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Presentations by the
National Library of Australia
at the State Library of Queensland
6 July 2007
Strategic directions
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA
DIRECTIONSFOR 2006-2008
Our major undertaking in 2006-2008 will be to enhance learning and knowledge creation by further simplifying and integrating services that allow our users to find and get material, and by establishing new ways of collecting, sharing, recording, disseminating and preserving knowledge.
Strategic directions
DESIRED OUTCOMES
1. To ensure that a significant record of Australia and Australians is collected and safeguarded.
2. To meet the needs of our users for rapid and easy access to our collections and other resources. 3. To demonstrate our prominence in Australia’s cultural, intellectual and social life and to foster an understanding and enjoyment of the National Library and its collections.
4. To ensure that Australians have access to vibrant and relevant information services.
5. To ensure our relevance in a rapidly changing world, participate in new online communities and enhance our visibility.
Strategic directions
‘Learn still; take, reject, choose, use, createPut past to present, purpose make.’
Rosemary Dobson
The bottom line: budget facts and figures,
collection valuation, workforce planning and commercial services
Gerry LinehanAssistant Director-General,
Corporate Services
Federal arrangements
• $850m/yr on arts and cultural heritage • Majority of arts and cultural heritage agencies in
one portfolio • 14 agencies within the portfolio - the NLA is one of
the eight Arts agencies included
Facts and figures
• 2006-07 NLA revenue about $71 million
– $58m appropriation from Government (83%)
– $2m goods free of charge (legal deposit etc.)
– $11m external revenue (Libraries Australia $4m, sales $4m, bank interest and cash donations $3m)
Facts and figures
• 2006-07 expenses about $71m:
– $33m salaries (46%)
– $19m suppliers (IT $2m, serials/subs $3m, building management $4m, contractors $3m)
– $19m depreciation
Facts and figures
• Assets around $1.690b:
– collection $1481m
– building and land $158m
– plant, equipment & software $15m
– other $36m
• Spend or receive in total up to $13m on the collection each year
Facts and figures
• Five buildings:
– main building (41 000 sq metres)
– 2 warehouses in Hume (6400 sq metres)
– workshop in Mitchell (500 sq metres)
– Australian Embassy In Jakarta
– new warehouse to replace existing one
New Warehouse
• Land area 12 530m2• Building dimensions
– 111m long
– 30m wide
– 12.8m high
• Shelf space
– 56 700 linear metres
– shelves 6.6m high
New Warehouse
New Warehouse
High rise shelving
High rise shelving
Jakarta office staff
Facts and figures
• Full-time staffing level = 443• To decline to 424 this financial year• 71% staff = female• 25% staff have been at the Library for at least the
last 15 years• Average age of staff = 45
Facts and figures
Strategic workforce plan
• Attract, recruit, develop, retain staff• Build a leadership and learning culture• Promote a united, inclusive, informed workforce• Promote our service ethos
Strategic workforce plan
• Attract, recruit, develop and retain staff
– align HR systems with business objectives
– introduce a marketing focus
– implement a mentor program
– provide focussed learning and development
– acknowledge staff achievements
Strategic workforce plan
• Build a leadership and learning culture
– communicate and promote the leadership and learning culture
– identify and develop future leaders
– encourage teamwork, innovation and imaginative thinking
Strategic workforce plan
• Promote a united, inclusive and informed workforce
– promote consultative workplace practices
– maximise the benefits of the Library’s diversity
– ensure staff are informed about corporate strategies
– ensure staff are aware of Library initiatives
Strategic workforce plan
• Promote our service ethos
– clarify and communicate the service ethos
– ensure staff are aware of their roles and responsibilities and there are systems to assess individual and overall performance
Mature age strategy
• Respond strategically to the shift in the demographic profile of the workforce
• Build positive cultural change, particularly in regard to mature staff
Mature age strategy
• To provide:
– information on conditions under CA and AWAs
– superannuation and financial planning advice
– access to healthy work and lifestyle activities
– opportunity to transfer to a different position
– access to paid sabbatical
Some future issues
• Funding pressures
– extra funding
– increased returns
– external support
• Security• Building management• Workforce planning
– Collective Agreement
– recruitment
Collection management: key strategies
Pam GatenbyAssistant Director-General,Collections Management
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA
DIRECTIONSFOR 2006-2008
DESIRED outcome 1
To ensure that a significant record of Australia and Australians is collected and safeguarded.
