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Promotion of Higher Education, Science &
Technology and International Cooperation in Pakistan
Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS
Key Challenges in Higher Education
Pakistan---An Exciting Beginning !!
My appointment as Federal Minister of My appointment as Federal Minister of Science & Technology(incl.IT/Telecom) Science & Technology(incl.IT/Telecom) ( March 2000) and Federal Minister-Chairman ( March 2000) and Federal Minister-Chairman Higher Education Commission (2002-2008)Higher Education Commission (2002-2008)
6000% increase in budget of S&T6000% increase in budget of S&T 3500% increase in budget of higher education3500% increase in budget of higher education Chancellors Committee (cutting through Chancellors Committee (cutting through
bureaucratic red tapes)bureaucratic red tapes)
Challenge: How do we attract our brightest to
Education/Research ?Pakistan has 100 million below age 20
(54% of population) !
Both a Challenge and an OpportunityBoth a Challenge and an Opportunity
It is the brightest among them who must It is the brightest among them who must provide the leadership in all fields---education, provide the leadership in all fields---education, S&T, GovernmentS&T, Government
HOW ??
1)1) Excite young minds about the wonders of science !about the wonders of science ! 2) 2) Select and train the Brightest in top universities
abroad 3) 3) Attract them back--- by creating an enabling -- by creating an enabling
environment :environment : Salaries Research Funding Access to Literature Access to Instrumentation Critical Mass—create clusters !
Attracting the Brightest Attracting the Brightest !! Change in Salary Structures/Benefits Under new “Tenure Track” system salaries of
Professors raised to over US $ 5,000 per month (equal to US$ 6,500 per month after tax concessions)---several times more than Federal Ministers in Government !
Performance based systemPerformance based system
75% Tax waiver for University Teachers
(maximum 5%)
Faculty DevelopmentFaculty Development
Foreign PhD ScholarshipsForeign PhD ScholarshipsLocal PhD ScholarshipsLocal PhD ScholarshipsOther ProgramsOther Programs
Foreign Faculty Hiring ProgramForeign Faculty Hiring ProgramPost-Doc ScholarshipsPost-Doc Scholarships Industrial Masters ScholarshipsIndustrial Masters ScholarshipsLearning InnovationLearning Innovation
Reversing the Brain Drain !
Under Under Foreign Faculty Hiring Program over 600 eminent scientists and over 600 eminent scientists and educationists have been attracted back---educationists have been attracted back---after living most of their lives in the Westafter living most of their lives in the West
Clustering---45 mathematicians, mostly ---45 mathematicians, mostly from Europe, all clustered in one from Europe, all clustered in one institution---Govt. College/Univ., Lahoreinstitution---Govt. College/Univ., Lahore
Training the Brightest!Massive Foreign scholarship programs
Nearly 11,000 awarded to date (PhD, post-doctoral, Nearly 11,000 awarded to date (PhD, post-doctoral, split PhD etc, mostly for Europe)split PhD etc, mostly for Europe)
World’s largest Fulbright Scholarship program for World’s largest Fulbright Scholarship program for the USthe US
Special scholarships for world’s top 50 universitiesSpecial scholarships for world’s top 50 universities
About US$ 1 Billion being spent on Foreign Scholarships (1500 in IT)
Indigenous PhD programs Over 15,000 awarded Strict quality criteria for PhD Over 15,000 awarded Strict quality criteria for PhD
Studies introduced; plagiarism checkedStudies introduced; plagiarism checked
Training the Brightest!
