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QoS in MPLS NetworksRST-1607
Santiago lvarez
saalvare@cisco.com
CCIE 3621
2222003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-1607 Networkers2004
Prerequisites
Basic understanding of MPLS (L3VPN, L2VPN, TE)
Basic understanding of QoS (DiffServ)
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Agenda
Technology Overview
Backbone Infrastructure
IP Services
Layer-2 Services
Management
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MPLS QoSTechnology Overview
444
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MPLS QoS Architectures
MPLS does NOT define new QoS architectures
MPLS QoS uses Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecturedefined for IP QoS
DiffServ Architecture defined in RFC2475
MPLS support for DiffServ defined in RFC3270
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Differentiated Services Architecture
Traffic Conditioning Agreement (TCA)
Classification/Marking/Policing/Shaping
Per-Hop Behavior (PHB)
Queuing/Dropping
IngressNode
InteriorNode
EgressNode
TCAPHB
PHB TCAPHB
DiffServ Domain
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Whats Unchanged in MPLS Support ofDiffServ
Functional components (TCA/PHB) and where they are used
Classification, marking, policing, and shaping at networkboundaries
Buffer management and packet scheduling mechanisms used toimplement PHB
PHB definitions
Expedited Forwarding (EF): low delay/jitter/loss
Assured Forwarding (AF): low loss
Default (DF): No guarantees (best effort)
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Whats New in MPLS Support of DiffServ
How aggregate packet classifi cation is conveyed (E-LSP vs. L-LSP)
Interaction between MPLS DiffServ info and encapsulatedDiffServ info (e.g. IP DSCP)
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EXP-Inferred-PSC LSP (E-LSP)
Packet Class and drop precedence inferred from EXP (3-bit)field
RFC3270 does not recommend specific EXP values forDiffServ PHB (EF/AF/DF)
Used for frame-based MPLS
Layer-2 HeaderLayer-2 Header
Label HeaderLabel Header
Label HeaderLabel Header
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
Label EXP S TTLLabel EXP S TTLEXP
PayloadPayload
MPLS Shim Header
LabelStack
Frame Encapsulation
Class & DropPrecedence
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Label-Only-Inferred-PSC LSP (L-LSP)
Packet Class in ferred from label
Drop precedence inferred from EXP or ATM CLP
Can be used for f rame-based and cell-based MPLS
Layer-2 HeaderLayer-2 Header
Label HeaderLabel Header
Label HeaderLabel Header
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
S TTLS TTLEXP
PayloadPayload
MPLS Shim Header
LabelStack
Frame Encapsulation
GFC VPI
VPI VCI
VCI
VCI PTI
HEC
GFC VPI
VPI VCI
VCI
VCI PTI
HEC
Drop Precedence
Label
CLP
Class
Label
Cell Encapsulation
CLPLabel
Drop PrecedenceClass
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E-LSP vs. L-LSP
An E-LSP may carry mul tiple classes (max 8, in real l ife lessthan that)
An L-LPS carries one class
Both E-LSP and L-LSP can use LDP or RSVP for labeldistribution
Cisco products currently support E-LSP for frame-modeMPLS
No demand for L -LSP suppor t with frame-mode MPLS yet
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MPLS Support of DiffServ
All done with Modular QoS CLI (MQC)
Template-based command syntax fo r QoS
Separates classifi cation engine from QoS functionality
Platform-independent CLI for QoS features
Enters configuration sub-mode for policydefinition (marking, policing, shaping, queuing,etc.)
class-map [match-any | match-all] class-name
Command in interface configuration sub-mode
to apply QoS policy for in put or output tr affic
Enters configuration sub-mode for class definition
policy-map policy-name
service-policy {input | output} policy-name
class-map match-all REAL-TIME
match mpls experimental topmost 5
class-map match-all PREMIUM
match mpls experimental topmost 1 2
!
!
policy-map OUT-POLICY
class REAL-TIME
priority percent 25
class PREMIUM
bandwidth remaining percent 50
random-detect
class class-default
random-detect
!
i nterf ace POS1/ 0i p address 10. 150.1. 1 255. 255. 255. 0
service-policy output OUT-POLICY!
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MPLS QoSBackbone Infrastructure
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QoS in my Backbone?
Do you think my corelooks like this?
Of course not (or doesit?)
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Backbone Requirements
Growing trend: MPLS asselected choice for next genmultiservice network
MPLS QoS architecture mustfit mutiservice strategy
Architecture must be f lex ib leand scalable
EthernetEthernet
ATMATMIPIP
VPNVPN
FrameFrameRelayRelayPPP
PPPIP/MPLS
InternetInternet
VoIPVoIP
IPv6IPv6
PSTNPSTN
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Some Theory First
Delay and Loss vs. Utilization
* Measured on a large timescale
Linkutilization*
Delay/Loss
100%x%
y
Traffic patterns still debated(markovian, self-similar,others)
Queuing maths not full ycooked but:
if utilization* kept below x%,performance is excellent
as utili zation* approaches 100%,performance degrades
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Selecting Utilization Level (x%)
Target QoS guarantees(delay, jitter, loss )
Failure handling pol icies (link,node, SLRG)
School of thoughts for queuing theory
Heuristics
Risk tolerance
Testing Politics
Technology religion, etc.
Target Utilization Level (x%)is a function of:
Link
utilization*
Delay/Loss
100%x%
y
* Measured on a large timescale
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Enforcing Utilization Level (x%)
Aggregate capacity planning
Ad just link capacity to expected link load
MPLS DiffServ
Ad just class capacity to expected class load
MPLS Traffic Engineering
Ad just link load to actual link capacity
MPLS DiffServ-Aware TE (DS-TE)Ad just class load to actual class capacity
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Lets Review Technology options MPLS DiffServ
Al ready discussed in overview sect ion
Only PHB relevant in the backbone
Traffic Conditioning Agreement (TCA)
Classification/Marking/Policing/Shaping
Per-Hop Behavior (PHB)
Queuing/Dropping
IngressNode
InteriorNode
EgressNode
TCAPHB
PHB TCAPHB
DiffServ Domain
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MPLS TE Overview
Introduces explicit routing
Supports constrained-basedrouting
Supports admission control
Protection capabilities
RSVP-TE to establish LSPs
ISIS and OSPF extensions toadvertise link attributes
Lots more in session RST-2603
IP/MPLS
TE LSP
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How MPLS TE Works
Information Distribution
ISIS-TE
OSPF-TE
Path Calculation (CSPF)
Path Setup (RSVP-TE)
Forwarding Traffic downTunnel
Auto-route
Static
PBR
CBTS
Forwarding Adjacency
Tunnel select
IP/MPLS
Head end
Mid-point Tail end
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IP/MPLS
DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering
(DS-TE)
Per-class constrained-based routing
Per-class admissioncontrol
Best-Effort TE LSP
Low-Latency TE LSP with Reserved BW
Brings per-classdimension to MPLS TE
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DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering(DS-TE)
Link BW distributed in poolsor Bandwidth Constrains(BC)
Up to 8 BW pools
Different BW pool models
Unreserved BW per TE classcomputed using BW poolsand existing reservations
Unreserved BW per TE classadvertised via IGP
MaximumReservableBandwidth
DS-TE BWAll ocat ion
Link/shaperrate
Forwarding Plane
Control Plane
DiffServBW
All ocat ion
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Allclasses
DS-TE Bandwidth Pools
Maximum Allocation Model (MAM)
MaximumReservableBandwidth
(MRB)
BW pool applies to one class
Sum of BW pools mayexceed MRB
Sum of total reserved BWmay not exceed MRB
BC2
BC1
BC0
Class2
BC0: 20% Best EffortBC1: 50% PremiumBC2: 30% Voice
Class1
Class3
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DS-TE Bandiwdth Pools Russian Dolls Model (RDM)
BC2
BC1
BC0
BW pool applies to one ormore classes
Global BW pool (BC0) equalsMRB
BC0..BCn used forcomputing unreserved BWfor class n
Allclasses
(class1+
Class2+
Class3)Class2+Class3
Class3
MaximumReservableBandwidth
(MRB)
BC0: MRB Best Effort + Premium + VoiceBC1: 50% Premium + VoiceBC2: 30% Voice
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DS-TE Bandiwdth Pools
Why Russian Dolls Model?