Strategic directions
Australian Web Resources
• Selective approach
• Whole Domain harvest approach
– two harvests carried out, one planned for 2007
– 500 million documents (URLs) collected in 2006 harvest (19.04 terabytes)
– snapshot of the Australian web domain for long term preservation
– no public access yet
Overseas Publications
Collection Management
• New acquisitions catalogued soon after receipt• Target turnaround times• Cataloguing Policy on website• A brief record better than no record
OPAC
Libraries Australia Google
Picture Australia
Music Australia
RAAM Australia Dancing
One record, many uses. Many search options.
Finding items in the collection
Bibliographic control of the collections
Collection size = 5.6 million items
-2.9
7.1
17.1
27.1
37.1
47.1
57.1
67.1
77.1
87.1
1 2 3
%
4.8m
601,000
117,640
Catalogued online no record record in card catalogue
10.8
2.1
Serials Records (1985–2007)
260 000 records
NLA OPAC
Libraries Australia
Cheaper, faster, better
We are aiming to: • Reduce the cost of original cataloguing of new
acquisitions
• Streamline record creation for existing collections not already catalogued online
• Improve coverage of our collections in online catalogues
Reduce cost of original cataloguing
• Purchase records:
– from Serials Solutions for e-journals
– from suppliers of books published in India and China
• Simplify subject analysis (subject suggestor tool)
Streamline cataloguing of existing collections
• Semi-automated creation of MARC records from existing sources of data, e.g. paper lists, descriptions provided by creators and volunteers, subject thesauri
• Used with large collections, e.g. topographic maps, aerial photos, picture collections, ephemera.
Hugh P. Hall Ballet Russes Photograph Collection
Records for 500 photographs created using:
• information provided on spreadsheets by subject specialists
• global insertion of data in common fields
• Some authority work by cataloguers
The Ephemera Collection
• Generation of records for hundreds of items
• Representation of a wide range of subjects
• Addition of 11 000 records to Libraries Australia
Other initiatives
• Projects to process collections and record management information
• Scanning catalogue cards and title pages
• Providing access to individual maps in series
• Experiment with user tagging
Access, access, access! Strategies for resource discovery
Margy Burn Assistant Director-General,
Australian Collections & Reader Services
and
Dr Warwick CathroAssistant Director-General,
Innovation
• 73% of NLA onsite users visit fortnightly or more often
• 35% visit weekly
• 71% of onsite users report accessing NLA website from off-site
More strategies for resource discovery
Warwick S. CathroAssistant Director-General,
Innovation
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA
DIRECTIONSFOR 2006-2008
DESIRED outcome 2
To meet the needs of our users for rapid and easy access to our collections and other resources.
Strategic directions
Our strategies
• Expand the scope of our discovery services• Improve the discovery and access experience• Remove access barriers• Reshape our supporting IT infrastructure
Expand discovery services
• More contemporary content• Newspaper and journal articles• Biographical information• Federated search with museums, galleries,
archives
Improve the access experience
• Relevance ranking, clustering, FRBR• User participation – annotation, tagging• Take advantage of Libraries Australia • Explore new models for interlibrary loan
Remove access barriers
• Free access to metadata• Access to in-copyright content• Seed Google with metadata• Collaborate with state/territory libraries
Replace our catalogue?
• Take advantage of Libraries Australia• Give users access to a wider pool of library
resources• Limit searches to our own collection if required• Enhanced user experience through integration
with other services
We need better interfaces
• Users starting in Libraries Australia need to access detailed holdings data
• ‘Deep links’ from Libraries Australia replaced by ‘web services’ protocol
• Simple, stateless protocol for requesting a resource
Data is missing from the NBD
• Copy-specific information• Local information about formed collections• Links to record sets
We will …
• Work through standards bodies to develop the necessary protocols
• Examine how to incorporate institution specific data into the NBD
• Examine use of access controls for links to record sets
Newspaper digitisation
Newspaper digitisation
• Cover the period 1803-1954• Cover every state and territory• Text-searchable newspaper database• Freely available online
The proposed process
• Convert microform to digital images• Process digital images to produce enhanced,
zoned, OCR content• Build a search and delivery system to use
enhanced content• Provide a user feedback and annotation capability
Proposed funding arrangements
• NLA to fund creation of digital content for one newspaper from each state/territory
• NLA to fund development and support for search and delivery system
• State libraries to fund creation of digital content for additional newspapers
Challenges
• Microfilm quality• OCR accuracy• Zoning, categorisation, linking• Quality checking procedures• Costs
Project status
• More than 200 000 pages have had initial scanning
• Contract with Apex Publishing for OCR conversion, article zoning, etc.