Massive Massive postdoctoral training program program launched launched for all local PhD.s for all local PhD.s
ALL local PhD students given opportunities to ALL local PhD students given opportunities to study abroad on study abroad on sandwich PhD programs
Linkages established with top Western established with top Western Institutions --- 50 with British Universities, Institutions --- 50 with British Universities, many othersmany others
Local (Need Based) Scholarships
Son of Hari
Daughter of Shopkeeper
Financial Analyst
12
Distribution of Approved Project CostDistribution of Approved Project Cost
A Focus on Quality Assurance
Four year undergraduate programFour year undergraduate program
Standardisation of Degree ProgrammesStandardisation of Degree Programmes
Quality Assurance StructureQuality Assurance Structure
Min. Eligibility Criteria for Appointments of Min. Eligibility Criteria for Appointments of Faculty and M.Phil/PhD DegreesFaculty and M.Phil/PhD Degrees
1313
Monitoring of Private Universities / DAIs Monitoring of Private Universities / DAIs
Category Position after first inspection
(2004)
Position after 2nd inspection
(2008)
Present Position Improvement from First inspection
Category ‘W’ 11 12 47 36
Category ‘X’ 18 32 08 -10
Category ‘Y’ 11 09 01 -10
Category ‘Z’ 13 04 03 -10
Total 53 57 59
14
Grants & Scholarships for Private Sector Universities
Matching Grants Matching Grants for Not-for-Profit Private for Not-for-Profit Private Sector UniversitiesSector Universities
Govt. Govt. ScholarshipsScholarships to Meritorious Students to Meritorious Students for Study in Private Sector Universities for Study in Private Sector Universities
ClosureClosure of sub-standard private sector of sub-standard private sector institutionsinstitutions
Relevance to National Economy & Regional Needs
Date Palm Research Centre at Date Palm Research Centre at Shah Abdul Latif University, Shah Abdul Latif University, KhairpurKhairpur
Fruit and Vegetable Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Sindh Agricultural Processing, Sindh Agricultural University, TandojamUniversity, Tandojam
Food Technology, University of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, FaisalabadAgriculture, Faisalabad
Advance Manufacturing Advance Manufacturing Engineering at UET LahoreEngineering at UET Lahore
Earthquake Engineering Earthquake Engineering Centre, UET Peshawar & Centre, UET Peshawar & NED, KarachiNED, Karachi
Gemstone Training Centre at Gemstone Training Centre at UET PeshawarUET Peshawar
Institute for Sustainable Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, Halophyte Utilization, University of KarachiUniversity of Karachi
Lab for Nuclear Physics, QAU, Lab for Nuclear Physics, QAU, IslamabadIslamabad
National Institute of Vacuum National Institute of Vacuum Sci, QAU, IslamabadSci, QAU, Islamabad
Product Development Centre Product Development Centre at NEDat NED
Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam
Juice Treatment Plant
Beverage Unit
Drying and Dehydration Laboratory
Food Analysis Laboratory
Food Microbiology Laboratory
Cereal Technology Laboratory
Institute of Food Sciences & Technology
Date Palm Research Institute
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur
Institute Established in 2004
Using Technology to Leap-Frog!
Pakistan Educational Research Network
Digital Library Program
PAKSAT 1 (Pakistan’s Educational
Satellite)
Pakistan’s International Video-conferencing Network
2020
August 14, 2000
29 Cities
Spread of Internet Services in Cities & Towns of Pakistan
Information Technology
1050
2000
580
29
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
822 cities on the Internet
2002
Iran
Afghanistan
India
China
From 40 to 1,000 Cities on Optical Fibre (2000-2005)
SDH/PDH (525/622 Mb/s) backbone being
upgraded to DWDM
10 Gb/s
Internet user growth
Internet users
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Internet users
Start point
Today
June 2000: 130,000 Oct 2006: >12 million
Actual users more than 12
Million!
Dial up
Plummeting costs….
Cost /E1
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
US
$
Cost /E1
Start point
Today
June 2000: US$ 87,000/E1 August 2001: US$ 6,000
October 2004 : US$ 3,800
Now US$ 950 per month/2 Mb/s !
Communications Network---the Effect of one Good Decision!
1992-2000, little Growth(300,000 phones)2001, CPP regime brought in
Network expansion of 3 million phone-lines ordered in 2002 ! Mobilink, U-fone
Explosive growth continues till today (over 130 million phones today—hottest sector of the economy)
Pakistan Education & Research Pakistan Education & Research NetworkNetwork
PERN – I Status (2003 – 08)
Universities/ Institutes 80
Core Bandwidth 155 Mbps
Last Mile Bandwidth 4-24 Mbps
International Leased Circuit
155 Mbps
PERN – II Plans (2009 - 2013)
Universities/ Institutes/R&E Org.