BC2
BC1
BC0
Allclasses
Class1+
Class2Class2
MaximumReservableBandwidth
(MRB)
Good match for commonbandwidth allocation inforwarding plane
VoIP gets priority treatment andis unaffected by other traffic:use BC2
Business Data gets preferentialaccess to link vs. BE: use BC1
Best effort may use MRB if otherclasses not fully used, but
should be reduced if lots ofVOIP or Business Data: use BC0
Good isolation betweenclasses, efficient use ofbandwidth
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Class-Based Tunnel Selection CBTS
EXP-based selection betweenmultip le tunnels to samedestination
Local mechanism to head-end
Tunnels configured with EXPvalues to carry
Tunnels may be configured asdefault
No IGP extensions
VRF aware
Simplifies use of DS-TEtunnels
Similar operation to ATM/FRVC Bundles
T1
T2
T3
T5
T6
T7
Dst1
Dst2
Dst3
Tunnel7Dst3, *
Tunnel6Dst3, exp 4
Tunnel5Dst2, *
Tunnel4Dst2, exp 2
Tunnel3Dst2, exp 4
Tunnel2Dst1, *
Tunnel1Dst1, exp 4
T4
* Wildcard EXP value
FIB
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Dealing with Failure Scenarios
During a failure:
Are you missing your SLA?
For how long?
Link failure may have 2x impacton load
Node / SRLG failu re may have a4x impact on load
Failure impact and durationdependent on:
Network topo logy
backbone QoS design
Load Capacity
Load Capacity
Load vs Capacity in the absence of failure
Load vs Capacity during failure
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MPLS TE Fast Re-Route (FRR)
Subsecond recovery againstnode/link failures
Scalable 1:N protection
Bandwidth protection
Greater protectiongranularity
Cost-effective alternative tooptical protection
PE
PE
PE
IP/MPLS
Primary TE LSP
Backup TE LSP
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How MPLS TE FRR Works
PE
PE
PE
IP/MPLS
Primary TE LSP
Backup TE LSP
Next-hop backup tunnel forLink Protection
Next-next-hop backuptunnel for Node Protection
Point o f Local Repair (PLR)swaps label and pushesbackup label
Local repair in msecs
Failure detection criti cal for
total repair time PLR sends PathErr to head
end triggering global re-optimization
Point ofLocal Repair
(PLR)
Merge Point(MP)
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What should I Use in my Backbone?
Nothing
MPLS TE
MPLS DiffServ
MPLS DiffServ + MPLS TE
MPLS DiffServ + MPLS DS-TE
Any of the above + MPLS TEFRR
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Backbone with Nothing
No MPLS DiffServ and No MPLS TE
Resource
Optimization
ServiceDifferentiation
Nothing
A solut ion when:
No d ifferentiation required
No optimization required
Capacity planning as QoS tool
Link over-provisioning to meetall SLAs
Adjust link capacity to
expected link load
Load Capacity
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Backbone with MPLS TE
ResourceOptimization
ServiceDifferentiation
TE
A solut ion when:
No d ifferentiation required
Optimization required
Full mesh or selectivedeployment to avoid over-subscription
Increased network utilization
Adjust link load to actual linkcapacity
Load Capacity
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Backbone with MPLS DiffServ
Resource
Optimization
ServiceDifferentiation
DiffServ
A solut ion when:
Differentiation required
Optimization required
Per-class capacity planning
Same or lower number ofclasses than edge
Adjust class capacity to
expected class load
Load Capacity
Class2
Class3 Load Capacity
Load Capacity
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Backbone with MPLS DiffServ and MPLS TE
ResourceOptimization
ServiceDifferentiation
Load CapacityClass1
Class2
Class3 Load Capacity
Load Capacity
A solut ion when:
Differentiation required
Optimization required
Adjust class capacity toexpected class load
Adjust class load to actualclass capacity forone class
Al ternat ively , adjust link loadto actual link capacity
DiffServ+
TE
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Backbone with MPLS DiffServ and MPLS
DS-TE
Resource
Optimization
ServiceDifferentiation
DiffServ+
DS-TE
Class1
A solut ion when:
Strong differentiation required
Fine optimization required
Adjust class capacity toexpected class load
Adjust class load to actualclass capacity
Load Capacity
Class2
Class3 L oad Cap ac it y
Load Capacity
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Bringing MPLS TE FRR into the Mix
ResourceOptimization
ServiceDifferentiation
NothingFRR
DiffServ+
TE
DiffServ
DiffServ+
DS-TE
TE
Increases resili ency regardlessof backbone QoS design
Stronger SLAs during singlefailure conditions (link, node,SLRG)
Optimization of backupresources
FRR
FRR
FRR
FRR
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ResourceOptimization
ServiceDifferentiation
NothingFRR
DiffServ+
TE
DiffServ
DiffServ+
DS-TE
TEFRR
FRR
FRR
FRR
What Model to Use?