• Workflow support system is being developed• Search and delivery system commenced
First 500K pages (indicative)
Sydney Gazette & NSW Advertiser
Maitland Mercury & Hunter River General Advertiser
Hobart Gazette
Colonial Times
Hobart Courier
Mercury (Hobart)
West Australian
Courier Mail
Argus
Advertiser
Northern Territory Times
Northern Standard
Canberra Times
1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960
Year
NDP Coverage
The future
• Collaborate with services that have digitised post-1954 newspapers
• Expose biographical articles to People Australia• Integrate with online newspaper indexes• Encourage citation using persistent identifiers• Use the same infrastructure to digitise other text-
based content
Australian journal articles
• Provide free access to NLA-generated metadata (APAIS, AMI)
• Phase in arrangement negotiated with RMIT Publishing
• Include journal articles in our resource discovery offering from 2008
NSLA Information Access Plan
• Aim: to reduce the complexity of access pathways for the general public
• Existing IAP was defined in 2005:
– improve web site design
– internet guides
– federated search
– take advantage of Libraries Australia
• NSLA has initiated a review of the Plan, which has now commenced
• ‘Australian News & Business Information’, ‘General Reference’ & ‘Health Information’ products offered
• Available to all Australian libraries: interest in 500+ subscriptions already (individual libraries and consortia)
• 31 July 2007: Interest from online Product Polls will establish prices for subscriptions for Sep/Oct 2007 – Jun 2008
• More information is at era.nla.gov.au
Federated search project
• Enabled collections of cultural institutions to be searched online
• Established feasibility study • Settled on distributed search model, using the
OpenSearch protocol• Agreed to encompass metadata aggregations
Current status
• Implementation of OpenSearch protocol
– PictureAustralia
– Libraries Australia
– Powerhouse Museum
– CAN central database (still being tested)
• Strong interest from other cultural institutions (e.g. National Gallery, NFSA)
Sample search
Enhancing our visibility in the online world
Tony Boston Assistant Director-General,
Resource Sharing
and
Mark CorbouldAssistant-Director General,
Information Technology
Libraries Australia
• Australia’s National Union Catalogue– built by Australian libraries over 25 years
• 42 million items held by about 800 Australian libraries
• http://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/
Under-used catalogues?
“1% of Americans (2% of college students) start an electronic information search at a library web site” Perceptions of libraries and information resources (OCLC, 2005). Appendix A
“Today, a large and growing number of students and scholars routinely bypass library catalogs in favor of other discovery tools”
“The catalog is in decline, its processes and structures are unsustainable, and change needs to be swift”
The changing nature of the catalog and its integration with other discovery tools (Karen Calhoun for the Library of Congress, 2006)
The long tail
• Unlimited selection is revealing truths about what consumers want .... People are going deep into the catalog … and the more they find, the more they like. As they wander further from the beaten path, they discover their taste is not as mainstream as they thought
Chris Anderson. ‘The long tail’, Wired magazine, October 2004
Libraries and the long tail
• 80% of people want just 20% of any collection• 80% of the collection requested rarely
– The long tail of sporadic usage
– Represents a new business model
– Fewer, larger resources => Union Catalogues
– Project library services into Web 2.0 world
“Fewer but larger pools of metadata to support discovery would help”
Lorcan Dempsey, D-Lib, April 2006
The solution?
Ranking of bibliographic records
• We have good content to leverage: the catalogue record– exact matches are more important than phrases– matches in the main MARC fields (e.g. 245, 100)
are more important than in the 700s or 800s– matches in several fields are more important than
single– title, author and subject matches most important.
• We could also try using:– is it a collection level record?– what sort of item is it?– how many libraries hold the item?