250+
Core Bandwidth 10 Gbps
Last Mile Bandwidth 1 Gbps
International Leased Circuit 1.3 Gbps
Video Conferencing FacilityVideo Conferencing Facility
2727
Launched in Dec 2006
2006 2007 2008 2009 Total
Universities Equipped
4 14 16 36 70
Events organized
14 532 490 894 1921
Events
Lectures /
Presentations
Conferences
Technical
Discussion
Meetings
Interviews
Total Events
2006 3 3 8 - - 14
2007 154 10 276 63 20 523
2008 63 7 316 82 22 490
2009 63 10 630 167 24 894
Total 283 30 1230 312 66 1921
International Video-lecturing Program / Distance Learning
High quality video-conferencing equipment installed
Series of international lectures (nation-wide) by top professors from leading world universities
MIT Mirror Website for access to Open Source materials established (http://mitocw.pern.edu.pk))
Digital Library
25,000 full text journals—nation-wide,free-of-charge!!!
One Window Search Engine developed with Lund University
Web of Science, Scifinder Scholar, EMBASE, IEEE, Chem/Biol.Abstracts etc.
65,000 text books from 220 international publishers
Paksat 1
Ku Band
C-Band
Virtual University
4 Digital Satellite (PAKSAT-1) TV Channels for content delivery (License for 2 granted)
Satellite Earth Station 2 Recording StudiosPotential for providing high quality
training in remote areas of Pakistan
Increasing Access
1947-2003 : 135,000 university students1947-2003 : 135,000 university students
2013 : 1,300,000 university students2013 : 1,300,000 university students
No. of Public Sector Universities / Degree No. of Public Sector Universities / Degree Awarding Institutes : from 59 in 2000 to Awarding Institutes : from 59 in 2000 to 157 in 2013157 in 2013
Increasing Access
No. of students in Distance Edn. : No. of students in Distance Edn. : 89,000 in 2001---- 1,200,000 now89,000 in 2001---- 1,200,000 now
Women Participation In Higher Edn : Women Participation In Higher Edn : 36.8% in 2002 to 46.2% in 200836.8% in 2002 to 46.2% in 2008
World University RankingsHigher Education Times, UK Rankings, Higher Education Times, UK Rankings,
November 2009:November 2009:
5 Pakistani universities ranked among the 5 Pakistani universities ranked among the top 600 universities of the World top 600 universities of the World In Natural Sciences: In Natural Sciences:
Karachi University at 223, NUST at Karachi University at 223, NUST at 269 and QAU at 270 in world!269 and QAU at 270 in world!
Overall Overall NUST at 350 in 2009NUST at 350 in 2009
PAKISTAN: Rising StarPAKISTAN: Rising Star
Thomsons-ReutersThomsons-Reuters: Research Growth from : Research Growth from Pakistan is ranked 1Pakistan is ranked 1stst in 5 Areas in 5 AreasComputer ScienceComputer ScienceEngineeringEngineeringMaterial ScienceMaterial ScienceMathematicsMathematicsPlant & Animal SciencesPlant & Animal Sciences
Countries with the highest Countries with the highest percent increasepercent increase in total in total citations in the World’s Best Science Research citations in the World’s Best Science Research JournalsJournals http://sciencewatch.com/dr/rs/08sep-rs/
Ph.D. Output Growing by 30% annually !!
37
Gender-wise Enrollment in Higher Gender-wise Enrollment in Higher Education InstitutionsEducation Institutions
Year-wise PhDs Produced
International Research PublicationsImpact Factor Journals
HEJ
Glowing International Reviews---A Silent Revolution
World BankWorld Bank USAIDUSAID British CouncilBritish Council ““NatureNature””--27--27thth November 2007---- “The November 2007---- “The
Paradox of Pakistan”Paradox of Pakistan” ““NatureNature”” --28 --28thth August 2008--- “After August 2008--- “After
Musharraf”Musharraf” ““NatureNature”--- 3”--- 3rdrd September 2009 September 2009 ““NatureNature”----”----2222ndnd September 2010 September 2010
Nature, 22nd September 2010
4242
“Rahman's strong scientific background, enthusiasm for reform and impressive ability to secure cash made him a hit at home and abroad----
It really was an anomaly that we had a person of that stature with that kind of backing
Atta-ur-Rahman was a force of nature."
