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Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
J. NewmanJ. Newman
World History 9World History 9
““Erasmus laid the egg that Luther Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.”hatched.”
Desiderius Desiderius ERASMUSERASMUS
““Christianity should Christianity should show people how to show people how to live good lives on a live good lives on a daily basis rather than daily basis rather than provide a system of provide a system of beliefs that people beliefs that people have to practice to be have to practice to be saved.”saved.”
Religion on the Eve of the Religion on the Eve of the ReformationReformation
Church officials Church officials concerned with concerned with moneymoney Used their church Used their church
offices to advance offices to advance their careers & their their careers & their wealth wealth
Detail of a fresco (1481–82) by Perugino in the Sistine chapel shows Jesus giving the keys of heaven to Saint Peter.
Martin Luther 1483-1546Martin Luther 1483-1546*not MLK Jr. from the 1950s-1960s*not MLK Jr. from the 1950s-1960s
Monk & professor at Monk & professor at the Univ. of the Univ. of Wittenberg (Germany)Wittenberg (Germany)
Studied the Bible; Studied the Bible; came to believe that came to believe that humans are not saved humans are not saved through their good through their good works, but through works, but through their faith in God-- their faith in God-- “justification by faith “justification by faith alone”alone”
Hans and Margarethe Luther
Luther as an Augustinian Monk
Selling of IndulgencesSelling of Indulgences Luther offended by Luther offended by
Johann Tetzel Johann Tetzel selling indulgences selling indulgences
Indulgences- Indulgences- “tickets to heaven”- “tickets to heaven”- a piece of paper a piece of paper bought for living & bought for living & dead relatives & dead relatives & pardoned your sins pardoned your sins (not required to (not required to repent). repent). “As soon as money in the coffer
rings, the soul from purgatory's fire springs." --Tetzel
Ninety-Five ThesesNinety-Five Theses Oct. 31, 1517—Oct. 31, 1517—Luther nailed a Luther nailed a list of 95 points list of 95 points on the Castle on the Castle Church doors Church doors at Wittenbergat Wittenberg
95 things he 95 things he considered the considered the Church & Pope Church & Pope were doing were doing wrongwrong
The printing The printing press helped to press helped to spread his spread his writings like writings like wildfire!wildfire!
Break with the ChurchBreak with the Church
Jan. 1521, the pope Jan. 1521, the pope excommunicated excommunicated LutherLuther
“papal bull” excommunicating Luther
Diet of Worms- 1521Diet of Worms- 1521 Luther appeared Luther appeared
before many religious before many religious leaders and rulersleaders and rulers Luther ordered to Luther ordered to
recant, he refused!recant, he refused! Luther declared an Luther declared an
outlawoutlaw• No one was to No one was to
give him food or give him food or sheltershelter
Luther’s works Luther’s works were to be burnedwere to be burned
Do not write quote: “I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. May God help me. Amen.”- Luther
The EndThe End Frederick of Saxony Frederick of Saxony
hid Luther & allowed hid Luther & allowed him to continue to him to continue to write in secrecywrite in secrecy
Luther translated the Luther translated the New Testament into New Testament into GermanGerman
Luther died 1546Luther died 1546
Lutheranism was the Lutheranism was the first Protestant faithfirst Protestant faith
Wartburg Castle
The room in Wartburg where Luther translated the New Testament into German.
Luther's tombstone in the Castle Church in Wittenberg.
Marriage & Family Marriage & Family
Katharina von BoraKatharina von Bora
One of 12 nuns One of 12 nuns Luther helped escape Luther helped escape from a conventfrom a convent
She was 26, he was She was 26, he was 41 years old41 years old
They had 6 childrenThey had 6 children
Politics & Religion in the Politics & Religion in the German ReformationGerman Reformation
Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg- The German - The German states were now free to choose states were now free to choose between Catholicism and between Catholicism and LutheranismLutheranism
Reformation in EnglandReformation in England
King Henry VIIIKing Henry VIII CatholicCatholic King of EnglandKing of England Married his Married his
brother’s wife after brother’s wife after his brother diedhis brother died
Strongest desire Strongest desire was to have a son, was to have a son, an heiran heir
Wife #1- Catherine of Aragon Wife #1- Catherine of Aragon (m.1509-1533)(m.1509-1533)
Unable to give Henry a Unable to give Henry a sonson
Had a daughter- MaryHad a daughter- Mary Henry wanted to annul Henry wanted to annul
the marriagethe marriage Henry establishes the Henry establishes the
Church of England to Church of England to get the annulment- get the annulment- 15341534
MaryMary
Catherine of Aragon’s Catherine of Aragon’s daughterdaughter
Devout CatholicDevout Catholic
Later, as Queen, she Later, as Queen, she will persecute the will persecute the ProtestantsProtestants Nickname- Bloody Nickname- Bloody
MaryMary
Wife #2- Anne BoleynWife #2- Anne Boleyn(m.1533-1536)(m.1533-1536)
Mistress of Henry VIII Mistress of Henry VIII while married to while married to CatherineCatherine
Supposedly pregnant Supposedly pregnant when she marries Henrywhen she marries Henry
Has a daughter- Has a daughter- ElizabethElizabeth
Accused of treason & Accused of treason & adulteryadultery
BeheadedBeheaded
ElizabethElizabeth Anne Boleyn’s Anne Boleyn’s
daughterdaughter ProtestantProtestant Half-sister of MaryHalf-sister of Mary Never marries orNever marries or
has childrenhas children The Virgin QueenThe Virgin Queen
Tolerant of otherTolerant of other
religionsreligions
Wife #3- Jane SeymourWife #3- Jane Seymour(m.1536-1537)(m.1536-1537)
Able to give Henry a Able to give Henry a sonson Edward VIEdward VI
Dies shortly after Dies shortly after giving birthgiving birth
Edward VIEdward VI
Only surviving son of Only surviving son of Henry and JaneHenry and Jane
ProtestantProtestant
Died at the age of 15 Died at the age of 15 due to tuberculosisdue to tuberculosis
Wife #4- Anne of ClevesWife #4- Anne of Cleves(m.1540 Jan.-July)(m.1540 Jan.-July)
Married less than a Married less than a yearyear Henry compared her Henry compared her
looks to a “Flanders looks to a “Flanders Mare”Mare”
Like being married to Like being married to your sister. No true your sister. No true love between them.love between them.
