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Psychology 307: Cultural Psychology Lecture 8. Scoring Your Questionnaire: IISS. In order to score your questionnaire, you must compute 2 scores. Score 1: Sum of odd-numbered items Score 2: Sum of even-numbered items. Values. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Psychology 307: Cultural Psychology
Lecture 8
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Scoring Your Questionnaire: IISS
In order to score your questionnaire, you must compute 2 scores.
Score 1: Sum of odd-numbered items
Score 2: Sum of even-numbered items
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Values
1. What are the major value dimensions on which cultural groups vary?
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1. define the value dimensions identified by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, Hofstede and Schwartz.
By the end of today’s class, you should be able to:
2. identify Canada’s rankings on Hofstede’s value dimensions.
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What are the major value dimensions on which cultural groups vary?
● Schwartz and Bilsky (1987) generated the following definition of “values”:
“Values (a) are concepts or beliefs, (b) pertain to desirable end states or behaviors, (c) transcend specific situations, (d) guide selection or evaluation of behavior and events, and (e) are ordered by relative importance.”
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(a) Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1973; see also Carter, 1991; Russo, 2000):
Identified 5 value dimensions on which these cultural groups varied:
● A number of studies have examined the major value dimensions on which cultures vary. These include:
Examined values among members of diverse cultural groups within the U.S. (e.g., Hispanics, Mormons, Navaho Indians, Texans).
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Value Dimension Alternative Orientations
“Time” orientation Past, present, or future
“Man-nature” orientationSubjugation to, harmony with, or
mastery over nature
“Activity” orientation Being, becoming, or doing
“Nature of man” orientation Good, evil, or “mixed”
“Relational” orientation Collateral, lineal, or individualistic
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Value Dimensions
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Value DimensionAfrican
AmericansEuropean Americans
Hispanic Americans
“Time” orientation Present Future Past
“Man-nature” orientation
Harmony with nature
Mastery over nature
Harmony with nature
“Activity” orientation Doing Doing Becoming
“Nature of man” orientation
Mixed Mixed Good
“Relational” orientation
Collateral Individualistic Collateral
Value Orientations of U.S. Cultural Groups (Ho, 1997)
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(b) Hofstede (1980, 2001, 2010):
Early research identified 4 value dimensions on which these cultural groups varied: Power distance,
uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and individualism.
Examined values among IBM employees in 50 countries (e.g., Canada, China, Columbia, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, New Zealand, Poland, Uruguay, U.S., West Africa).
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Value Dimension High Scoring Countries Low Scoring Countries
Power distanceMalaysia, Guatemala,
PanamaDenmark, Israel,
Austria
Uncertainty avoidanceGreece, Portugal,
GuatemalaDenmark, Jamaica,
Singapore
MasculinityJapan, Austria,
VenezuelaNetherlands, Norway,
Sweden
IndividualismU.S., Australia,
Great BritainPanama, Ecuador,
Guatemala
Countries High and Low on Hofstede’sValue Dimensions
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Value Dimension Maximum Score Average Score Canada’s Score
Power distance 104 55 39
Uncertainty avoidance
112 64 48
Masculinity 95 50 52
Individualism 91 43 80
Canada’s Scores on Hofstede’sValue Dimensions
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(c) Schwartz (1999, 2011):
Examined values among individuals in 49 countries (e.g., Australia, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey, United States, Zimbabwe).
Identified 3 value dimensions on which these cultural groups varied: Mastery vs. harmony, hierarchy vs. egalitarianism, and conservatism vs. autonomy.
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Values
1. What are the major value dimensions on which cultural groups vary?
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