Process and Performance Management Kick-Off “No matter how carefully you plan your goals they will...
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- Slide 1
- Process and Performance Management Kick-Off No matter how
carefully you plan your goals they will never be more than pipe
dreams unless you pursue them with gusto. W. Clement Stone Paterson
Public Schools Assessment Team 9/30/11
- Slide 2
- 2 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Process Management Process
Performance Management Process Improvement Objectives Introduce
what Process and Performance Management is, and why it is important
Provide an overview of the structure of PPM Introduce DMAIC, with a
focus on D Identify actions needed to implement the project
- Slide 3
- 3 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- Slide 4
- 4 PPM works with any organization Regardless of type, size or
geography. Process and Performance Management Process Management
Performance Management Process Improvement
- Slide 5
- 5 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Process Management. A
systematic approach to: Identifying and aligning an organizations
processes and measurement systems Gathering and analyzing customer
and stakeholder data Performing gap analysis Identifying and
prioritizing process improvement opportunities Aligns work efforts
to strategic business goals and customer requirements. This
holistic approach helps organizations create a structure that
increases the ability to address efficiencies and effectiveness in
a cross-functional, process focused approach to obtain higher
levels of performance.
- Slide 6
- 6 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Building implementation
roadmap Documenting the processes Identifying new measurement
systems Translating best practices Feedback into overall PPM
structure All ideas go through here
- Slide 7
- 7 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Performance Management A
comprehensive process for establishing measurement systems that
assess an organizations on-going ability to perform against
strategic goals. Creates linkages of process activities to
strategic goals and objectives Identifies key requirements for
customers and stakeholders Utilizes well defined and communicated
dashboards and scorecards Uses people and technology efficiently
Fosters an environment of accountability and process focus
Identifies areas for additional learning or support Helps to
identify areas for improvement Tracks results: day-to-day
performance and continuous improvement gains Helps to identify and
document best practices and recognize excellence
- Slide 8
- 8 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Performance Management Its
More Than Employee Performance! The organization By department By
process By program or project By system By team or individual
- Slide 9
- 9 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Activity: Group Discussion 5
min Recap what PPM means to you and to your organization How can
this help you as leaders? with the Assessment project?
- Slide 10
- Define You were born to win, but to be a winner, you must plan
to win, prepare to win, and expect to win. Zig Ziglar
- Slide 11
- 11 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Objectives Clearly Identify
the problem and lay the foundation for process improvement
activities. Understand how the process works or not Understand the
requirements of the customers Action planning
- Slide 12
- 12 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. DMAIC Key Topics
DEFINEMEASUREANALYZEIMPROVECONTROL Team charter SIPOC Sub-Process
maps Voice of Customer (VOC) Voice of Stakeholder (VOS) Building a
Control Plan Risk Assessment Process Management Documentation
Internalizing the changes Transferring Best Practices Creating
solution ideas Screening solutions Determining solutions Testing
solutions Implementation plans Process analysis Data analysis Root
cause analysis Testing and proving hypotheses Defining measurements
Building a plan Collecting data Establishing baselines
Benchmarking
- Slide 13
- 13 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. All Processes Lead to
Student Achievement
- Slide 14
- 14 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. A process is a series of
steps whereby one thing (an input) is turned into something else
(an output), with the intention of creating value for the customer.
Definition of a process Everything we do all day is a process!
- Slide 15
- 15 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Source: Quality Progress,
February2010 Curriculum InstructionAssessmentInfo TechH.R. Transp.
Finance Facilities Food Serv. Education System Work Happens
Horizontally
- Slide 16
- 16 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Group Discussion How many of
your key processes are currently documented? How do you currently
use your process documentation?
- Slide 17
- 17 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Arthur Brisbane to the
Syracuse Advertising Men's Club, in March 1911: "Use a picture.
It's worth a thousand words." Process Mapping Enterprise
Architecture High Level block diagram SIPOC (Suppliers, Inputs,
Process, Outputs, Customers) As Is Sub-process maps Captures the
flow, details, decisions, rework, delays, alternative paths, etc.
Can create Standard Flow Charts or Deployment Maps
- Slide 18
- 18 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Process Classification
Framework www.apqceducation.org Sometimes referred to as core
processes Sometimes referred to as enabling processes
- Slide 19
- 19 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PSIOC Suppliers People
Organization s May be the same as Customer Inputs Things used in
process Items used again and again in a process are called
Instruments Outputs The thing that comes out as a product or
service Key outputs only Customer People Organizations Internal or
external Could state as customer segments only High Level Process
Start End Start high level only Usually 4 7 steps in a SIPOC Use a
Verb / Noun structure No details, no rework, no decisions Can cross
functional boundaries y
- Slide 20
- 20 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PSIOC Suppliers People
Organizations May be the same as Customer Inputs Things used in
process Items used again and again in a process are called
Instruments Outputs The thing that comes out as a product or
service Key outputs only Customer People Organizations Internal or
external Could state as segments only High Level Process Start End
Start high level only Usually 4 7 steps in a SIPOC Use a Verb /
Noun structure No details, no rework, no decisions Can cross
functional boundaries Process Mapping High Level Block Diagram
- Slide 21
- 21 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Steps to Create SIPOC
1.Identify and name the process 2.Identify and agree on boundaries
3.Brainstorm the high level steps We do this, then we do this, then
we do this 4.Capture the key output(s) from the process 5.Determine
who receives the output(s) and list them under the customer column
6.Identify the key input(s) Things that are used in the process to
create the output Instruments do not change but are there in the
process at all times, (i.e., people, technology, equipment,
facilities, etc.) - list these separately 7.Determine who gives you
the input(s) and list them under the supplier column 8.Always
validate your maps with others Tweak accordingly
- Slide 22
- 22 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Activity: High Level Mapping
20 min Identify one key process Create a SIPOC map of your
process
- Slide 23
- 23 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Activity: Identifying
Projects Using your SIPOC map, identify pain or pressure points in
the process Prioritize if necessary Discuss and decide on which one
to focus for this project This will set the stage for the next
steps in the Define phase 25 min
- Slide 24
- 24 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Two Types of Projects: Group
Discussion In this workshop, you will be working on either, a
Process Improvement project, or a Process Design/Redesign project.
In other words, incremental or transformational Which one is
yours?
- Slide 25
- 25 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The Project Charter
- Slide 26
- 26 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. A charter is a document used
by teams that will outline the purpose, goals and milestones of a
project and becomes the focus of work. Charter: What & Why Team
Charter
- Slide 27
- 27 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Project Name: Start Date:
Problem Statement, Objective & Scope PROBLEM: OBJECTIVE: SCOPE:
Business Case Future State Immediate Next Steps Performance
IndicatorBaselineCS TargetFS Target Sponsor: Core Team: Extended
Team: Action Plan (High Level)WhoDue % Completed 255075100 Current
Date:
- Slide 28
- 28 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Business Case Statements
Each improvement opportunity should have a clear business rationale
for why you should address this issue, at this time. Business Case
Statements outline at a high level the importance of a project. How
would this project support the strategic or business plan? How does
it relate to federal or district goals? How will you measure
success? What is the impact to the organization? What are the
potential consequences of NOT acting? Process Improvement
- Slide 29
- 29 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Business Case Statements You
may include things like: Financial concerns Competitive advantage
Customer satisfaction Employee morale Federal mandates Risks of
continuing in the current manner Remember, a Business Case
Statement is only a couple of sentences! Process Improvement Many
of these components may become part of an Opportunity Statement if
you are working on a Design or Redesign Project
- Slide 30
- 30 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Business Case example The
(QA01) Quality Management Audit has been in existence since 1976.
This audit is a review of individual work orders that have pended
based upon a set of pre- defined criteria. The intent of the QA01
was to improve our ability to handle work orders, but the current
process negatively impacts the timeliness of completing jobs and is
done in a variety of ways. This variation in how the job is done
also causes confusion in our metrics. Process Improvement
- Slide 31
- 31 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Group Activity: 15 min What
is the Business Case for your project?
- Slide 32
- 32 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Constructing A Problem
Statement example Buses are late X# of buses were late 01/04-06/01,
which resulted in X# of lost student learning hours. Work order
costs have increased by X% The costs for the Work Order Maintenance
process has increased by X% between 08/15/-12/15/09., which
resulted in $Y budget overage.
- Slide 33
- 33 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. It can be hard to get jump
started with a project charter and project description. Try writing
a 3 Word Statement, then building on it to create a Problem
Statement or an Opportunity Statement. Start With 3 Word Statements
Process Improvement Process Design / Redesign Car wont start Car
will run faster, safer and be more fuel- efficient Name the process
or the unit moving through the process, and state whats wrong Name
the process or the unit moving through the process, and state what
the new design will accomplish (not how, but what).
