Protists I & II Lab 4 BIOL 171. Remember!: Classification System
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- Protists I & II Lab 4 BIOL 171
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- Remember!: Classification System
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- Ancestral Eukaryote Well be looking at all of these! Protists
are everywhere in Eukarya! the junk drawer of the eukaryotes Saving
for next week. Yep.
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- Ancestral Eukaryote Well be looking at all of these! Protists
are everywhere in Eukarya! the junk drawer of the eukaryotes
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- 6 Kingdoms Plants (Plantae) Animals (Animalia) Fungi (Fungi)
Eubacteria Archaeabacteria Protista These are considered
qualitative terms not correct science terminology.
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- Linnaeus [5] Linnaeus [5] (1735) 2 kingdoms Haeckel [6] Haeckel
[6] (1866) 3 kingdoms Chatton [7] Chatton [7] (1925) 2 groups
Copeland [8] Copeland [8] (1938) 4 kingdoms Whittaker [2] Whittaker
[2] (1969) 5 kingdoms WoeseWoese [9][10] (1977,1990) 3 domains
[9][10] Animalia Eukaryote Animalia Eukarya VegetabiliaPlantae
Protoctista Fungi Protista (not treated) Protista ProkaryoteMonera
Archaea Bacteria A constantly changing system
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- Lab Study:Trichonympha Excavata - Parabasalids Lives in the
intestine of the termite Bacterial endosymbionts inside
Trichonympha digest cellulose - Termite > Trichonympha >
Spirochetes Procedure 1.Place a couple of drops of Ringers solution
on a clean slide. 2.Transfer a termite into the drop of solution.
3.Place slide under a dissecting microscope. 4.Place the tips of
dissecting needles at either end of the termite and pull in
opposite directions. 5.Locate the long tube that is the termites
intestine. 6.Place a cover slip over the specimen and lightly press
down on coverslip to release the Trichonympha from the intestines.
Observe with a compound microscope.
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- Lab Study A: Excavata - Euglenozoans - Trypanosoma and red
blood cells
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- Lab Study B: Alveolates Dinoflagellates: mixed dinoflagellates
(live & wet mount), and Peridinium (wet mount) not in manual
Ciliates: Paramecium caudatum (wet mount) in manual
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- Dinoflaggelates
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- Paramecium structures
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- Lab Study C: Stramenopiles Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) make wet
mount Also observe diatomaceous earth (the cell wall deposits from
diatoms) make wet mount and look at prepared slides
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- Diatom diversity
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- Diatom cell wall made of silica
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- Stramenopile flagella
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- Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) Living: Ectocarpus and Sphacelaria
Preserved: Fucus and Laminaria
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- Lab Study D: Rhizaria (different title from manual)
Foraminiferans - prepared slides Radiolarians prepared slides
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- Foraminiferans (forams) - prepared slides
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- Radiolarians - prepared slides
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- Amoebozoans. Hang in there.
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- Lab Study E: Amoebozoans Amoeba proteus Pseudopodia temporary
extensions of amoeboid cells, function in moving and engulfing
food
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- Lab Study E (still): Slime Molds (Mycetozoa) Protists which use
spores to reproduce Heterotrophic requires carbon in organic form,
cannot manufacture its own Feed using phagocytosis Suggests they
descended from unicellular amoeba-like organisms Two types:
plasmodial and cellular (we will be observing plasmodial type
today)
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- Physarum (slime mold) Plasmodial stage vegetative stage that
consists of a multinucleate mass of protoplasm (no cell walls),
feeds on bacteria as it creeps along the surface of moist logs or
dead leaves Fruiting bodies reproductive structures that produce
spores
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- Physarum (plasmodial stage) Is slime mold smarter than Japan's
railway engineers?Is slime mold smarter than Japan's railway
engineers? check it out!
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- Slime Mold Life Cycle
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- Think about Morphological characteristics Ecology of the
organism How does the organism get around? What role do they play
in the ecosystem? Do they have any economic value? Where do they
live? Dont know the answer?? Its probably a great research
question! Ask me about it.
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- Protists 2 Laboratory 4 (still) BIOL 171
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- What is red algae? Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Mostly
multicellular NOT plants Most are aquatic
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- Lab Study F: Red Algae (Rhodophyta) Simplest is single-celled,
but most have a macroscopic, multicellular body form Autotrophic
(photosynthetic) manufactures its own organic nutrients from
inorganic carbon sources Contain chlorophyll a and accessory
pigments phycocyanin and phycoerythrin Not all are red! Many green,
black, even blue, depending on the depth in the ocean they
grow
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- Living Specimens Porphyridium
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- Preserved specimens Chondrus crispus Porphyra coralline
algae
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- Porphyra life cycle both sexual and asexual alternation of
generations!
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- Coralline algae living rock Extremely important role in the
ecology of coral reefs: sea urchins, fish, and mollusks eat them
(herbivore enhancement). Create microhabitats that protect
invertebrates from predation. Cell walls composed of calcium
carbonate this allows it to fossilize Economic importance: soil
conditioners, food additive for livestock, water filtration,
medical vermifuge (stopped late in 18 th century), preparation of
dental bone implants
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- Economic Uses Agar polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall
of red algae, used to grow bacteria and fungi Carrageenan extracted
from red algae cell walls, used to give the texture of thickness
and richness to foods such as dairy drinks and soups. Porphyra (or
nori) seaweed wrappers for sushi, billion-dollar industry!
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- Lab Study G: Green Algae (Chlorophyta) unicellular motile and
non-motile, colonial, filamentous, and multicellular GREAT
DIVERSITY Live primarily in freshwater Share many characteristics
with land plants Storage of starch, presence of chlorophylls a and
b, photosynthetic pathways, and organic compounds called flavonoids
Most botanists support the hypothesis that plants evolved from
green algae
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- Living Specimens Chlamydomonas Pandorina Volvox Pediastrum
Closterium
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- Volvox Daughter colonies
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- Preserved Specimens Ulva Chara
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- Table 4: Representative Green Algae (pg. 72) NameBody
FormCharacteristics SpirogyraFilamentous UlvaLeaf like
CharaBranched ChlamydomonasUnicellular flagellate
PandorinaAggregate VolvoxColony (flagellate) PediastrumNon-motile
colony ClosteriumNon-motile single celled
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- Psychedelic slime mold video: