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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 2
Carrier Ethernet –Cisco’s Future Vision and the Alignment with the IP NGN
Istvan KakonyiConsulting Systems Architect
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Agenda
1.Introduction
2. Architectural Evolution of the IP NGN
3.Technology Alternatives
4.Carrier Ethernet Aggregation System Reloaded
Service Delivery Models
Foundation Technologies
Cisco EVC
QoS and admission Control
Multicast delivery for Video
5.Product Update
6.Q and A
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Introduction
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Carrier Ethernet EvolutionTowards a Combined L2-Services & Transport Layer
1st wave 2nd wave 3rd wave
Carrier Ethernet used to provide high bandwidth
business services
Happened:Niche application
Carrier Ethernet employed in consumer broadband services /
aggregation
Happening: Mainstream application replacing ATM solutions
Carrier Ethernet replaces SDH/SONET transport infrastructure
Beginning but long term:10–20 Year transition
6
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
ExampleMulti-Site WAN Market Changes in the Netherlands
Data Source: KPN quarterly reportshttp://www.kpn.com/kpn/show/id=965927/contentid=20417
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2,500
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Q1
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'05
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'06
Q2
'06
Q3
'06
Q4
'06
Frame Relay (# Ports/Sites)
L3 MPLS-VPN (# Ports/Sites)
Digital Leased Lines
Ethernet-VPN (#Ports/Sites)
0
2,500
5,000
7,500
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15,000
17,500
20,000
22,500
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35,000
37,500
40,000
42,500
45,000
Q1
'03
Q2
'03
Q3
'03
Q4
'03
Q1
'04
Q2
'04
Q3
'04
Q4
'04
Q1
'05
Q2
'05
Q3
'05
Q4
'05
Q1
'06
Q2
'06
Q3
'06
Q4
'06
Frame Relay (# Ports/Sites)
L3 MPLS-VPN (# Ports/Sites)
Digital Leased Lines
Ethernet-VPN (#Ports/Sites)
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
The Next Horizon—Video
VIDEO ON DEMANDTV ON DEMAND / nPVR
BROADCAST TELEVISION VIDEO STREAMINGVIDEO PHONE /
VIDEO CONFERENCING
GAMING / INTERACTIVE TV
―Over the Top‖
Video Managed
Video Applications
Video Communications
Services
VIDEO TO OTHER DEVICES
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
The Goal: Service-Optimized Access & Aggregation
NGN Access &
Aggregation
networks move
from circuit-
based to
packetized
transportScalable Flexible Resilient Optimized
IP NGN Service Architecturefor operational and transport efficiency
Retail
Wholesale
Consumer
Business
Fixed
Mobile
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Architectural Evolution of the IP
NGN
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Hub & Spokeor Ring
Aggregation L3 Service
EdgeL3 Core
Business
Residential
RG
Mobile
CPE
DSL/PON
Ethernet
E1/ATM
Access
TDM
Corporate
Ethernet
Point-to-PointPoint-to-MPt
Multipoint
Mandatory
Legacy Services
ATMTDM
Optional
NGN Applications
Optimal IP MulticastEfficient VoD Delivery
Admission Control
Mandatory
NGN Design
Standards BasedCost Effective
Deterministic QoS Fast Svc Recovery
Mandatory
End-to-End OAMTight SLAs
Simple OperationsFast Provisioning
Mandatory
NGN Operations
Overall IPNGN Network Requirements
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
IPNGN Approaches Based on MPLS [1]
Physical
L3 Services
ATM
Common IP/MPLS control plane for L1, L2 and L3 Services
Optical Layer
IP/MPLS for L1 and L2 Services
Optical Layer
IP/MPLS for L3 Services
Integrated L1/L2/L3 Service ModelL3VPNs, VPWS and VPLS
L2 Service ModelVPWS and VPLS
Ethernet
Ethernet
Yesterday
SONET/SDH
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
802.1ad (Q-in-Q) Ethernet
MST /LAG/REP
IP or IP-VPN
EoMPLS 802.1ad IP or IP-VPN
EoMPLS
EoMPLS H-VPLS VPLS
EoMPLS
EoMPLS H-VPLS VPLS
EoMPLS 802.1ad IP or IP-VPN
IP or IP-VPN
L2 M
PL
S
Ag
gre
gati
on
S
erv
ice M
od
el
L2+
L3 M
PL
S
Ag
gre
gati
on
S
erv
ice M
od
el
Services
Residential: BTV/VoD, VoIP, HSI
Ethernet VPN: E-Line
Ethernet VPN: E-LAN/-Tree
IP and IP-VPN
Residential: BTV/VoD, VoIP, HSI
Ethernet VPN: E-Line
Ethernet VPN: E-LAN/-Tree
IP and IP-VPN
Core Edge Distribution Aggregation Access
IPNGN Approaches Based on MPLS [2]
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
VoD
Content Network
TV SIP
Core Network
IP / MPLS
VoD
Content Network
TV SIP
Aggregation NetworkMPLS/IP
Aggregation
DSL Access Node
Access Edge
Distribution Node
Distribution Node
AggregationNode
Ethernet Access Node
Aggregation Node
STP ETTX Access Rings
Business
Corporate
Ethernet Access NodeWiMAX
Residential
STB
Cell Site
Mobile SP
Business
Corporate
