(1989) and Good morning Vietnam (1987) have shown the war from different angles and
helped Americans understand and come to terms with their anger and hurt.
The war Vietnam taught the US that there are limits to its military strength, and showed that
the American people were not willing to pay the high cost money and lives for a war away
from home. The strong desire to avoid another Vietnam played an important role in
deciding US foreign policy in the years that followed.
9. The highest bodies in power in power in Vietnam at present ( posts and names)
We have 4 bodies :
1- The communist party of Vietnam (ĐCSVN )
2- Legislative body (Cơ quan lập pháp )
3- Excutive bodies (Cơ quan hành pháp)
4- Judiciary body (Cơ quan tư pháp)
10. The highest bodies in power in power in Vietnam at present ( posts and names)
We have 4 people :
1 – The president of Vietnam (Chủ tịch Nước) : Trương Tấn Sang
2 – Prime Minister (Thủ Tướng) : Nguyễn Tấn Dũng
3 – General secretary (Tổng Bí thư Đảng) : Nguyễn Phú Trọng
4 - Chairman National Assembly ( Chủ tịch Quốc Hội) : Nguyễn Sinh Hùng
11, One of the key challenges of a public speaker is to capture and hold the attention of the
audience.
Recommended