- Slide 34
- 34 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Start With 3 Word Statements
examples Process Improvement Process Design / Redesign Car wont
start Name the process or the unit moving through the process, and
state whats wrong Name the process or the unit moving through the
process, and state what the new design will accomplish (not how,
but what). Substitute costs have increased Work orders have defects
Food inventory is wrong Attendance tracking process has errors The
Attendance Tracking Process will be redesigned to be consistent
& accurate Work orders will be accurate when Food inventory is
accurate and consistent with the new process We have an opportunity
to create an Attendance tracking process that is error free Car
will run faster, safer and be more fuel-efficient
- Slide 35
- 35 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Problem Statements Describes
the pain or the issue in a process Is quantifiable (needs metrics)
Use X placeholders if you need to State time period of any data
used If you use %, put the ratio in ( ) [ex: 20% (20/100) Does not
state causes or blame Reflects impact (so what?) First to the
customers of the process, OR To the organization Brief 1 or 2
sentences Process Improvement
- Slide 36
- 36 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Group Activity: 5 min What
is the 3-Word statement for your project?
- Slide 37
- 37 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Constructing a Goal
Statement example Reduce instances of late buses by X%, which will
result in X# of regained student learning hours. Project will be
completed by (date TBD). Reduce the costs for the Work Order
Maintenance process by X% thereby reducing overall budget by $Y, by
(date) TBD.
- Slide 38
- 38 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Goal Statements Describes
what your team hopes to accomplish Not WHAT you are going to do
Start with an action verb Reduce, Decrease, Increase Mirror image
of problem statement Refer to the same issue as problem statement
Is quantifiable (needs metrics) Use X placeholders if you need to
Must have the same metrics as problem statement Caution! Dont over
promise on the goal Must be time-bound Estimate when the project
will be completed Brief 1 or 2 sentences Process Improvement
- Slide 39
- 39 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The procurement process
takes too long, x # of labor hours, thereby increasing support
costs to $Y in X timeframe. Problem Statement Goal Reduce the cycle
time by X# of labor hours, while also decreasing support costs by
$Y by date (TBD). Problem and Goal Statement examples The Billing
Payment process in our district (200 schools) currently operates at
x% error rate resulting in a loss of revenue of $Y per year. Reduce
the error rate by X% in the Billing Payment process which will
result in a reduction of lost revenue of $Y, by (date TBD). Problem
Statement Goal Process Improvement
- Slide 40
- 40 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Opportunity Statement
examples Sometimes, the projects we select are about creating or
redesigning a process. In those instances, it is better to start
with an Opportunity Statement, that clarifies why designing or
redesigning a process is critical at this time. Many factors that
would go into a Business Case Statement could apply here as well.
Process Design / Redesign OPPORTUNITY: We have an opportunity to
standardize examinations and assessments to assign grades which
will be comparable across districts. This will allow classroom
grades to gain prominence as a measure of student performance. A
recent benchmarking study reported our district ranks among the
lowest as (22%) in comparison to 7 other similar districts across
the nation, regarding calculating classroom grades for student
report cards. 75% of the Best Practice districts have some type of
formal standards for grading.
- Slide 41
- 41 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Opportunity Statement
examples You will still need to include metrics, impact and/or
benefits to your Opportunity Statement. Build off your 3 Word
statement Start your sentence (at least in your rough draft) with
We have an opportunity to. In Design/Redesign projects, you may
have more than one issue you are trying to overcome. OPPORTUNITY:
We have an opportunity to standardize examinations and assessments
to assign grades which will be comparable across districts. This
will allow classroom grades to gain prominence as a measure of
student performance. A recent benchmarking study reported our
district ranks among the lowest as (22%) in comparison to 7 other
similar districts across the nation, regarding calculating
classroom grades for student report cards. 75% of the Best Practice
districts have some type of formal standards for grading. Process
Design / Redesign
- Slide 42
- 42 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Activity: Creating
Opportunity, Problem & Goal Statements 30 min Review your 3
Word Statements Create an Opportunity Statement Design or Redesign
Teams only OR Create a Problem Statement Start with 3 Word
structure Add quantification and impact Create a Goal Statement
Follow the SMART concept Same issue as Problem Statement Same
quantification as Problem Statement
- Slide 43
- 43 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Project Scope "The work that
needs to be accomplished to deliver a product, service or result
with the specified features and functions." Wikipedia Scope
Basically, how much work is this gonna be?