Business
Corporate
Cell Site
Mobile SP
Residential
STB
Residential
STB
Cell Site
Mobile SP
Cisco Converged IPNGN Architecture
Mobile Edge
Video and Voice• L3 edge distributed for efficient
multicast and resiliency• Virtualization options• Per service QoS
Business VPN• L2 EoMPLS backhaul• Per subscriber QoS• Central or distributed services
(L3 VPN, L2 VPN, VPLS)
High Speed Internet (HSI)• L2 EoMPLS Backhaul• Per subscriber QoS• Central L3 and services• PPPoE & DHCP
FTTX Aggregation• High density Fibre • Per Service QoS• Session awareness
RAN Backhaul• PWE3 or IP based• Per Service QoS• Distribution of Clock
PE
BNG
Mobile Edge• GGSN• PDN, MME, Serving GW• LTE/SAE Evolution
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Technology Alternatives
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
New Kids on the BlockEmerging and Revisited Ideas
1. 802.1ay Provider Backbone Bridging – Traffic Engineering (PBB-TE) / PBT
2. Transport MPLS (T-MPLS) – ITU G.8110
3. These are initiatives by „traditional” telecom vendors
4. Common characteristics are:
their goal is leveraging the installed base of SDH / L2 gear
force customers towards proprietary solutions
the rely on NMS / OSS systems ( no dynamic control plane in the network )
No multi service capabilities
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Provider Backbone Transport
1. In a sentence:
Basically using 802.1ah data-plane functionality with OSS/NMS provisioning in lieu of IEEE control protocols (MSTP, GVRP, etc.) to setup P2P VCs.
2. It Consists of the following three components:
Data-plane based on 802.1ah
OAM based on 802.1ag
A protection switching mechanism similar to MPLS TE Path Protection (protection path switching between two edge switches)
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
How Does It Work ?
BEB1
BCB BCB BCB BCB
BCB BCB
BEB2CE
CE
PrimarySA: BEB1DA: BEB2B-VLAN: 10
BackupSA: BEB1DA: BEB2B-VLAN: 20
BCB: Backbone core bridge BEB: Backbone Edge bridge
1.Use OSS to configure B-MACs and B-VLANs manually in the bridge along both primary and backup paths
2.Use CFM Continuity Check Messages to monitor the primary and the backup paths
3.Upon failure of the primary path, configure the edge switches (BEB1 & BEB2) to switch to the backup path
Network Provisioning and Management System
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Some Pending Questions Regarding PBT
1.What is the applicability?
2.Does it satisfy the requirements of a wide range of services?
3.If multipoint transport requires 802.1ah, what is the operational complexity of running PBB and PBT simultaneously?
4.What is the protection scalability? What are the target restoration times? For how many trunks?
5.What are the real benefits compared to other existing Ethernet transport alternatives?
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Client Virtual Circuit
T-MPLS ( which is ended up in MPLS-TP by IETF )
PE1Client Network
Client Network
EthernetFrame
AdaptationLayer
MPLSLSP
Stacks
AdaptationLayer
MPLSLSP
Stacks
EthernetFrame
T-MPLS between PEs
T-MPLS Primary LSP
T-MPLS Backup LSP
PE2CE1 CE2
Client Virtual Circuit
,
Adaptation layer on the PEs to enable transport of specific payload
Ethernet connection between CEs
Layer 1 Layer 1
Network Provisioning and Management System
T-MPLS network
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
T-MPLS
1.Connection oriented packet switched transport over an optical transport network
Architecture based on ITU-T G.805
2.Its main characteristics are:
Data plane: Ethernet (today), no load balancing, same EtherType as MPLS
OSS/NMS based model: Static assign label, no control plane
OAM : Complete framework need to be review by IETF and ITU-T
Protection switching and Survivability based on ITU-T Y.1720/G.8131 (end-end protection) and Y.mrps (ring protection switching)
3.No or difficult interworking with MPLS Suite
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Client Virtual Circuit
IETF MPLS transport draft
PE1
Network Network
ACFrame
AdaptationLayer
MPLSLSP
Stacks
AdaptationLayer
MPLSLSP
Stacks
ACFrame
PW between PEs
pseudowire LSPPE2CE1 CE2
Client Virtual Circuit
,
Adaptation layer on the PEs to enable transport of specific payload
Ethernet, IP, MPLS, ATM, FR, Ciscuit Emulation connection between CEs
Layer 1 Layer 1
Service Provisioning and Management System
IETF based MPLS
(GMPLS)
Local & end-end protected LSP
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
IETF MPLS transport draft
1.Connection oriented packet switched transport over an optical transport network
IETF draft-bryant-pwe3-mpls-transport
Based on ITU requirements and IETF pseudowire definitions
2.Its main characteristics are:
Data plane: Multi-protocol, load balancing in option.
Integrated or OSS/NMS based model:
External/Static configuration
Dynamic control plane (GMPLS, MPLS TE, …)
OAM : Two VCCV profiles
BFD without IP/UDP headers
BFD with IP/UDP headers
Protection:
Local and End-to-end repair
proactive repair
3.Interworking with MPLS protocol suite
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
1.NMS based Control Plane
2.Long term support integrated control plane?
PBT and T-MPLS G-MPLS
G-MPLS – Link state Protocol, RSVP etc
3.Single Service Control Plane
Pt2Pt Only
1.Integrated Control Plane
2.Multi-service Control Plane
L1, L2, L3
Pt2Pt, Multipoint
Control Plane Comparison
PBT and T-MPLS IP/MPLS
Network Management System Control Plane for PT2PT Services
Network Management System
Edge Forwarding Tables
Forwarding Tables
Forwarding Tables
Edge Edge Forwarding Tables
Forwarding Tables
Forwarding Tables
Edge
IP/MPLS Control Plane
IP/MPLS Control Plane
IP/MPLS Control Plane
PBT / T-MPLS : Simply moves complexity to the Network Management layer ( and leads into disaster if NMS fails... )
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Carrier Ethernet Technologies Forwarding Plane Comparison
1. IP/MPLS
Customer packet encapsulated in an MPLS label stack
Forwarding based on a label switch
2. PBT / PBB-TE
Customer packet encapsulated in 802.1ah
Forwarding with modified Ethernet switching
3. VLAN-XC
Customer packet encapsulated in 802.1ad dot1q or QinQ
Forwarding with VLAN tag Swapping
4. T-MPLS (now aligned with IETF!)
Customer packet encapsulated in MPLS label
Forwarding based on a label switch
Forwarding Tables
Forwarding Tables
Forwarding Tables
Edge Functions
Edge Functions
Strong Similarities, Hence Associated Costs Should Be Similar (Assuming Edge Functionality Is Similar!)
Service Instance mapping functions (VLAN acrobatics)
Security/anti-spoofing functions
QoS/Shaping/Scheduling functions (often hierarchical)
Provisioning/Policy Enforcement functions
25
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
CE Aggregation Reloaded – Recent
Additions
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Aggregation/Edge CoreAccess
Carrier EthernetNode
IP/MPLSDSL, WiMAX, Ethernet
Access Domain
Carrier EthernetNode
IP/MPLS
Retail Residential Services ArchitectureDistributed Edge
Access Node UNI and connectivity models:
• Trunk (Multi VC) UNI, N:1 Service VLAN
• Trunk (Multi VC) UNI, 1:1 Internet Access VLAN
These models are the baseline in TR-101 and
present in existing Access Nodes implementations
IP ModelIPTV-mcast
N:1, 1:1 VLAN models
Internet, VoIP, VoD, Mobile Backhaul, PSTN migration
N:1 VLAN model
IP service subnets
IP/MPLS NNI
IP-VPN, VPNv6
(incl. half-duplex)
IP/MPLS NNIService
PIM / BGP / IGP / LSM control plane
IPmc / mVPN / LSM data plane
27
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Retail Residential Services ArchitectureCentralized Edge with L2 MPLS Backhaul
Access Node UNI and connectivity models:
• Trunk (Multi VC) UNI, N:1 Service VLAN
• Trunk (Multi VC) UNI, 1:1 Internet Access VLAN
These models are the baseline in TR-101 and
present in existing Access Nodes implementations
Aggregation Edge CoreAccess
Aggregation Node
PPP, IP, MPLS MPLSMPLS / IPDSL, WiMAX, Ethernet
IPTV-mcast
N:1, 1:1 VLAN modelsEoMPLS Pseudowire
HSI, VoIP, VOD
Access Node
N:1 VLAN model
BNG
Distribution Node
VPWS PW
HSI / IP service subnet
Single PW per Aggregation Node
MPLS NNI
Ethernet I-NNI
VPLS PW
VPLS PW
VPLS with IGMP Snooping
Ethernet I-NNI
Service
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Port, 1:1 VLAN
Aggregation Edge CoreAccess
Aggregation Node
IP, MPLS MPLSMPLS / IPDSL, WiMAX, Ethernet
Access Node
MSE
Distribution Node
MPLS NNI
Centralized
Business
IP-VPN
EoMPLS PW
Service
Ethernet
QinQ
Port, 1:1 VLAN
Ethernet
QinQ
Ethernet
QinQ
L3 Business Services ArchitectureCentralized and Distributed
IP-VPN, VPNv6, mVPN
IP-VPN, VPNv6, mVPN
Ethernet I-NNI
Distributed
Business
IP-VPN
MPLS-VPN
MPLS-VPN
IP/MPLS NNI
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Port, 1:1 VLAN
Port, 1:1 VLAN