From prototype to production
• Resource discovery services:– relevance ranking, clustering, annotation
– new software platform
– roll out from 2008
=> Better, more integrated discovery
services with shared functionality
Rethinking resource sharing
• Reference Group established late 2006• Libraries Australia:
– end user requesting, home delivery of items
• Pilot across selected libraries and NLA
issues:
– policy, systems, e-commerce, handling
People Australia
• Information about Australian people and organisations
• Links to related library resources and websites• Interoperates with partner agencies • A sustainable and persistent repository
Other names:Gilmore, Dame MaryGilmore, Dame Mary CameronGilmore, Mary CameronGilmore, Mary Jean
Born:16 August 1865,Woodhouselee, NSW,Australia
Died:3 December 1962, NSW,Australia
Fields of Activity:autobiographer/memoiristcolumnistcontemporary-affairs
Home | Advanced Search | Browse | History | Saved Records | Saved Queries | Alerts
People AustraliaThe ones we have records for
Gilmore, Dame Mary Jean (1865-1962)
GILMORE, Dame MARY JEAN (1865-1962), writer, was born on 16August 1865 at Mary Vale, Woodhouselee, near Goulburn, New SouthWales, eldest child of Donald Cameron, a farmer, born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, and his native-born wife Mary Ann, née Beattie.
More from the Australian Dictionary of Biography Online...
Other biographical entries:Australian Trade Union ArchivesAustlit: Australian Literature Gateway
.Encyclopedia of Aboriginal History
Gilmore, Marshall Gilmore, Meredith
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Search;
Resources
1. Papers of Mary Gilmore [manuscript]. Gilmore, Mary Dame, 1865-1962.1883-1962. 16 boxes. held by 1 library [ONLINE]
2. Papers of Dame Mary Gilmore [manuscript]. Gilmore, Mary Dame,1865- 1962. 1948. 1 cm (1 folder). held by 1 library
3. Mary Gilmore / selection and introduction by Robert D. Fitzgerald.Gilmore, Mary Dame, 1865-1962. [Sydney] : Angus and Robertson,[1963] 65 p. held by 39 libraries, including ANU
4. Mary Gilmore : a tribute / by Dymphna Cusack, T. Inglis Moore andBarrie Ovenden. Cusack, Dymphna, 1902-1981. Sydney : Australasian Book Society, 1965. 223p. : ill. held by 55 libraries, including ANU
Resources:Found 519 resources
Limit to:BooksJournalsNewspapersManuscriptsMusicOral historyPicturesTheses
Results by year:
20001990198019701960195019401930192019101900
By About Online only Prefer my libraries
Dame Mary Jean Gilmore (1865 - 1962), by Adelaide Perry. nla.pic-an2292680, Image Details
National Library of Australia
Go
Go
Issues
• Authority data• Matching/merging entries• Relationships• Annotations
Project stages and progress
• Feasibility study (completed)• Analysis & design (completed)• Development (commenced)• Pilot service• Production service
Picture Australia
• Collaborative search service hosted by the Library since 2000
• 1.2 million images of Australian life• 45 cross-sectoral participants: now including the
general public• www.pictureaustralia.org
• Collaboration with Yahoo!
• Commenced early 2006
• Over 20 000 images added by 800 people
• Metadata harvested weekly into PictureAustralia
flickr™
RMS Queen Elizabeth 2, Christopher Chan, 20 Feb 2007
Best seats in the house_8674, suburbanbloke, 9 June 2007
Photo opportunity at the Pasha Bulker, Nammo, 13 June 2007
Mackay 1959, Pizzodisevo, uploaded 2 August 2006
Photo made by pizzodisevo taken in the year 1959
Photo made by Jonesey_79 taken in the year 2006
Project issues
• Moderation of PictureAustralia flickr groups
– metadata quality, image quality, tagging
• Long-term preservation - NLA’s Pictures Collection
– image resolution• 14% of images met image resolution standards
– copyright• 22% of images used Creative Commons licences
Project benefits
• Embeds PictureAustralia in the user environment• Allows active user contribution by individuals• Provides the ability to juxtapose images past and
present• Engages with new audiences • Raises the profile of the service
Conclusion
• Open collaboration is changing the way we view information
• New rules are reshaping the information environment
• The challenge for libraries: to make our search services better, easier and more enjoyable to use
The National Library’s approach to Information Technology
architecture
Michele HustonAssistant Director-General (Acting)
Information Technology
IT architecture project
• To define the IT architecture needed to support the discovery and delivery of the Library’s collections over the next three years
Our achievements
Our plans
NB
D
RA
AM
Pic
ture
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ustr
alia
Peo
ple
Aus
tral
ia
AR
RO
WJo
urna
ls
New
spap
ers
Mus
ic A
ustr
alia
Pan
dora
E-R
esou
rces
Our users want
