Privacy and Security Shh … be very very quiet

Privacy and SecurityShh… be very very quiet

Fluency with Information Technology

INFO100 and CSE100

Katherine Deibel

2012-05-11 Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology 1

Two Related IdeasPrivacy: controlling who has access to specific informationSecurity: ensuring availability and privacy of access to specific information This is all about data management

What is the data? Where is it stored? Who can access it? How can you access it?

Security in Brief Two aspects to security

Controlling who has access Ensuring that they have access

Ensuring access is often overlooked What would you do if you lost your

cellphone and its phonebook? What if your hard drive crashes?

Backing Up It is always a good idea to make backups

of important data Rules for backing up:

Do it frequently Back up only recent changes (saves more

space than copying everything) Keep the backups physically separate from the

originals Choose mediums that you will continue to have

technology access for

The Cloud The idea of the cloud

Move computation off of local machines to the Internet

Applications provided as web services by cloud providers

Provides access wherever and whenever one can get online

Security, Privacy, and the Cloud

Is the cloud a good place to store your personal data? Is it secure? Does it guarantee your privacy? Is it reliable?

We will come back to these questions later

Information and PrivacyShocking stories of Victorian intrigue!

Mother is secretly half-

Welsh?!?

Information Society We live in an information society

Easy to collect, store, search, and manipulate data on record scales

Every action we do generates information Using a library Purchasing from a store Flying on a plane Doing homework Paying taxes

The BIG QUESTIONS Who owns the information? What can you/they do with it? How do you manage and protect your

information? Who and what are you protecting it from? What needs to be protected? What needs to be managed?

The Bookstore Example You buy a book:

Cooking with Red Meat, Cheese, Lard & Beer The store has a record of the purchase How they may use it:

Ignore it Recommend books to you Target advertising Give this information to others (your health

insurance company)

Implications What if the book was a gift?

Recommendations become poorer Advertising will reach the wrong market

Interpretation of the book's meaning Do I want to eat fatty foods? Am I studying high fat-cuisines?

One scenario…. Pizza Palace

http://aclu.org/pizza/images/screen.swf

Ask yourself… Did that video bother you? Is it a realistic future?

If yes, do you want that future? If no, how much do you think could

become a reality and do you want it? Most importantly, what do we mean

when say we want some information to remain private?

Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology 14

Portable Cameras of 1890s Cheaper cameras Faster film speeds Less sitting time

2012-05-11

What Is Privacy?S. D. Warren & L. D. Brandeis (1890). The Right to Privacy. Harvard Law Review, 4(5), pp. 193-220.

"The common law secures to each individual the right of determining, ordinarily, to what extent his thoughts, sentiments and emotions shall be communicated to others. Under our system of government he can never be compelled to express them (except upon the witness stand); and even if he has chosen to give them expression, he generally retains the power to fix the limits of the publicity that shall be given them."

What Is Privacy?

S. D. Warren & L. D. Brandeis (1890). The Right to Privacy. Harvard Law Review, 4(5), pp. 193-220.

"The narrower doctrine [of privacy] may have satisfied the demands of society at a time when the abuse to be guarded against could barely have arisen without violating a contract or a special confidence; but modern devices afford abundant opportunities for the perpetration of wrongs without the participation of the injured party."

Implications Warren & Brandeis's argument is a

critical observation about society and new technologies: The adoption of new technologies affects

the interactions of people in society and therefore necessitates reviewing laws and rights in regards to the new technologies.

Eyeglasses and NerdsA historical diversion

History of Eyeglasses China, ≈1 CE: As eye protection Italy, 1260s: For farsightedness Europe, 1500s: For nearsightedness Britain, 1725: Modern frame invented U.S.A, 1780s: Bifocals invented Britain, 1825: For astigmatisms

Historical Eyeglasses“Glasses are very disfiguring to women and girls.” From a 1901 optician journal

Glasses not for public use Used only for brief moments Led to quick use optics

monocle lady’s lorgnette pince-nez scissor glasses

2012-05-11

Except… Scholars and academics The clergy The Spanish

THUS… THE ASSOCIATION OF GLASSES WITH INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS!!!