Aggregation/Edge CoreAccess
Carrier EthernetNode
IP/MPLSDSL, WiMAX, Ethernet
Access Domain
Carrier EthernetNode
IP/MPLS
Port, 1:1 VLAN
VPLS PW
VPLS PW
Business
E-LINE
Business
E-LAN H-VPLS MPLS NNI
MPLS NNI
Service
VPLS PW
VPLS PWVPLS MPLS NNI
Port, 1:1 VLANMPLS NNIS
L2 Business Services ArchitectureE-LAN and E-Line
30
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Port, 1:1 VLAN
Aggregation/Edge CoreAccess
Carrier EthernetNode
IP/MPLSDSL, WiMAX, Ethernet
Access Domain
Carrier EthernetNode
IP/MPLS
Port, 1:1 VLANL2 Wholesale
L3 Wholesale
IP/MPLS NNI
Service
Port, 1:1 VLANIP/MPLS NNIS
Wholesale Services ArchitectureL3 and L2 Models
IP-VPN, VPNv6,mVPN
IP/MPLS NNI
31
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
1. Flexible Ethernet UNI with Cisco EVC
2. Quality of Service and Admission Control
3. Unicast and Multicast Video Delivery
Carrier Ethernet – Foundation Technologies
32
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Adaptable Ethernet UNI
1. Support all Ethernet Encapsulations
802.1Q, 802.1ad, Q-in-Q, 802.1ah
2. Flexible VLAN tag manipulation and translation
3. Flexible frame to service mapping
4. Multiple services on the same port (multiplexed UNI)
5. Local VLAN significance (per-port)
Flexible Ethernet Edge Requirements
Service functions
1. In/out H-QoS
2. Security
3. High Availability
4. OAM and SLA monitoring
5. Flexible connectivity models
6. Service instance scalability
7. Standards based
L2 Pt-to-Pt nativeL2 Pt-to-Pt over PWL2 MPt native bridgingL2 MtP VPLSL3 routed
UntaggedSingle taggedDouble tagged802.1q802.1adetc
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Cisco’s Approach to the Ethernet UNIEthernet Virtual Connection
Flexible VLAN
tagmatching
Flexible VLANtag
rewrite
L3
EoMPLS
VPLS
Local connect (P2P)
Local Bridging (MP)
SecurityH-QoS
perVLAN
One service instance can match one
or multiple or range of VLANs at a
time
Flexible L2/L3 service mapping, one
or groups of EFPs can map to the
same EVC
Per service features
• Flexible VLAN tag manipulation,
pop/push/translate
• Simple configuration
• VLAN local port significance
• Two VLAN tag aware
• Flexible VLAN tag matching
(combination of up to two tags)
• 802.1ah (future)
Service Instance
EVC
(Ethernet Virtual Connection)
34
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
EFP – Ethernet Flow Point
EVC – Ethernet Virtual Circuit
VPLS
EoMPLS PW
EoMPLS PW
EoMPLS PW
L3 subI/F
EFPs:VLAN
(802.1q/802.1ad)
X
VLANxlate
1:1, 2:21:2
Multipoint EVC
P2P EVC
P2P EVC
Multipoint EVC
Bridging
Bridging
Routing
EFPs: VLAN (802.1q/QinQ)
Cisco EVC InfrastructureOverview
EVC infrastructure
Provides most flexible classification of L2 flows on Ethernet interfaces
Supports dot1q and Q-in-Q, 802.1ad
Supports VLAN list, ranges & combinations
Coexists with routed subinterfaces
Flexible VLAN acrobatics (translate, pop, push)
Full H-QOS support
35
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Access Edge
BRAS
SR/PE
DPI
Core Network
MPLS /IP
Content Farm
VOD TV SIP
DSLResidential
STB
Content Farm
VOD TV SIP
Mobile
ETTx
PON
MSPP
Cable
Business
Corporate
Residential
STB
Aggregation
L2 Pt-to-Pt nativeL2 Pt-to-Pt over PWL2 MPt native bridgingL2 MPt VPLSL3 routed
UntaggedSingle taggedDouble tagged802.1q802.1adetc
Flexible Ethernet Edge Applied
37
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
1. Flexible UNI with Cisco EVC
2. Quality of Service and Admission Control
3. Unicast and Multicast Video Delivery
Carrier Ethernet – Foundation Technologies
38
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
End-to-End QoS Requirements
1. Ensure deterministic network response to guarantee per class QoS SLAs
Min and Max Bandwidth, Latency, Jitter
Per class guarantees including under congestion
2. Simple and scalable engineering
Rely on
granular QoS conditioning at the edge and
aggregate DiffServ in transit nodes
3. Streamlined operations
Per class OAM-based measurements of SLA parameters
Scalable monitoring and reporting
39
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Ensuring QoS SLAs