- Slide 44
- 44 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The 3 Components of Scope IN
OUT Boundaries As identified on your process Complexity # of people
or hand-offs # of units in the process # of locations Geography
Technology Legal or regulatory issues In & Out of Frame In what
is inside your sphere of influence and control Out what is outside
your sphere of influence and control
- Slide 45
- 45 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. u Ideas for Scoping IN OUT
Selecting up front pilot groups (such as 2 ES, 2 MS, 2 HS) can help
you address the amount of work required of your team, thereby
reducing the overall work load Once solutions have been developed
for pilot sites, you can transfer your solution to other locations
thereby reaping the rewards without additional upfront work!
- Slide 46
- 46 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Project Scope example In
Regular QA01 work orders Facilities and grounds work orders All
high schools in the district Measurement practices for the district
Policies regarding work order practices Training issues Staff
allocations Validity of audit Out IT related work orders Schools
other than High School (at this time) Legacy Systems or work orders
Vendor selection & management Supplies ordering Contracting
practices
- Slide 47
- 47 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Activity: Project Scope 15
min Create the format for In & Out of Frame Use a flip chart
Use stickie notes to brainstorm Place stickie notes in the
appropriate area on the frame Any item you are unsure of can be
placed on the boundary line between In & Out, to be discussed
with your Champion later
- Slide 48
- 48 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Activity: Revisit/Revise
Your SIPOC Map 25 min Review your SIPOC Do you have the right
scope? Name? Customers? Is it still an improvement or a re-design?
If redesign, more detailed map needed (see next pages) Update your
action plan SIPOC may need to be tweaked or validated
- Slide 49
- 49 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sub-Process Mapping Start or
Stop points Tasks or activities Depicts flow Decisions
- Slide 50
- 50 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sub-Process Flow example
Identify type of problem Sort work orders ok? Assign tech Research
problem & correct Load data into D860 system Schedule work Get
supervisor approvals Obtain parts or supplies for repair Complete
repair Log repair notes into system & close order Start Stop y
n Work Order Process ok? yN
- Slide 51
- 51 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Change Management
- Slide 52
- 52 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. What is Change Management ?*
*Or, Change Execution, Change Leadership, Change Marketing
- Slide 53
- 53 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Change Cycle
DenialCommitment ResistanceExploration
- Slide 54
- 54 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. What is a Stakeholder? A
stakeholder is any person or organization who has something at
stake related to your project A customer is a stakeholder BUT not
all stakeholders are customers!
- Slide 55
- 55 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 55 Stakeholder Roles
Advocate Change Target Change Target Change Agent Sponsor
- Slide 56
- 56 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sponsor a leader with
accountability for the change, who has consequential influence over
change targets Change Target an individual expected to do something
different in their work to realize the change Advocate anyone in
support of the change initiative, willing to promote it Change
Agent an individual with specific responsibilities to help drive
the change initiative Core Role Definition
- Slide 57
- 57 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 57 Stakeholder Roles
Advocate Change Target Change Target Change Agent Sponsor The
change agent interacts with everyone, but has a primary
responsibility to the sponsor
- Slide 58
- 58 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management is the process you create to communicate
with, influence or use your stakeholders, in a manner that will
ensure acceptance of the changes your team implements. R = Q x
A
- Slide 59
- 59 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Slide 59
VIII.Internalization VII.Institutionalization VI.Adoption
V.Experimentation IV.Positive Perception III.Understanding
II.Awareness I.Contact U n a w a r e n e s s C o n f u s i o n N e
g a t i v e P e r c e p t i o n I n a c t i o n R e j e c t i o n T
e r m i n a t i o n Action Threshold Disposition Threshold C o m m
i t m e n t P h a s e A c c e p t a n c e P h a s e P r e p a r a t
i o n P h a s e Time D e g r e e o f S u p p o r t Reversibility
Threshold The Commitment Curve Strategy
- Slide 60
- 60 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Four Rules for Stakeholder
Management Test your assumptions Test their assumptions Plan your
strategy Take action R = Q x A
- Slide 61
- 61 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Stakeholder Analysis
Worksheet Stakeholder Information COMMITMENT LEVEL and CHANGE ROLE