OperationalComplexity
Take your pick !!!As sophist icated as necessary, but not more
EthernetEthernet
ATMATMIPIP
VPNVPN
FrameFrameRelayRelayPPP
PPPIP/MPLS
InternetInternet
VoIPVoIP
IPv6IPv6
PSTNPSTN
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MPLS QoSIP Services
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QoS for IP Services
PE
PE
PE
CE
CE
CE
IP/MPLSCE
CE
Elaborate DiffServ Edgeimplementation
Access l ink capacity control ledby customer (prone tocongestion)
Trust boundary (SLAenforcement)
Appl ies to both IPv4 and IPv6
Backbone must be able to
support customer SLA Per-customer QoS pol icies
only at the edge
PE
CE
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Site IP SLA
Link/shaperrate
Typically between 3 and 5classes (real time, video,interactive, business, BE)
Delay, jitter and lossguarantees for conformingreal-time traffic
Combination of delay andloss guarantees for datatraffic
Sum of committed bandwidth(per-class CIR) not to exceedlink/shaper rate
Addi tional classes no t vis ib leto customer may exist (e.g.management, control traffic)
NA
Low
Low
Low
Loss
NA
NA
NA
Low
Jitter
NANABest Effort
NAZBusiness
LowYInteractive
LowXReal time
DelayCommitted BWClass
Class1
Class2
Class2Class4
Class5
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IP SLA between Sites
PE
PE
PE
CE
CE
CE
IP/MPLS
Site-to-network (point-to-cloud) guarantees forconforming traffic
Each s ite may send x% ofclass n to network per SLA
Each site may receive x% ofclass n from network per SLA
No site-to-site (point-to-point)guarantees
PE
CE
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IP SLA Enforcement
Managed vs. unmanaged IPservice
Trust boundary on PE forunmanaged service
Trust boundary on CE formanaged service
Trust boundary defines SLAenforcement point
Different QoS design options
Site 1
Site 2
PEPEManagedCE
UnmanagedCE
IP/MPLS
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Lets See how SLA enforcement is done
IP QoS Managed Service
PEManagedCE
CEOutput Policy
Classification /Marking
LLQ
WRED
[Shaping]
[LFI / cRTP]
PEOutput Policy
LLQWRED
[Shaping]
[LFI / cRTP]
CE output and PE outputpolicies enforce SLA
Traffic classification andmarking on CE
No input QoS policiesgenerally needed
Explicit-null encapsulationmay be used on CE to avoidremarking customer traffic
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IP QoS Unmanaged Service
PEInput Policy
Classification /Marking
Policing
PEOutput PolicyLLQ
WRED
[Shaping]
[LFI / cRTP]
PE input and PE outputpolic ies enforce SLA
Traffic classification andmarkings on PE
CE polic ies requirecoordination with PE policies(e.g. LFI, cRTP, end-to-endlatency)
PEUnmanagedCE
CEOutput Policy
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Classifier Policing
?