CE-A CE-B
Ethernet Virtual Circuit (EVC) –Point-to-Point
Ethernet Virtual Circuit
(EVC) –Multipoint
EVC - An association of two or more UNIs
- Connection between two or more devices
MPLS Transport
UNI
Ingress and Egress
maximum/minimum bandwidth
Ingress hierarchical shaping/scheduling
(e.g. Port, S-VLAN, C-VLAN, Class)
ingress hierarchical policing
Ingress and Egress DiffServqueuing per shaped max Bw
4 priority levels
2 strict priorities
3 parameter scheduler (max, min,
remaining)
Service grouping for shared policies
Classification on customer or provider marking
Traffic stats per VLAN interface and per QoS class
NNI/Metro-Core
• DiffServ queuing
• 4 priority levels
• 2 strict priorities
• 8 classes
Change priority levels to scheduling levels
Change to:-Aggregate queuing
40
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
UNI SLA QOS Enforcement
1.Symmetric (ingress/egress) enforcement of max / min bandwidth and DiffServ behaviour per customer (VLAN)
2.Hierarchical scheduling & shaping
3.Dual Priority Queue for Voice and Video
4.Scalable (thousands of customers/VLANs)
VLAN
102
PQ2
BW
PQ1 VoIP – Bearer + Control
Telepresence
Internet – Best Effort
PQ2
BW
PQ1VoIP – Bearer + Control
Telepresence
Internet – Best Effort
41
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Subscriber Level
Port
PQ2
Port Level
BW
Linecards with Scalable H-QoS 3-Level Hierarchy Example
BW
PQ1
Class Level
EV
C1
EV
C 2
Cu
sto
me
r -e
gre
ss
VoIP – Bearer + Control
Telepresence
Internet – Best Effort
EV
C1
EV
C 2
Cu
sto
me
r -in
gre
ss
VoIP – Bearer + Control
Business Critical
Internet – Best Effort
VoIP – Bearer + Control
Telepresence
Internet – Best Effort
PQ1
BW
Subscriber Level
Class Level
BW
BW
BW
PQ2
PQ1
PQ1
Business Critical
Internet – Best Effort
VoIP – Bearer + Control
42
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Cisco’s Integrated Video CAC
1. Integrated Video CAC approach combines two methods
On-path RSVP-CAC
Topology aware, handles dynamic topology changes
DSCP based implementation eliminates scale challenges experienced with Intserv
Proven scale – tested to 50-100.000 sessions with 500 set ups per second
Layer 3 required at PE-AGG to implement path-based CAC
Off-path CAC based on Policy Server for DSL line congestion
2. VOD stream will be denied if business rules of either fail
3. Prioritize blocking of Free VOD vs. Pay VOD in network failure scenarios
Core
VoD ServersMPLS
PE
BRAS
PE-AGG
PolicyServer
N-PE
RSVP-CAC
VOD Request
Deny or Admit
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
1
DSLAM
6
L3
L3
L3
L3
L3
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
1. Flexible UNI with Cisco EVC
2. Quality of Service and Admission Control
3. Unicast and Multicast Video Delivery
Carrier Ethernet – Foundation Technologies
44
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
VoD & Interactive TV
Video Delivery Requirements
1.Transport and Bandwidth Efficiency
– Bandwidth scale - N x GE / 10GE -> N x 100GE
– Optimal multicast distribution trees for available topology, incl. failure conditions
– Load balancing for multicast and unicast Video
– Admission control for multicast and unicast Video
2.Resiliency
– Network level resiliency
– System level resiliency
– Video service level resiliency
3.(User) Quality of Experience
– Service and user level QoS
– Video monitoring
– Video delivery management
Hi-Def & DVR IPTV
45
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Cisco IP/MPLS Solution – Benefits [1]
1.Optimal and Scalable Forwarding
– PIM SSM optimal multicast distribution tree for all topologies and failure conditions
– Dynamic Load Balancing on equal cost paths
– Optimized ARP and IGMP tables scale through distribution
– Flexible content injection, including localized content
– Distributed L3 for network nodes and subscribers scalability in any topology
– Allows for on-path Video Admission Control
2.Resiliency
– Consistent IGP and PIM Fast Convergence in all failure cases: Source-, Node-, Link - Failures.
