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Protein Synthesis. DNA. Carries genetic information Controls protein synthesis. Brainstorm. What are the functions of proteins?. Some Functions of Proteins. DNA and Proteins. Besides carrying all of our hereditary information, DNA carries the codes for proteins - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
DNADNA
Carries genetic informationCarries genetic information Controls protein synthesisControls protein synthesis
BrainstormBrainstorm
What are the functions of proteins?What are the functions of proteins?
Some Functions of ProteinsSome Functions of Proteins
Enzymes
Cell membrane component
Stored energy Transports substances
Cellular communication
Body structure
Build and Repair tissues
Proteins
DNA and ProteinsDNA and Proteins
Besides carrying all of our hereditary Besides carrying all of our hereditary information, DNA carries the codes information, DNA carries the codes for proteinsfor proteins
DNA tells the ribosome of the cell DNA tells the ribosome of the cell what proteins to makewhat proteins to make
DNA never leaves the DNA never leaves the nucleus…..nucleus…..
To prevent damageTo prevent damage
If DNA never leaves the If DNA never leaves the nucleus….nucleus….
How does the message get to the How does the message get to the ribosome in the cytoplasm to make ribosome in the cytoplasm to make proteins?proteins?
RNARNA
RNA = Ribonucleic acidRNA = Ribonucleic acid Nucleic acidNucleic acid Made up of repeating units of nucleotidesMade up of repeating units of nucleotides Single strandedSingle stranded Contains U (uracil) instead of T Contains U (uracil) instead of T
(thymine)(thymine) Its overall function is for protein synthesisIts overall function is for protein synthesis
RNA vs. DNARNA vs. DNA
Types of RNATypes of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)Messenger RNA (mRNA) Reads DNA and carries a copy of the Reads DNA and carries a copy of the
instructions for making a protein out of instructions for making a protein out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm of the the nucleus and into the cytoplasm of the cell.cell.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)Transfer RNA (tRNA) Carries the amino acids to the ribosome Carries the amino acids to the ribosome
(location of protein synthesis) to be (location of protein synthesis) to be assembled into proteinsassembled into proteins
Amino AcidsAmino Acids There are twenty different amino There are twenty different amino
acids to code for. The sequence and acids to code for. The sequence and the number of amino acids the number of amino acids determine the type of protein that determine the type of protein that will be made.will be made.
How a Protein is FormedHow a Protein is Formed
A. Transcription A. Transcription RNA polymerase (enzyme) binds to DNA RNA polymerase (enzyme) binds to DNA
and separates the DNA strandsand separates the DNA strands Then one strand of DNA is used as a Then one strand of DNA is used as a
template from which nucleotides are template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of mRNA. assembled into a strand of mRNA.
Codon – mRNA reads DNA 3 bases at a Codon – mRNA reads DNA 3 bases at a time. Every 3 bases codes for a specific time. Every 3 bases codes for a specific amino acid. Remember: a chain of amino amino acid. Remember: a chain of amino acids makes up a protein.acids makes up a protein.
mRNA leaves the nucleus and brings the mRNA leaves the nucleus and brings the message to the ribosomemessage to the ribosome
Transcription ExampleTranscription Example
DNA – DNA – AGCGTGCCA AGCGTGCCA mRNA – UCGCACGGUmRNA – UCGCACGGU Codon – UCG – CAC - GGUCodon – UCG – CAC - GGU
How a protein is formed How a protein is formed cont….cont….
B. TranslationB. Translation The cell uses information from the The cell uses information from the
mRNA to produce proteinsmRNA to produce proteins tRNA reads the codons and transfers the tRNA reads the codons and transfers the
complimentary amino acids to the complimentary amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a proteinribosome to be assembled into a protein
Transcription/Translation Transcription/Translation ExampleExample
DNA:DNA: AGCGTGCCAAGCGTGCCA mRNA: UCGCACGGUmRNA: UCGCACGGU Codon: UCG – CAC – GGUCodon: UCG – CAC – GGU Amino Acids: Serine – Histidine - Amino Acids: Serine – Histidine -
GlycineGlycine
Start and Stop CodonsStart and Stop Codons
Start Codon – Begins protein Start Codon – Begins protein synthesis. Example: AUGsynthesis. Example: AUG
Stop Codon – Stops protein Stop Codon – Stops protein synthesis. Example: UAA, UAG, UGAsynthesis. Example: UAA, UAG, UGA
ExamplesExamples
http://www.lew-port.com/10712041113402793/lib/10712041113402793/Animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20%20long.swf
Practice 1Practice 1
DNA –ATGTACCCGAACTAGDNA –ATGTACCCGAACTAG DNA- TACATGGGCTTGATCDNA- TACATGGGCTTGATC mRNA-AUGUACCCGAACUAGmRNA-AUGUACCCGAACUAG Codon –AUG –UAC-CCG-AAC-UAGCodon –AUG –UAC-CCG-AAC-UAG Amino acids – MET –TYR –PRO –ASN -Amino acids – MET –TYR –PRO –ASN -
TYRTYR
Practice 2Practice 2
DNA – ATGGGTAGTCATTGGDNA – ATGGGTAGTCATTGG DNA - TACCCATCAGTAACCDNA - TACCCATCAGTAACC mRNA- AUGGGUAGUCAUUGGmRNA- AUGGGUAGUCAUUGG Codon – AUG – GGU – AGU – CAU – Codon – AUG – GGU – AGU – CAU –
UGGUGG Amino Acids – MET – GLY – SER – HIS Amino Acids – MET – GLY – SER – HIS
- CYS- CYS
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