Excess real time (voice)usually dropped
Excess data marked dow n
Dropping excess data atpolicer would affect many TCPsessions
Limited bandwidth sharingbetween classes withaggregate sub-rate
Voice and video will benefitfrom admission control
Sample PE Input Policy
Unmanaged Service
Real Time
Interactive
Business
BestEffort
Video
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Classifier Shaping
Congestion Management
Congestion Avoidance
LinkFragmentation
and Interleaving
(LFI)
Tail drop
Priority Queue
TD
TD
WRED
WRED
?
Sample CE Output Policy Managed Service
Real Time
Interactive
Business
BestEffort
Video
LFI used in slow links to reduce delay and jitter for real-time traffic
WRED used for TCP-friendly packet dropping
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How DiffServ Markings Interact
DiffServ Tunneling Modes
EXP POP
PE
DSCPPUSH
MPLS IP
Several models (modes) ofinteraction between thesemarkings
RFC2983 defines models(uniform/pipe) for DiffServ wi thIP tunnels
RFC3270 defines models(uniform/pipe/short-pipe) forMPLS
Only relevant where pop orpush operations take place(both on IP or MPLS packets)
Explicit NULL label may beused for managed services
What is theirrelationship?
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MPLS DiffServ Tunneling Modes
CE1 PE1 PE2 CE2
Uniform
Pipe
ShortPipe
IP/MPLSIPIP
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Uniform Mode
CE1 PE1 PE2 CE2
IP/MPLS
LabelLabel LabelLabel
Push Packet
remarked
Pop
Packet served onLSP DiffServ Marking(propagated dow n)
IPIP
IP or MPLSpacket
LSP DiffServMarking
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Pipe Mode
CE1 PE1 PE2 CE2
IP/MPLS
LSP DiffServMarking
Tunneled DiffServMarking
LabelLabel LabelLabel
Push Packetremarked
PopPacket served onLSP DiffServ Marking*
IPIP
* Pipe mode precludes Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)
IP or MPLSpacket
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Short Pipe Mode
CE1 PE1 CE2
IP/MPLS
LSP DiffServMarking
Tunneled DiffServMarking
LabelLabel LabelLabel
Push Packet
remarked
Pop
Packet served onTunneled DiffServ Marking
PE2IPIP
IP or MPLSpacket
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Local Packet Marking
QoS Group Id and Discardclass forlocal packet marking
Always an input feature(before label POP)
Used to implement uniformand pipe mode
Recommended semantics
QoS group identifies class
Discard class identifies dropprecedence
Discard class can drive WRED
Not all classes will have a dropprecedence (e.g. EF, besteffort)
EXP
QoS Group Id
Discard Class
InputPolicy
OutputPolicyPOP
PE
MPLS IP
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DiffServ Tunneling Modes Keep present
EXP POP
PE
DSCPPUSH
MPLS IP
When input policy defines EXPto be imposed, value applies toall imposed labels
If no imposition EXP defined, IPprecedence copied to allimposed labels
EXP maintained during labelswaps
EXP not propagated down by
default during disposition Pipe mode precludes PHP
What is theirrelationship?