• Crime fiction by West Indian women• Australian poetry on the Korean war• Biographies of 19th-century Aboriginal sportsmen• Information about burial practices in Ancient Egypt suitable
for upper primary students• Research on how the mid-19th-century gold rush affected
the Federation movement• Where to start exploring the Petrov affair• Understanding of abortion case-law reform in Australia• Journals discussing Australian literature in the 1950s• Information about the leadership of the Country Party
between the wars• Contemporary reporting of the WWI conscription debate
A better user experience
• Simple and efficient discovery
– relevance ranking
– clustering, FRBR
– subject guides/topic pages
– full text searching
• Encourage tagging, commentary, link creation, guide creation
• Improve ‘getting’
Library problems
• Current systems do not meet users’ expectations• An unsustainable approach
– each service is a new IT project and a new IT system
– we’ll never have the resources to implement great systems at a speed to match user demand
– we’ll never be able to provide a consistent user experience across all systems
• The consequence
– Library resources are under-discovered, under-utilized through these delivery services
Our assets
• Resources
– structured resource descriptions
– subject classified resources
– usage data (purchases, circulation)
– access to/control of physical resources
• Community
– large network of collaborators
– experts available to develop/steward trails & guides
– strong synthesis with user communities
External sources
• Leveraging the full potential of Web 2.0 into our services
– searching full text from GooglePrint/Scholar, Amazon, Gutenberg, MillionBooks…
– reviews, tags …
– citations
– xISBN from OCLC, everything from LibraryThing
– guides from Wikipedia
Single business model
• A single discovery service
– Newspapers, People Aust, RAAM and NLA Catalogue as views of a single data corpus
• A common technical infrastructure
– multiple services constructed on a common infrastructure platform
• A common approach to solving problems
Technical approach
• Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
– assembling of small, loosely coupled reusable components interacting via messages (not objects)
• Lightweight, rapid, incremental prototyping
– design to change, design to replace – hands-on user involvement
• Open source, open standards
– hardware and software agnostic– use, and contribute to, open source software
Service Oriented Architecture
DiscoveryService
AuthenticationService
SearchService
“Annotation”Service
Spelling checkService
Newspapers View
People Aust View
Pictures Aust View
Music Aust View
Single data corpus
National Library challenges for 2007
• Embrace our users• Expand our horizons
– partner with experts
– expose our services
• Digitise our unique resources
Engaging the community
Helen Kon Assistant Director-General,
Public Programs
Friends
2006 Kenneth Myer Lecture with
Geoffrey Robertson QC
Volunteers
Collaborative events
Conferences
Programs for children & young adults
Community Heritage Grants
Community Heritage Grants
• Managed by the National Library
• Program partners:
– Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts
– National Archives of Australia
– National Film and Sound Archive
– National Museum of Australia
– National Library of Australia
Community Heritage Grants
• Helps community organisations preserve their nationally significant cultural heritage collections
• Annual grants up to $15 000
• Since 1994:
– 506 projects received grants
– over $2 million distributed
Community Heritage Grants
Queensland
• $260 411 distributed to 58 organisations
• 34 applications received in 2007
Exhibitions reach
• National Library exhibitions seen by almost 3 million people over the past decade
• 14 exhibitions to 114 venues across Australia since 1994
• From Bunyip to Brisbane, a National Library exhibition has been shown in every State and Territory
Travelling exhibitions
National Treasures Exhibition
National Treasures Exhibition
• Over 350 000 visitors to date
• First major exhibition to travel to every Australian capital city
• NOW AT LAST VENUE! Western Australian Museum, Perth
National Treasures Exhibition
National Treasures Gallery
Communicating through the media
eNews
Collaborative marketing
Reaching the community
Reaching the community
Interpreting the collection online
Books & merchandise
New directions
New directions
New directions
National Library bookshop
Online shop
National coordination
Jasmine CameronAssistant Director-General, Executive
Support
Coordination
• National meetings and forums• Peak bodies; action at the national level• International liaison, support and visits• Fundraising and sponsorship
www.nla.gov.au
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