Spain? Glasses were popular Higher classes wore

larger lenses

Portrait of a Cardinal, Probably Cardinal Don Fernando Niño de Guevara (1541–1609)

by El Greco

Clergy MemberPoor Vision

Reading Latin Texts

+ EyeglassesContinuous Use

AristocratPoor VisionReading a

Playbill+ Eyeglasses

Brief Use+ In SpainContinuous Use

+ In SpainContinuous Use

Think about it…

Point of Historical Sidetrack Technology usage shapes people’s

perceptions of the users Culture and society shapes how,

when, and if a technology is used

Defining PrivacyI want to tell you but…

A Definition What does “privacy” mean in the

modern world? The right of people to choose freely under

what circumstances and to what extent they will reveal themselves, their attitude, and their behavior to others

Privacy is a right You control when & how much is revealed Point of this lecture: You can and should

have a lot of privacy by using this control2012-05-11 Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology 26

Using Collected Information The collector can’t use after business

purpose over The collector can use it, if you

approve (OPT-IN) The collector can use it, unless you

object (OPT-OUT) The collector can use information no

matter what

Fair Information Practices

Limited Collection Quality Purpose Use Limitation

Security Openness Participation Accountability

2012-05-11

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defined the “gold standard” for fair information practices

Principles

Limited Collection Principle There should be limits to the personal

data collected about anyone Collect data by fair and lawful means; Collect data with the knowledge and

consent of the person whenever appropriate and possible

Quality Principle Personal data gathered should be

Relevant to the purposes for which it is used Should be accurate, complete, and up-to-date

2012-05-11

Purpose Principle The purposes for collecting personal data

should be stated at the time it is collected The uses should be limited to only those

purposes

2012-05-11

Use Limitation Principle Personal data should not be disclosed or

used for purposes other than stated in the Purpose Principle

Exceptions: With the consent of the individual By the authority of law

Security Principle Personal data should be protected by

reasonable security measures against Risks of disclosure Unauthorized access Misuse Modification Destruction Loss

Openness Principle There should be a general openness of the

policies and practices about personal data collection Should be possible to know of its existence,

kind, and purpose of use, Should be able to identity and contact

information for the data controller

Participation Principle An individual should be able to

Determine whether the data controller has information about him or her,

Discover what it is in an understandable form, in a timely manner, and at a reasonable charge

Request data to erased, completed, or changed If any of the inquiries above are denied, the

individual should be able to Learn about the reasons for the denial Challenge the denial if so desired

2012-05-11

Accountability Principle The data controller should be accountable

for complying with these principles Policies, legislation, and laws to back up

the need to be held accountable

Europe vs America EU, much of non-EU Europe, NZ, Hong

Kong, Australia, and Canada use OECD Both government and private purposes

U.S. privacy law does not use the OECD U.S. privacy law for government

information is generally strong U.S. privacy law for business is “sectoral”,

meaning it is limited to sectors and specific business practices

U.S. Businesses and Privacy Very few industries/practices have

explicit privacy rules Almost anything goes Opting-out is the general approach

Recent federal law for medical data HIPPA: Health Insurance Portability and

Accountability Act of 1996 PSQIA: The Patient Safety and Quality

Improvement Act of 20052012-05-11 Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology 38

Think About It EU law says, “Info on EU citizens must

comply with OECD on leaving EU” U.S. privacy is so bad, EU information

cannot come here U.S.-EU are in constant negotiations

Some Info is Protected

Family Educational Rights & Privacy Act As a general rule the University will not

release a student’s educational records to a third party without written consent of the student. This includes tuition account information.

Even includes practices of returning homework and reporting grades

Some Info is Protected UW Libraries Privacy Policy

The University of Washington Libraries values the privacy of library users. The Libraries seeks to minimize the collection and retention of personally identifiable information.

When information is not kept, it cannot be abused.