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AS65001
Prefix1 marking1Prefix2 marking2Prefix3 marking3
AS65000
Some Advanced Configurations QoS Policy Propagation via BGP (QPPB)
Despite the name, no pol iciesare really propagated
Input packet marking (IPprecedence, QoS Group Id)based on
Community
AS Path
IP Prefix
Packet marking happens beforeinput QoS policy
Supports IPv4 and VPNv4addresses
Could add intelligence to IP SLAbetween sites
PE
PE
PE
CE
CE
CE
IP/MPLS PECE
RR
eBGP
iBGP
BGP Table
RIB
FIB
BGP Update
RxPacket
Switch and Mark
TxPacket
Set community65172:1
Mark EF if:community 65172:1
orAS65000
5656562003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-1607 Networkers2004
IP QoS in Inter-Provider Environments
IP/MPLS
IP/MPLS
A-PE1
B-PE2
C-PE1
C-PE2
B-CE1
B-CE2
CustomerCarrier
CustomerCarrier
BackboneCarrier
IP VPNCustomer
IP VPNCustomer
IP/MPLS
A-PE2
B-CE2
B-CE1
B-PE1
IP/MPLS
A-PE2
B-PE1
B-PE2
B-CE1
B-CE2
Carrier A Carrier BIP VPNCustomer
IP VPNCustomer
IP/MPLSA-CE2
A-CE1
A-PE1
Complex coordinationbetween providers
Number of classes
Markings
SLAs
End user may receive leastcommon denominator
MPLS DiffServ tunnel modes
supports CsC hierarchies Tunnel modes my differ at
different levels in a hierarchyInter-AS
Carrier Supporting Carriers (CsC)
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MPLS QoSLayer-2 Services
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QoS for Layer-2 Services
Well-defined SLAs fo rFrame Relay/ATM
Differentiation fo rEthernet services
Point-to-point SLA withexception of VPLS
Backbone must be able tosupport customer SLA
TE-enabled backbone
attractiveHDLCHDLC
ATMATM EthernetEthernet
FrameFrameRelayRelayPPPPPP IP/MPLS
EthernetEthernet
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Layer-2 SLA Enforcement
Site 1 Site 2
PEPE
Networkinterface
UserInterface
IP/MPLS
User interface vs networkinterface
Trust boundary on PE for userinterface
Trust boundary on accessnetwork for network interface
Trust boundary defines SLAenforcement point
Different QoS design options
6060602003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-1607 Networkers2004
Lets See how SLA enforcement is done
Layer-2 QoS User Interface
PECE
PE input and PE outputpolicies enforce SLA
Drop precedence may bemarked fo r FR / ATM /Ethernet
Output drop precedence (e.g.ATM CLP, FR DE) mark ingwhen input marking notpossible
Ethernet may supportmultiple classes (802.1p b its)
UserInterface
PEInput Policy
Policing
[Marking]
PEOutput Policy
Queuing (LLQ)
WRED
[Marking]
[shaping]
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Layer-2 QoS Network Interface
PECE
NetworkInterface
Access Netw orkInput Policy
Policing
[Marking]
PEInput Policy
[Marking]
Access Netw orkOutput Policy
Queuing (LLQ)
Dropping (WRED)
[Shaping]
PEOutput Policy
SP enforces SLA on accessnetwork
PE may only need simpleaggregate policies
6262622003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-1607 Networkers2004
PUSH
Encapsulation Details
Layer-2 QoS Frame Relay
Incoming traffic classified byDE or DLCI for DLCI-to-DLCImode
Input policer may exclude DE-marked frames from CIRmetering
Several classes of service maybe imp lemented
CIR (EIR=0)
CIR+EIR
CIR=EIR=0
Output DE marking when inputmarking not possible
FECN/BECN markingsuppor ted on egress PE only
Control word carries originalDE/FECN/BECN values
PE
MPLS FrameRelay
EXP
QoS Group Id
DiscardClass
InputPolicy
OutputPolicyPOP
FR DE
InputPolicy
DLCI
EXPOutputPolicy
FR DE
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Layer-2 QoS ATM
Incoming traffic classified by CLP
Support for all service categories(CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR, ABR, UBR)
Different traffic conformancesuppor ted (CBR.1, VBR.1, VBR.2,VBR.3, UBR.1, UBR.2)
ATM TM 4.0 meter ing parametersconverted to MQC (token-bucket)policer parameters