No childrenNo children Henry divorces herHenry divorces her
Wife #5- Katherine Howard Wife #5- Katherine Howard (m.1540-1542)(m.1540-1542)
30 yrs. younger than 30 yrs. younger than Henry when marriedHenry when married
No children No children
Accused of infidelity & Accused of infidelity & then beheadedthen beheaded
Wife #6- Katherine ParrWife #6- Katherine Parr(m.1543-1547)(m.1543-1547)
No childrenNo children
Became Henry’s Became Henry’s companion & nurse in companion & nurse in his last yearshis last years
Survives Henry Survives Henry Marries an “old love” Marries an “old love”
after Henry diesafter Henry dies
Rhyme to Remember the Wives Rhyme to Remember the Wives & their Fate& their Fate
DivorcedDivorced BeheadedBeheaded DiedDied DivorcedDivorced BeheadedBeheaded SurvivedSurvived
CatherineCatherine AnneAnne JaneJane AnneAnne KatherineKatherine KatherineKatherine
http://www.history.com/http://www.history.com/videos/henry-viii#henry-viiivideos/henry-viii#henry-viii
The Catholic “Reformation”The Catholic “Reformation”
NOTNOT a movement to a movement to reform the Catholic reform the Catholic Church, but a Church, but a movement to movement to WINWIN Protestants back to the Protestants back to the Catholic Church or Catholic Church or destroy themdestroy them
Ignatius of Loyola & Ignatius of Loyola & the Jesuits- spread the the Jesuits- spread the message of the message of the Catholic ChurchCatholic Church
The Council of TrentThe Council of Trent1545-15631545-1563
Both faith and good Both faith and good works were necessary for works were necessary for salvationsalvation
The Seven Sacraments The Seven Sacraments are upheldare upheld
Belief in purgatory and in Belief in purgatory and in the use of indulgences the use of indulgences were strengthened, were strengthened, although the although the abuse/selling of abuse/selling of indulgences were indulgences were forbiddenforbidden
Study GuideStudy Guide Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance and ReformationFill in the blank, Short Answer/Response (paragraph), Fill in the blank, Short Answer/Response (paragraph),
Extended Response (page)Extended Response (page)
RenaissanceRenaissance Difference b/w High Renaissance and Northern Difference b/w High Renaissance and Northern
Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art Vocab. Terms- Renaissance, Renaissance man, Vocab. Terms- Renaissance, Renaissance man,
vernacularvernacular Who wrote Who wrote The Prince The Prince and what was it about and what was it about Humanism- what was it, who were the humanists, inspired Humanism- what was it, who were the humanists, inspired
by?, father of…, by?, father of…, Liberal arts studiesLiberal arts studies Printing press- inventor & impactPrinting press- inventor & impact Who wrote Who wrote The Book of the CourtierThe Book of the Courtier and what was it about and what was it about Medici Family- their importanceMedici Family- their importance
ReformationReformation
Quote- explain it- “Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.”Quote- explain it- “Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.” Name 2 abuses that The Church participated inName 2 abuses that The Church participated in Martin Luther- how he became a monk, what he believed, issue of Martin Luther- how he became a monk, what he believed, issue of
indulgences & 95 Theses (Tetzel), Pope’s response, Diet of indulgences & 95 Theses (Tetzel), Pope’s response, Diet of Worms- results, impact on/of LutherWorms- results, impact on/of Luther
Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg Henry VIII- motivation for annulmentHenry VIII- motivation for annulment 6 wives- briefly describe each and what happened to them 6 wives- briefly describe each and what happened to them
(remember the rhyme)(remember the rhyme) Order Henry’s children rules and their faith (protestant or Order Henry’s children rules and their faith (protestant or
catholic?)catholic?) The Catholic “Reformation” (what was it), Ignatius of Loyola, The Catholic “Reformation” (what was it), Ignatius of Loyola,
Council of Trent (3 statements made)Council of Trent (3 statements made)
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