Digital Privacy Most reputable online business post privacy

statements on their sites Should be understandable to you Say what info they collect, Say what they will do with it How to "opt-out" or "opt-in"

Digital Privacy Unfortunately, there is

Little if any government policing Lack of resources for filing complaints Few penalties for violations

Independent Auditors Private firms organizations monitor and

report privacy violations TRU.S.Te Better Business Bureau

Social networking and public opinion can force companies to comply

2012-05-11

Real Networks in 1999 What they did:

Secretly gathered data on people’s personal music tastes

Encrypted the info so no one would know Didn’t mention it in their privacy statement

They were caught Changed privacy statement Major loss in usage Permanent marring of public trust

Further Privacy IssuesCookies and grocery shopping

Cookies A cookie is a record stored on your

computer by a Web Server The cookie is usually a unique ID that allows

the server to remember who you are Improves Web experience

Server

ClientClient

Client

Client Client

4.95.142.16: 210465: Chris, Dating for Total Dummies

Client: 210465

Dating

Cookies are Good (and Yummy)

Cookies are used by many sites and they make Web usage much better Many sites use cookies for history and logins Banking and credit card applications cannot be

secure enough without cookies If all privacy laws met OECD standards

Cookies would be all good No one but computer scientists would know about

Cookies are Bad (too sugary) Cookies can be stored in your computer

by sites you have not visited: 3rd party▪ 3rd Party Cookies come from a site in business with the

site you visit, e.g. for ads ▪ 3rd party cookies allow info to be correlated

Client Chris

ABC site:210465

DEF site:4491027

3rdParty: 666-666

Server ABC

Chirs Cookie: 210465

Server DEF

Chirs Cookie: 4491027

Server 3rd

123 Cookie:666-666

Correlating Cookies The 3rd party cookie becomes the key

(literally, in DB sense) to join (in DB sense) the info held by separate co.s

Company ABC Database

Customer Cookie Ad Agcy Data1 Data 2 ...

Chris 210465 666-666 val 1 val 2

Company DEF Database

Customer Cookie Ad Agcy Data1 Data 2 ...

Chris 4491027 666-666 val 3 val 4

It’s the same Chris!!!2012-05-11 Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology 50

Managing Cookies You control whether your computer

accepts cookies -- look in browser If you don’t care about privacy,

Accept all cookies If you greatly value your privacy,

Accept no cookies If you want some privacy AND benefit from the

useful stuff on the Web, Accept cookies but reject 3rd party

cookies

Grocery Cards Easy to collect information about a

customer's eating habits Identity can be validated by credit card

Some privacy experts fear that this knowledge will be passed to health insurance companies Debatable if useful for actuarial purposes

What does the privacy statement say?

Grocery Cards QFC Privacy Statement:

The information gathered by QFC will be used to give you, our valued customer, our very best. You have our word on that! We pledge that QFC will not release your name to any list service or manufacturer, and that such information will be held in the strictest of confidence–even within our company.

But QFC is an affiliate of Kroger Kroger's Privacy Statement:

Kroger and its affiliates may use personal customer information to create merchandising and promotional programs tailored around specific purchases, the frequency of store visits, volume of purchases, and other data…We may share personal customer information with our subsidiaries, affiliates, agents, representatives and trusted partners for the limited purpose of providing services or information to Kroger or our customers at our direction.

Conflicting statements? Yes But…

It is all legal in the United States We have grown accustomed to the idea

that our information is being used The U.S. is an opt-out society

Answers and the CloudAre you there, Google?It's me, Kate

Security, Privacy, and the Cloud

Is the cloud a good place to store your personal data? The answer depends on the privacy and

security policies of the cloud service Keep this in mind:

Privacy policies may and do change Some services go away (e.g., MobileMe) Will you have network access

Summary You may not think about privacy much,

but maybe you should … You should have a say in whether or not

records of your information can be linked to you The U.S. needs better laws, and why not?

Do you care whether Google or Facebook can deliver an ad to you based on your private information?

Privacy and Security Shh … be very very quiet

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