CIR = SCR*53*8
PIR = PCR*53*8
bc/be = CDVT*(CIR+53)*8
bc = MBS*PCR/SCR
Output queuing handled by ATM
hardware Cell-relay transport f or delay
sensitive traffic
Control word carries original CLPand EFCI values
PUSH
PE
MPLS ATM
EXP
DiscardClass
InputPolicy
OutputPolicyPOP
InputPolicy CLPEXP
OutputPolicy
CLP
6464642003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-1607 Networkers2004
Layer-2 QoS Ethernet
Incoming traffic classified byCoS (802.1p) or VLAN Id for802.1Q encapsulation
Service characteristics beingproposed at the MetroEthernet Forum (BW Profile:CIR, CBS, EIR, EBS, CF, CM)
Site-to-network (point-to-cloud) SLA for VPLS
Control word does not carryany CoS (802.1p) info
PUSH
PE
MPLS Ethernet
EXP
QoS Group Id
DiscardClass
InputPolicy
OutputPolicyPOP
CoS
InputPolicy
VLAN ID
EXPOutputPolicy
CoS
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Layer-2 QoS PPP/HDLC
PUSH
No layer-2 marking to set orclassify on
No standard service definitionbut classes of service arepossible
PE
MPLS PPP/HDLC
EXP
QoS Group Id
DiscardClass
InputPolicy
OutputPolicyPOP
InputPolicyEXP
OutputPolicy
6666662003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-1607 Networkers2004
Coupling Layer-2 Services with MPLS TE
Tunnel Selection
Static mapping betweenpseudo-wire and TE Tunnelon PE
Implies PE-to-PE TEdeployment
TE tunnel defined aspreferred path for pseudo-wire
Traffic will fall back to peerLSP if tunnel goes down
PE
PE
PE
CE
CE
CE
IP/MPLS
TE LSP
Layer 2 Circuit
Layer 2 Circuit
CE
CE
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Are We There Yet?
Were prettymuch done!
MPLS QoSManagement
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Some Monitoring Tools Monitor ing Utilization Level (x%)
Interface MIB
MPLS LSR MIB
Cisco Class Based QoS MIB
Netflow
NetFlow BGP Next Hop TOSAggregat ion
MPLS-Aware Netflow
BGP Policy Accounting
CommunitiesAS path
IP prefix
P
P
PE
PE
POP
PE
Server Farm Server Farm
AS65001
PE
PE
PE
P
P
POP
AS65002 AS65003
Measuring internal and external traffic matrix
7070702003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-1607 Networkers2004
Cisco Class-Based Qos MIB
Primary per-link accounting mechanismfor QoS:
Classification (cbQosMatchStmtStats/cbQosClassMapStats)
Marking (cbQosClassMapStats)
Policing (cbQosPoliceStats)
Shaping (cbQosTSStats)
Congestion management(cbQosQueueingStats)
Congestion avoidance (cbQosREDClassStats)
QoS policy must be applied tointerface/PVC for accounting to happen
Read access to configuration andstatistical information for MQC
Management Station
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Traditional NetFlow(IP to MPLS)
Egress MPLS NetFlow(MPLS to IP)
MPLS-Aware NetFlow(MPLS to MPLS)
Output Sampled NetFlow(MPLS to IP, IP to IP)
NetFlow MPLS Features Overview
PE P PE
IP/MPLS
Lots of detailed info in session NMS-2032
7272722003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-1607 Networkers2004
AS65001
Prefix1 traffic-idx1Prefix2 traffic-idx2Prefix3 traffic-idx3
AS65000
BGP Policy Accounting
Assign counters (traf fic-index) toIP traffic based on:
Community
AS Path
IP Prefix
Up to 64 counters (traffic-index)
Supports IPv4 and VPNv4addresses
Similar in concept/operation toQPPB, but accounting instead ofmarking
PE
PE
PE
CE
CE
CE
IP/MPLS PECE
RR
eBGP
iBGP
BGP Table
RIB
FIB
BGP Update
RxPacket
Switch and count
TxPacket
Set community65172:1
Count packets if:community 65172:1
orAS65000
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Round TripTime
NetworkJitter
Uni-directionalMeasurements
ConnectivityPacketLoss
FTP DNS DHCP TCPJitter ICMPPathJitter UDPDLSW HTTP
NetworkPerformanceMonitoring
Service LevelAgr eement
(SLA)Monitoring
NetworkAss essm ent
MPLSMonitoring
VoIPMonitoringAvai labi lit y
TroubleShooting
Operations
Measurement Metrics
App licat ions
SAA
SAA
SAA
IP Server
MIB Data