– Anycast-Source model for Video Source redundancy
– Fast ReRoute options also available: TE-FRR and MoFRR
– PIM SSM Security & Address-Space Efficiency - Proven architecture in many large 3Play production networks today
L3IP Mcast
L3-CoreIP Mcast
L3IP Mcast
L3-CoreIP Mcast
L3IP Mcast
L3-CoreIP Mcast
IP: 1.1.1.1
IP: 1.1.1.1
Optimal replication
Load-BalancingEfficient use of access bandwidth
Any-Cast Sources
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
1.Simplified Operations
– Standard PIM/IGMP setup, no snooping necessary in aggregation network – snooping contained in DSLAM
– Seamless integration with IP/MPLS core
– Stateful, fully traceable multicast distribution tree – easy to operate and troubleshoot
– Single Point of L3 termination for IPTV (no VRRP required)
2.Compatibility with all Video distribution architectures
– Easy to add / distribute advanced Video service functions, incl. Video error repair, rapid channel change, targeted advertisement insertion and monitoring
– Simple integration of Video monitoring and management functions
– Flexible placement of Video streaming functions
L3IP Mcast
L3-CoreIP Mcast
L3IP Mcast
L3-CoreIP Mcast
Stateful MDT
Advanced Video Functions
Cisco IP/MPLS Solution – Benefits [2]
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Video optimised Diffserv Schedulers
1. Cisco leads the industry in the development and support of multi-priority schedulers implementations
2. Enables differentiation between premium services, requiring bounded delays
B
R
Policer
RED
Scheduler
Strictpriority queue
Bandwidth queue
Bandwidth queue
Classifier Per-class policy
RED
Tail Drop
B
R
PolicerClassifier
EF #1
Tail Drop
AF #1
EF #2
AF #n
Strictpriority queue
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Regional Network Backbone Headend
DCM
DNCS
CO Regional
Headend
VOD
DCM
DNCS
CO
Quality of Subscriber ExperienceVideo Quality Monitoring*
Poor: Poor: Good: Good:
ProblemDetected!
Video quality problem detected & Reported to Video Mgmt System
Compute Video Quality at each system between receiver and source
Troubleshoot location where Quality first degrades
Correct the problem and restore video quality
Good: Good:
ProblemSolved!
Problem
Isolated
* Some functions subject to future availability.Please check for platform specific support.
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Video SLA RequirementsManaging Loss
1. A number of technological approaches to achieve required SLA
Network approaches to reduce loss: fast convergence, fast reroute
Application approaches to recover from loss experienced: FEC, Temporal Redundancy, Spatial Redundancy
Network approaches for engineering spatial redundancy: MoFRR, MTR, MPLS TE
2. Number of network deployment models to support each approach
3. Application level approaches may also impose requirements on the network
4. Different combinations of models and approaches have different pros / cons and cost vs. complexity trade-offs
Loss(Impairments/Time)
Co
st a
nd
Co
mp
lex
ity
Re-engineeringRequired
Pote
ntial O
ver-
Engin
eering Viable-
Engineering
Number of possible approaches, or combinations of approaches.
Range of viable engineering options may vary by type of video distribution, service or content
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Fast Convergence - MPEG Video ExampleReal vs. Perceived Requirements
1. <1 or 2 seconds: humans do not bother
2. <200msec: humans do not notice
3. <50msec: humans have a perception of being better off
Requirements often dictate complexity of the design
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MPLS TE FRRMTR + SR
Towards Lossless IPTV TransportPossible Deployment Scenarios
What are relative positions of these technologiesin the loss vs. cost/complexity matrix?
Increasing Cost
and Complexity
Increasing
Loss
?
FastConvergence
MoFRRMPLS TE + SR
FastConvergence +
FEC or TR
MPLS TE FRR+ FEC or TR
MoFRR + SR
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Multicast (PIM SSM) Fast ConvergenceConvergence Time for All Channels Following a Network Failure
0 200 400 600 800 1000
400
800
4000
Nu
mb
er
of
IPT
V C
han
nels
Reconvergence (ms)
Max of Max
Median of Median
No more than one I-frame loss even in the worst case
Tested with 2500 IGP prefixes and 250k BGP routesImpact of multicast convergence on unicast convergence is negligible
Developments with IP optical integration can further reduce the outage to sub 20ms in many cases (lossless in some cases)
Prefix prioritisation allows important groups (e.g. premium channels) to converge first
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Multicast only Fast Reroute (MoFRR)How It Works – Key Concepts
Automated Diverse Routing: deliver two disjoint
branches of the same IPTV PIM SSM tree to
the same PE
Target <50msec: the PE locally switches to the
backup branch upon detecting a failure on the
primary branch
IPTV Inter-packet Gap is 0(1msec). Upon not
receiving any packet from the primary branch for
50msec, switch-over to the backup feed.
