Properties of Acids and Bases

• Objective: Students will learn how to name acids, identify the properties of acids and bases, and calculate pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-].

• Warm-Up: KWL for Acids and Bases

• Objective: Students will learn how to name acids, identify the properties of acids and bases, and calculate pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-].

• Warm-Up:

• How many grams of KOH are needed to make 250. mL of a 0.25 M solution?

Properties of Acids and Bases

• Acids

• Sour taste

• pH<7

• Vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice,

• Releases H+ ion in water

• Turns litmus paper red

• HCl, HNO3, H2SO4

• electrolyte

• Bases

• Bitter taste

• pH > 7

• Baking soda, bleach,

soap

• Releases OH- ion in water

• Turns litmus paper blue

• NH4OH, NaOH, KOH

• electrolyte

Naming Acids

• How do you know it is an acid?

• The compound starts with an “H”.

• With a partner, complete the packet.

Rules for Naming Acids

• Rule #1-If the acid has only two elements, then it starts with HYDRO- and end in –IC Acid

• Rule #2-If the acid has 3 elements and the anion ends in –ATE, the acid ends in –IC ACID, if the anion ends in –ITE, the acid ends in –OUS ACID

In other words…

• I –ATE something –ICky and got a disease called –ITE –OUS.

Objective/Warm-Up

• SWBAT name acids, calculate pH and pOH.

Label as acid or base.• pH = 3• Feels slippery• Releases OH- ions• Tastes sour• Releases H+ ions• pH = 12

Naming AcidsAcid Ion Name Stem Acid Name

H3N Nitride Nitr Hydronitric acid

HNO2 Nitrite Nitr Nitrous acid

HNO3 Nitrate Nitr Nitric acid

Binary Acids• HCl

• HYDRO chlor IC ACID

• HI

• HYDRO iod IC ACID

• H2S

• HYDRO sulfur IC ACID

Ternary Acids-End in ATE

• HNO3

• NitrIC ACID

• H3PO4

• PhosphorIC ACID

• H2SO4

• sulfurIC ACID

Ternary Acids-End in ITE

• HNO2

• nitrOUS ACID

• H3PO3

• phosphorOUS ACID

• H2SO3

• sulfurOUS ACID

Bases• KOH• Potassium hydroxide• Ca(OH)2

• Calcium hydroxide• NH4OH• Ammonium hydroxide• Na2SO4

• Sodium sulfate

What does pH mean?

• pH = -log [H+]

• Brackets indicate Molarity

[H+] pH

10-1

0.1 M

1

10-2

0.01 M

2

10-3

0.001 M

3

What does pH mean?

• It is a way to measure the hydrogen ion concentration.

• Water breaks apart to hydrogen and hydroxide ions:

• H2O H+ + OH-

• pH + pOH = 14

pH and pOH

[H+] pH [OH-] pOH Acid or Base

10-5

pH and pOHpH and pOH

[H+] pH [OH-] pOH Acid or Base

10-5 5 10-9 9 acid

6

pH and pOHpH and pOH

[H+] pH [OH-] pOH Acid or Base

10-5 5 10-9 9 acid

10-8 8 10-6 6 base

100

pH and pOHpH and pOH

[H+] pH [OH-] pOH Acid or Base

10-5 5 10-9 9 acid

10-8 8 10-6 6 base

100 0 10-14 14 acid

neutral

pH and pOHpH and pOH

[H+] pH [OH-] pOH Acid or Base

10-5 5 10-9 9 acid

10-8 8 10-6 6 base

100 0 10-14 14 acid

10-7 7 10-7 7 neutral

Acid-Base Reactions

• Like double displacement reactions.

Label the Acid, Base, Conjugates

• HCN + H2O H3O+ + CN-

• Acid + base CA + CB

• NaHCO3 + HBr NaBr + H2CO3

• Base + Acid CB + CA

• H2O + NH3 NH4+ + OH-

• Acid + Base CA + CB

What is the Conjugate Base?

• HNO3

• NO3-

• H2PO3-

• HPO3-2

• NH3

• NH2-

Is it an Acid or a Base?• pH = 3

• Feels slippery

• Releases OH- ions

• Tastes sour

• Releases H+ ions

• pH = 12

• pH = 7

• electrolyte

• Acid

• Base

• Base

• Acid

• Acid

• Base

• Neutral

• both