(Examples: Enthusiastic, Helpful, Compliant, Hesitant, Indifferent,
Unaware, Uncooperative, Opposed, Strongly Opposed, etc) Desired
Behavior Concerns? Influenced by Whom? Influence
PlanResponsibilityTiming Individual or GroupTodayNeeds to Be
- Slide 62
- 62 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Activity: Identifying
Stakeholders 15 min Identify the key stakeholders for this project
Select 1 or 2 stakeholders and complete the worksheet template up
to behaviors column
- Slide 63
- 63 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Elevator Speech 1. What you
are doing 2. Why it is important 3. Whats in it for the stakeholder
4. What the stakeholder can do to help Note: 1 & 2 above will
not change but item 3 & 4 can change depending on who the
stakeholder is at the time you engage them
- Slide 64
- 64 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Elevator Speech example We
are working to reduce defects in the Invoice Payment Process, which
will likely change how we currently do the work. Our current cost
estimates show that we currently waste over $300k per year due to
extra labor, credits, fines and overpayments. Continuing this
process [ complete this statement with the group ] You can help us
by [ complete this statement with the group ]
- Slide 65
- 65 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Activity: Action Planning 10
min Create or update any items for your action plan Refer to the
activities and tools you have started in this section
- Slide 66
- 66 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Project Plan High Level
milestones For the one-page charter Lay out by phases of DMAIC The
more detailed project plan Further detail for to the high-level
plan Captures all the action items, responsibilities, due dates,
etc. Not in Charter, but used by the team
- Slide 67
- 67 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Project Plan example
- Slide 68
- 68 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Key Deliverables by Phase
DEFINEMEASUREANALYZEIMPROVECONTROL Team charter SIPOC Sub-Process
maps Voice of Customer (VOC) translated into measureable
requirements Stakeholder Management Control Plan Risk Assessment
Documentation Project Closure plan Process for Transferring Best
Practices Solution options Solution Decision Risk Assessment Cost
Benefit (CBA) Pilot Plan Implementation Plan Identification of
Non-Value Added activities Proven root causes Key findings from
data analysis A Measurement Plan Identification of key metrics
(outcomes & predictors) Performance Baselines COPQ
- Slide 69
- 69 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Revisit the Charter
- Slide 70
- 70 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Project Name: Start Date:
Problem Statement, Objective & Scope PROBLEM: OBJECTIVE: SCOPE:
Business Case Future State Immediate Next Steps Performance
IndicatorBaselineCS TargetFS Target Sponsor: Core Team: Extended
Team: Action Plan (High Level)WhoDue % Completed 255075100 Current
Date:
- Slide 71
- 71 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Wrap-Up
- Slide 72
- 72 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Summary The Define phase is
all about laying the foundation. This is critical to ensure success
for project teams. A Charter is a one page document that clearly
articulates the purpose, goals and timelines of a project. High
level SIPOC maps are extremely helpful to identify the key
activities, inputs and outputs of a process, as well as the key
players suppliers and customers. Sub-process maps allow an
organization to see exactly what occurs in a process, who does what
and how much variation exists. These maps are key to defining the
steps that add value for the customer and for establishing specific
measurement points. Gathering VOC data from customers - internal
and external allows us to measure our process performance in order
to understand how well we provide products or services. VOC data
can help organizations identify where improvement opportunities
exist.
- Slide 73
- 73 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reminders Have you created
and agreed upon your team charter? Have you shared your charter
with the Project Champion to ensure alignment? Do you have maps of
your key processes? Have you scrutinized your maps looking for
variation and non-value added activities? Are your maps validated
with others who do the work? Do you have a systematic approach for
gathering VOC data and then translating it into measureable
requirements? Have you updated all your action plans?
- Slide 74
- 74 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10 Ingredients for a
successful team 1.Clarify team goals 2.Clearly define roles &
responsibilities 3.Identify how you will communicate with each
other; share files, updates, etc. 4.Agree on decision making
methods before you get to decisions 5.Balance workload and action
items 6.Establish and follow ground rules 7.Follow the DMAIC
process 8.Ask questions, seek help when you need to 9.Be positive
about the experience with your team members and with others in your
organization 10.Celebrate every success along the way not just at
the end. Pat each other on the back.