Initial implementation based on IGP FC trigger –
targeting O(100msec) recovery
Hitless: the PE uses the two branches to repair
losses and present lossless data to its IGMP
neighbors
Leverage RTP sequences to repair losses
Simple approach: from a design, deployment
and operations perspective
Source
Receiver
= IGMP Join
= PIM Join
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MoFRR in Two-Plane Network DesignEngineering and Operational Benefits
1. MoFRR needs to be deployed only on PEs
2. No additional capacity demand
3. Path diversity is a native property of the design – no need for explicit routing techniques
4. Relies on standard-based IP multicast routing – leverage the operational experience
IPTV source
Pop1
Pop2PopN
Operational Simplicity a Fundamental Property of the Solution
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Towards Lossless IPTV TransportDeployment Scenarios
MTR + Live / Live
Lossless
Increasing Cost
and Complexity
1 GOP Impacted
No
ne
two
rkR
e-e
ng
ine
eri
ng
Ne
two
rkR
e-e
ng
ine
eri
ng
Increasing
LossMoFRR +
Live / Live
FastConvergence
MPLS TE FRR
MoFRR
TE + Live / Live
Recommended approachwhere some loss is tolerable and topology doesnot support MoFRR• Lowest bandwidth used in
working and failure cases• Lowest solution cost and
complexity• Constrained impact of
network failures on video
MPLS TE FRR+ FEC or TR
FastConvergence +
FEC or TR
Recommended where lossless approach isrequired and topology supports path diversity with MoFRR• Lowest bandwidth used
in failure cases• Low solution cost and
complexity• Does not apply to all
topologies
Options where a lossless solution is required and the topology does not support path diversity with MoFRR
Option where multicast is delivered over L2/VPLS pseudowires over TE LSPs. Also applicable to LSM deployments. More complex to operate vs. MoFRR, bandwidth inefficiencies in failure cases.
Recommended approachwhere some loss is tolerable and topology supports MoFRR• Lowest bandwidth used in
working and failure cases• Lowest solution cost and
complexity• Constrained impact of
network failures on video
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IP NGN Product Update
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Cisco IP NGN Infrastructure in FY ’09
Carrier Ethernet Aggregation
Access
DSL
Cable
Wireless
CEAccess
IP / MPLS Core
CRS-1
ME3400E
SP Data Center
IP / MPLS Edge
CRS-1Nexus 7000(DC Switch)
10000(BRAS)
12000(MPLS PE)
ASR 1000 (BNG)
C7600/ASR9000
C7600 with
ES+ linecards
ME4500 withEVC & MPLSsupport
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Cisco 7600: functional enhancementsNetwork and Node Resiliency
Dual Homed Access
MPLS Access
Ring Access
Access Resiliency Mechanisms
EoMPLS PW Redundancy
Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP)
Spanning Tree (MST, PVRSTP)
Single and Multi-Chassis (SRE) 802.3ad (mLACP)
Cisco 7600
MPLS/IP Core Node Resiliency Mechanisms
Protocol Inclusive NSF/SSO
EFSU/ISSU
Fully Redundant Commons
Core Resiliency Mechanisms
2-way PW Redundancy (SRE)
MPLS TE/FRR
Hot Standby PW (SRE)
MAC withdrawal for VPLS
Static MAC for EVC
Single and Multi-Chassis (SRE) 802.3ad (mLACP)
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Cisco 7600: ES+ Linecard Architecture
1. 40 Gbps throughput with features enabled
2. Better QoS capabilities ( MQC, 128K queues, 4 hierarchies )
3. Feature Richness via Network Processors
IEEE 802.1 ah PBB, BEB functionality – over VPLS
Video Monitoring by hw.
Distributed Single Edge BRAS solution ( ISG )
4. Different hardware flavours
5. IPoDWDM
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DWDM
G.709/FEC
76007600
CRS
Transponder Integrated into 7600
IPoDWDM 40G with Ethernet Services:
• 4x10GE and 2x10GE based on ES+40
• G.709/FEC/OAM Capability
• DFC Version – 3CXL
• Supported on all existing 7600 chassis
• XFP Pluggable DWDM Optics
ROADM7600
Cisco 7600: DWDM SolutionIPoDWDM linecard with pluggable optics
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Cisco IP NGN Infrastructure in FY ’09
Carrier Ethernet Aggregation
Access
DSL
Cable
Wireless
CEAccess
IP / MPLS Core
CRS-1
ME3400E
SP Data Center
IP / MPLS Edge
CRS-1Nexus 7000(DC Switch)
10000(BRAS)
12000(MPLS PE)
ASR 1000 (BNG)
C7600/ASR9000
C7600 with
ES+ linecards
ME4500 withEVC & MPLSsupport
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ASR 1000 Overview1. Next-generation of Midrange router family
2RU / 4RU / 6RU chassis
5 / 10 / 20+ Gbps forwarding with services
Simple scale: 10-20-(40G) just by changing FP [5G-10G in 2RU]
Dual AC or DC power supplies
2. Differentiators
Designed for High Availability
HW redundancy for 6RU (RP and FP) with ISSU
SW redundancy for 2RU/4RU: In-service software upgrade, even with one RP
State of the art H-QoS (3 level, 128K+ queues)
Integrated services (no service blades), software-licensed based features (SBC, FW, NBAR, etc.)