Acti ve Generat ed Traff ic
Destination
Source
Defined Packet Size, SpacingCOS and Protocol
Responder
Performance Monitoring Cisco IOS SAA Today
H323 RTP
Soon
LSPVoIP
MIB Data
Source
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SAA Responder
1.Send train of packets withconstant Interval
2.Receive train of packets atInterval impacted by Network
3.Time stamp when RxedIncrement Rx CountDelta Time
Source
4.Compute: Per-direction OWD (one-way delay) Per-direction inter-packet delay (Jitter) Per-direction packet loss
SAA Jitter Operation Example
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SAA Reaction Condit ions
SAA event triggers
Connection loss / timeout
Latency (one way, round tr ip)
Jitter (one way, round tr ip)
Loss (one way, round tri p) MOS
ThresholdViolation
Thresholdviolation
ThresholdViolation
No Alert
100ms
50ms
Aler tAler t
Resolution
SAA Triggers can generate SNMP trap or another SAA probe
Trigger threshold definitions
Immediate
Average
Consecutive
X out of Y times
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MPLS LSPPing/Trace
VCCV
SAA Probe
Generation
SAA MIB
Data Storage
Reaction Configuration
Thresholds
NMS
ECMP Tree Trace
Echo and Path TracingRTT, Packet Loss,Jitter Statistics
TrapsSyslog
Cisco SAA MPLS Embedded Management
Auto-Con fig / CLI / MIB
MPLS L3 VPNMPLS L2 VPN
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Key Cisco Partners
SAASAANetFlowNetFlow
Flow-Tools
Cisco NetFlow Collector IP Solution Center Internetworking Performance
Monitor (IPM)
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IP Solution Overview
Unified mgmt for MPLS VPN, L2VPN, Security and MPLS TE
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ISC QoS Management Features
QoS provisioning on accesslink (both CE and PE)
Internal cons train matrixcheck software and hardwaredependencies
Support for pre-MQC QoSfunctionality
QoS provisioning onbackbone links using SmartTemplate utilit y
PE
PE
PE
CE
CE
CE
IP/MPLS
PE
CE
classificationmarkingpolicingshapingcongestion managementcongestion avoidanceLFIcRTP
8080802003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-1607 Networkers2004
Summary
Technology OverviewMPLS support of Diff Serv
MQC
Backbone InfrastructureDiffServ
TE/FRR
DS-TE
IP ServicesSLAs
DiffServ Tunneling Modes
Layer-2 ServicesFrame Relay
ATM
Ethernet
PPP/HDLC
ManagementMIBs
Netflow
BGP Policy Accounting
SAA
EthernetEthernet
ATMATMIPIP
VPNVPN
FrameFrameRelayRelayPPPPPP IP/MPLS
InternetInternet
VoIPVoIP
IPv6IPv6
PSTNPSTN
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Q and A
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Reference Materials
MPLS QoS Q&Ahttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/iosw/tech/mpotc_qp.htm
Cisco IOS 12.0S/12.2S QoS Configuration Guideand Command Referenceshttp://www.cisco.com/
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Support ofDifferentiated Services RFC3270
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3270.txt
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Assoc iated Sessions
RST-1601 - Introduction to Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
RST-3606 - Troubleshooting MPLS VPNs
RST-2602 - Deploying MPLS VPNs
RST-2603 - Deploying MPLS Traffic Engineering
RST-2606 - Understanding Convergence in MPLS VPN Networks
RST-2T09 - Advanced Concepts and Developments in MPLS
RST-3605 - Troubleshooting MPLS Networks
RST-4607 - Advanced Topics and Future Directions in MPLS
NMS-4012 - MPLS Embedded Management Tools NMS-2032 - Netflow for Accounting, Analysis and A ttack
8484842003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-1607 Networkers2004
Recommended Reading
IP Quality of ServiceISBN 1578701163
Traffic Engineering with MPLSISBN 1587050315
MPLS and VPN ArchitecturesISBN 1587050021
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Recommended