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PROBLEMS CH 17
Learning CheckWhich lipids contain the alcohol glycerol?A. steroids and waxesB. triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipidsC. sphingolipids and glycerophospholipidsD. glycerophospholipids and waxes
SolutionWhich lipids contain the alcohol glycerol?A. steroids and waxesB. triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipidsC. sphingolipids and glycerophospholipidsD. glycerophospholipids and waxes
Answer is B. Triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipidscontain the alcohol glycerol.
Learning Check
Assign the melting point (mp) of −17°C, 13°C, or 69°C to each one of the following 18-carbon fatty acids, and list the fatty acids in order from highest to lowest melting point. Explain.A. oleic acidB. stearic acidC. linoleic acid
Solution
Stearic acid is saturated and would have a higher melting point than the unsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, which has one double bond, has a higher mp than linoleic acid, which has two double bonds.
B. stearic acid mp 69°C saturatedA. oleic acid mp 13°C unsaturated with one
double bond C. linoleic acid mp −17°C unsaturated with two
double bonds
Learning CheckDraw the condensed structural formulas for each of the fatty acids with 10 carbon atoms that follow.
A. saturated
B. monounsaturated omega-3
C. monounsaturated omega-6
SolutionDraw the condensed structural formulas for each of the fatty acids with 10 carbon atoms that follow.A. saturated CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—COOH
B. monounsaturated omega-3
C. monounsaturated omega-6
Learning Check
What are the fatty acids in the following triacylglycerol?
CH2 (CH2)12 CH3
CH2
CH CH CH (CH2)7 CH3O (CH2)7C
O
O (CH2)16 CH3C
O
O
O
C
Solution
Stearic acid
Oleic acid
Myristic acidCH2 (CH2)12 CH3
CH2
CH CH CH (CH2)7 CH3O (CH2)7C
O
O (CH2)16 CH3C
O
O
O
C
Learning CheckDraw the condensed structural formula for glyceryl tripalmitoleate (tripalmitolein).
SolutionDraw the condensed structural formula for glyceryl tripalmitoleate (tripalmitolein).
Which of the following products is obtained from the complete hydrogenation of glyceryl trioleate?
B. glyceryltristearate
Solution
Olestra, a Fat Substitute
Olestra is • used in foods as an artificial fat.• composed of 6–8 long-chain fatty acids attached
by ester links to a sucrose (not glycerol) molecule.• not broken down in the intestinal tract.
Learning Check
Identify each statement as true (T) or false (F).
A. There are more unsaturated fats in vegetable oils.
B. Vegetable oils have higher melting points than fats.
C. Hydrogenation of oils converts some cis-double bonds to trans-double bonds.
D. Animal fats have more saturated fats.
Solution
Identify each statement as true (T) or false (F).
T A. There are more unsaturated fats in vegetable oils.
F B. Vegetable oils have higher melting points than fats.
T C. Hydrogenation of oils converts some cis-double
bonds to trans-double bonds.
T D. Animal fats have more saturated fats.
What products are obtained from the complete hydrolysis of glyceryl trioleate?A. glycerol and 3 oleic acidsB. glyceryl tristearateC. glycerol and 3 stearic acids
Learning Check
What products are obtained from the complete hydrolysis of glyceryl trioleate?A. glycerol and 3 oleic acids
Solution
Learning Check
Draw the condensed structural formula of theproduct of the following reaction.
O
O
CH2
O
O
CH
CH2 O
O
C
C
C
(CH2)7 CH CH
CHCH(CH2)7
CHCH(CH2)7
(CH2)5 CH3
(CH2)5 CH3
(CH2)5 CH3
+ 3H2
Ni
Solution
CH2 (CH2)14
CH2
CH O C
O
O C
O
O
O
C
(CH2)14 CH3
(CH2)14 CH3
CH3
Learning Check
Identify each as a fatty acid, triacylglycerol, amino alcohol or glycerophospholipid.
A. glyceryl trioleate
B. cephalin
C. choline
D. palmitic acid
Solution
Identify each as a fatty acid, triacylglycerol, amino alcohol or glycerophospholipid. A. glyceryl trioleate triacylglycerol B. cephalin glycerophospholipid C. choline amino alcoholD. palmitic acid fatty acid
Learning CheckIdentify the components and type of
glycerophospholipid. O ║CH2—O—C— (CH2)16—CH3
O ║CH2—O—C— (CH2)16—CH3
+
O NH3 ║ │CH2—O—P—O—CH2—CH−COO –
│ O–
SolutionIdentify the components and type of glycerophospholipid. O ║CH2—O—C— (CH2)16—CH3
O 2 Stearic acids ║CH2—O—C— (CH2)16—CH3
+
O NH3 ║ │ Type = cephalinCH2—O—P—O—CH2—CH−COO –
│ Serine O– Phosphate Amino alcohol
Learning Check
Match the components of the cholesterol molecule with
each of the following: alkyl chain hydroxyl group steroid nucleus methyl group
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
HO
CH3
AC
B
D
Solution
Match the components of the cholesterol molecule with
each of the following: alkyl chain hydroxyl group steroid nucleus methyl group
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
HO
CH3
AC
B
D
D A
C B
Learning Check
Identify each of the following as a steroid, triacylglycerol, phospholipid, or sphingolipid.A. cholesterolB. glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate, and cholineC. glyceryl tristearateD. sphingosine, fatty acid, phosphate, and cholineE. estradiolF. bile saltsG. lipids in plasma membranes
Solution
A. cholesterol steroidB. glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phospholipid
phosphate, and cholineC. glyceryl tristearate triacylglycerol D. sphingosine, fatty acid, sphingolipid
phosphate, and cholineE. estradiol steroidF. bile salts steroidG. lipids in plasma phospholipid
membranes sphingolipid
Learning CheckWhat is the transport of particles across a cell
membranefrom high concentration to low concentration called?A. facilitated transportB. diffusion (passive transport)C. active transport
SolutionWhat is the transport of particles across a cell
membranefrom high concentration to low concentration called?A. facilitated transportB. diffusion (passive transport)C. active transport
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