Powerful control plane in RP –Route Reflector apps
3. Simple Migration
SPA support – same interfaces as 7600/12K/CRS-1
IOS features, CLI – simple migration from existing 7200 deployments
ASR 1004 4RU / 8 SPA slots
ASR 1002 2RU / 3 SPA slots
ASR 1006 6RU / 12 SPA slots
Initial target applications:Broadband (IPTV, Triple Play)IPSec TerminationHigh-speed CPE/Managed SvcsBGP Route Reflector
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Investment ProtectionASR 1000 Scale
ASR 1004
Chassis
Control
Plane
Data +
Service
Plane
ASR 1006
Sh
are
d P
ort
Ad
ap
ters
Inte
rfa
ce
Fle
xib
ilit
y
ASR 1002
RP-1
RP-2
2H08
5G 10G 40G+
Future
RP-n
Future
20G
2H08
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ASR 1000 in Service Provider IP Next Generation Networks
Edge
Corporate
HGW
Residence
Business
Mobile Subscriber
CPERR
ISP
• High Speed CPE • BRAS-PPPoE• LAC, PTA, ISG• IPSec Aggregator• VoIP SBC• PE (L3VPN PE)
• LNS• Route Reflector• Internet Peering
VOD TV SIP
Content Farm
BNG, SBC, FWIPSec, DPI
QFP
Access & Aggregation
OLT
xPON
xDSL
DSLAM
Wireless
Wireline
WiMAX
CableDOCSIS
LNS
IP/MPLS CoreA
LNS
Peering
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Cisco IP NGN Infrastructure in FY ’09
Carrier Ethernet Aggregation
Access
DSL
Cable
Wireless
CEAccess
IP / MPLS Core
CRS-1
ME3400E
SP Data Center
IP / MPLS Edge
CRS-1Nexus 7000(DC Switch)
10000(BRAS)
12000(MPLS PE)
ASR 1000 (BNG)
C7600/ASR9000
C7600 with
ES+ linecards
C4500 withEVC & MPLSsupport
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ASR9K At a Glance
1. Optimized for Aggregation
of Dense 10GE and
100GE
2. Designed for Longevity:
Scalable up to 400 Gbps
of Bandwidth per Slot
3. Based on IOS-XR & ANA
for Nonstop Availability
and Manageability
4. Enables Convergence
with Integrated Layer 3
Services Intelligence
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2009
80 Gbps
ASR9K System Overview
Based on IOS-XR
Managed by ANA 4.1
FCS in Q3 FY ’09
Linecards per Chassis
Bandwidth per Slot
Bandwidth per Chassis
Linecard Density
8 LC + 2 RSP 4 LC + 2 RSP
180 Gbps 180 Gbps
2.8 Terabits 1.4 Terabits
10 slots 6 slots
40 Gbps 40 Gbps80 Gbps 80 Gbps
6.4 Terabits 3.2 Terabits
400 Gbps 400 Gbps
200 Gbps 200 Gbps
14 slots
12 LC + 2 RSP
400 Gbps
9.6 Terabits
200 Gbps
2010
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MAC
FIC
NPU
NPU
NPU
NPUMAC
MAC
FIC
NPU
NPUMAC
MAC
FIC
NPU
NPU
NPU
NPUMAC
ASR9K System ArchitectureDistributed Basics of the Architecture
Forwarding PlaneEight Line Cards (Independent Forwarding)
Highly programmable NPU LC Architecture, with Dual Core CPU
4 NPU’s per LC for line-rate 40G
Robust Queuing w/256K Q’s per LC
Non-blocking memory-less fabric
1:1 Redundancy
Service Intelligence with hi/lo priority uni-cast/multicast recognition & VoQ’s
Integrated IOS-XR Control-plane & Switching Fabric
Redundant Route Switch Processors(RSP)
FIC
CPU BITS/DTI
RSP(s)
Line Card (40G)
FIC
CPU BITS/DTI
Line Card (20G)
MAC
FIC
NPU
NPU
NPU
NPUMAC
CPU
CPU
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IOS-XR Powers the Edge with ASR9KA Fully Distributed, Microkernel-Based Architecture
Designed for Scale, HA, and PerformanceFor IP NGN Applications
Next Generation Architecture
Modular Components Applications Architecture
IS-IS
QoS
Distributed Middleware
BGP
Multicast
OAM
VLAN
MAC
Subs
OAM
VLAN
MAC
Subs
OAM
VLAN
MAC
Subs
LC1
Distributed Service Separation
LC2 LCn
MPLS Multicast
RIP BGP
OSPF ISIS
Manageability
Security
Forwarding
Base
Admin
Line Card
HostComposite
RoutingComposite
1. Microkernel-based design
2. Highly modular, highly extensible
3. ‘Service-enabled’ blade architecture
1. Scale through distribution
2. Unique address tables per linecard
3. Process-level, stateful subscriber HA
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Q&A
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