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Propertiesof Materials
H
Notes:1. Properties of materials vary greatly depending upon manufacturing
processes, chemical composition, internal defects, temperature, previous load-ing history, age, dimensions of test specimens, and other factors. The tabulatedvalues are typical but should never be used for specific engineering or designpurposes. Manufacturers and materials suppliers should be consulted for infor-mation about a particular product.
2. Except when compression or bending is indicated, the modulus of elas-ticity E, yield stress sY, and ultimate stress sU are for materials in tension.
H1
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© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
H2 APPENDIX H Properties of Materials
TABLE H-1 WEIGHTS AND MASS DENSITIES
MaterialWeight density g Mass density r
kN/m3 kg/m3
Aluminum alloys 26–28 2,600–2,8002014-T6, 7075-T6 28 2,8006061-T6 26 2,700
Brass 82–85 8,400–8,600
Bronze 80–86 8,200–8,800
Cast iron 68–72 7,000–7,400
ConcretePlain 23 2,300Reinforced 24 2,400Lightweight 11–18 1,100–1,800
Copper 87 8,900
Glass 24–28 2,400–2,800
Magnesium alloys 17–18 1,760–1,830
Monel (67% Ni, 30% Cu) 87 8,800
Nickel 87 8,800
PlasticsNylon 8.6–11 880–1,100Polyethylene 9.4–14 960–1,400
RockGranite, marble, quartz 26–28 2,600–2,900Limestone, sandstone 20–28 2,000–2,900
Rubber 9–13 960–1,300
Sand, soil, gravel 12–21 1,200–2,200
Steel 77.0 7,850
Titanium 44 4,500
Tungsten 190 1,900
Water, fresh 9.81 1,000sea 10.0 1,020
Wood (air dry)Douglas fir 4.7–5.5 480–560Oak 6.3–7.1 640–720Southern pine 5.5–6.3 560–640
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© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
APPENDIX H Properties of Materials H3
TABLE H-2 MODULI OF ELASTICITY AND POISSON’S RATIOS
MaterialModulus of elasticity E Shear modulus of elasticity G
Poisson’sGPa GPa ratio n
Aluminum alloys 70–79 26–30 0.332014-T6 73 28 0.336061-T6 70 26 0.337075-T6 72 27 0.33
Brass 96–110 36–41 0.34
Bronze 96–120 36–44 0.34
Cast iron 83–170 32–69 0.2–0.3
Concrete (compression) 17–31 0.1–0.2
Copper and copper alloys 110–120 40–47 0.33–0.36
Glass 48–83 19–35 0.17–0.27
Magnesium alloys 41–45 15–17 0.35
Monel (67% Ni, 30% Cu) 170 66 0.32
Nickel 210 80 0.31
PlasticsNylon 2.1–3.4 0.4Polyethylene 0.7–1.4 0.4
Rock (compression)Granite, marble, quartz 40–100 0.2–0.3Limestone, sandstone 20–70 0.2–0.3
Rubber 0.0007–0.004 0.0002–0.001 0.45–0.50
Steel 190–210 75–80 0.27–0.30
Titanium alloys 100–120 39–44 0.33
Tungsten 340–380 140–160 0.2
Wood (bending)Douglas fir 11–13Oak 11–12Southern pine 11–14
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© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
H4 APPENDIX H Properties of Materials
TABLE H-3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
MaterialYield stress sY Ultimate stress sU
Percentelongation
(25 mm gageMPa MPa length)
Aluminum alloys 35–500 100–550 1–452014-T6 410 480 136061-T6 270 310 177075-T6 480 550 11
Brass 70–550 200–620 4–60
Bronze 82–690 200–830 5–60
Cast iron (tension) 120–290 69–480 0–1
Cast iron (compression) 340–1,400
Concrete (compression) 10–70
Copper and copper alloys 55–760 230–830 4–50
Glass 30–1,000 0Plate glass 70Glass fibers 7,000–20,000
Magnesium alloys 80–280 140–340 2–20
Monel (67% Ni, 30% Cu) 170–1,100 450–1,200 2–50
Nickel 100–620 310–760 2–50
PlasticsNylon 40–80 20–100Polyethylene 7–28 15–300
Rock (compression)Granite, marble, quartz 50–280Limestone, sandstone 20–200
Rubber 1–7 7–20 100–800
SteelHigh-strength 340–1,000 550–1,200 5–25Machine 340–700 550–860 5–25Spring 400–1,600 700–1,900 3–15Stainless 280–700 400–1,000 5–40Tool 520 900 8
Steel, structural 200–700 340–830 10–40ASTM-A36 250 400 30ASTM-A572 340 500 20ASTM-A514 700 830 15
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© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
APPENDIX H Properties of Materials H5
TABLE H-3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (Continued)
MaterialYield stress sY Ultimate stress sU
Percentelongation
(25 mm gageMPa MPa length)
Steel wire 280–1,000 550–1,400 5–40
Titanium alloys 760–1,000 900–1,200 10
Tungsten 1,400–4,000 0–4
Wood (bending)Douglas fir 30–50 50–80Oak 40–60 50–100Southern pine 40–60 50–100
Wood (compression parallel to grain)Douglas fir 30–50 40–70Oak 30–40 30–50Southern pine 30–50 40–70
TABLE H-4 COEFFICIENTS OF THERMAL EXPANSION
Coefficient ofMaterial thermal expansion a
10�6/°C
Aluminum alloys 23
Brass 19.1–21.2
Bronze 18–21
Cast iron 9.9–12
Concrete 7–14
Copper and copper alloys 16.6–17.6
Glass 5–11
Magnesium alloys 26.1–28.8
Monel (67% Ni, 30% Cu) 14
Nickel 13
Coefficient ofMaterial thermal expansion a
10�6/°C
PlasticsNylon 70–140Polyethylene 140–290
Rock 5–9
Rubber 130–200
Steel 10–18High-strength 14Stainless 17Structural 12
Titanium alloys 8.1–11
Tungsten 4.3
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© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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