Highest Civil Award of Austria
International Prize for Pakistan
TWAS (Italy) Prize for Institution BuildingTWAS (Italy) Prize for Institution Building
Prize was conferred and Prize Lecture Prize was conferred and Prize Lecture delivered by me in Durban, South Africa delivered by me in Durban, South Africa last monthlast month
Prof. Michael Rode, Chairman of the United Nations Commission on Science, Technology
and Development (2008): "Around the world when we discuss the status
of higher education in different countries, there is unanimity of opinion that the developing country that has made the most rapid progress internationally in recent years is Pakistan. In no other country has the higher education sector seen such spectacular positive developments as that in Pakistan during the last six years.” Unquote.
International International CooperationCooperation
International CooperationInternational Cooperation
Virtual Education Project of Pakistan Virtual Education Project of Pakistan (VEPP)(VEPP)
3000 lectures over last few years3000 lectures over last few years Scientists from China, India, Sri Lanka and Scientists from China, India, Sri Lanka and
other countries can join in by delivering other countries can join in by delivering interactive courses through “video-interactive courses through “video-conferencing”conferencing”
Video-conferencing equipment not needed Video-conferencing equipment not needed (Microsoft Communicator Lync)(Microsoft Communicator Lync)
Integrated Distance Education (IDEa):Integrated Distance Education (IDEa):MOOCs
FREEFREEOPEN TO ALLOPEN TO ALLMASSIVE---Hundreds of thousands MASSIVE---Hundreds of thousands
of lecturesof lecturesONLINE (Internet, Cable TV, Mobile ONLINE (Internet, Cable TV, Mobile
appliances)appliances)Formal Qualifications possibleFormal Qualifications possible
MIT Open Courseware: 110 million users worldwide have accessed--- over 20 million web site visits annually from 215 countries
edX: Harvard University with MIT. 700K students
Udacity: Stanford University More than a million students have registered (1.2 million in Feb 2013)
Coursera: Stanford University, Enrolment in Coursera has exceeded 3.1 million and more than 200 courses are offered.
Khan Academy: California, About 8,000 courses at school and college level, Future Learn
i-MOOCsi-MOOCs
Integrated Approach to MOOCsIntegrated Approach to MOOCs Pakistan a leader!Pakistan a leader! All courses integrated and arranged according All courses integrated and arranged according
to levels (school, college, university) and to levels (school, college, university) and disciplinesdisciplines
Technical and vocational courses, language Technical and vocational courses, language courses and Virtual University courses courses and Virtual University courses includedincluded
Lej4learning.com.pkLej4learning.com.pk
International CooperationInternational Cooperation
Joint research projectsJoint research projects Joint publicationsJoint publications Exchange of faculty and studentsExchange of faculty and students Open Access InstrumentationOpen Access Instrumentation Network of Virtual UniversitiesNetwork of Virtual Universities Joint Regional Networks and activities in Joint Regional Networks and activities in
various fields (Biotechnology, Engineering, various fields (Biotechnology, Engineering, Information Technology etc) supported by Information Technology etc) supported by Academies of Science and other bodiesAcademies of Science and other bodies
Historic Meeting: Presidents of Pakistan and Indian Science Academies –
Science building bridges
Investment in HRD Pays Back a Investment in HRD Pays Back a Millon fold !Millon fold !
12 Students trained under our scholarship program 12 Students trained under our scholarship program formed an IT company in Islamabadformed an IT company in Islamabad
------won a contract of US $ 250 million (Rs 20 won a contract of US $ 250 million (Rs 20 billion)billion) in competition to major international in competition to major international companiescompanies
Innovation determines Progress----but you must Innovation determines Progress----but you must create and nurture the Innovation Workers ! create and nurture the Innovation Workers !
Sow the seeds today---the fruits will come 10 -15 Sow the seeds today---the fruits will come 10 -15 years later !!years later !!
The Four Pillars for Progress
EducationEducation
Science & TechnologyScience & Technology
Innovation & EntrepreneurshipInnovation & Entrepreneurship
Visionary, Honest & Technologically Visionary, Honest & Technologically Competent LeadershipCompetent Leadership
PAKISTAN’s PotentialPAKISTAN’s Potential
Winners of International Science Olympiads
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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