Present Preterit Imperfect Perfect tenses Progressive tenses Future Conditional

• Present• Preterit• Imperfect• Perfect tenses• Progressive tenses• Future• Conditional

She walkscamina

He singscanta

I thinkpiensoWe runcorremos

They govan

You eatcomes

The present tense is formed as follows:

hablar comer vivir yo habl com viv

tú habl com viv

él habl com viv

nosotros habl com viv

ellos habl com viv

o

as

a

amosan

o

es

e

emosen

o

es

e

imosen

There are many irregular “yo” forms in the present tense. Some are:

tener: venir: salir: hacer: traer: caer: dar: estar: saber: poner: decir: oír:

tengo vengosalgo hagotraigo caigodoy estoysé pongo

digo oigo

Can you think of any others?

She eats apples

Ella come manzanas

We live in Chicago. Nosotros vivimos en Chicago

She walkedcaminó

He sangcantó

I suddenly thought

penséWe rancorrimos

They wentfueron

You atecomiste

The preterit tense is formed as follows:

hablar comer vivir yo habl com viv

tú habl com viv

él habl com viv

nosotros habl com viv

ellos habl com viv

é

aste

ó

amosaron

í

iste

ió

imosieron

í

iste

ió

imosieron

There are numerous irregulars in the preterit. There is a pattern to some, though. Note the following endings:

yo e nosotros imos tú iste él o ellos ieron

They work with the following verbs:poder traer decir ponerestar tener saber querer hacer venir andar

Do you remember the stems that these verbs change to before adding the endings?

pud- traj- dij- pus- estuv- tuv- sup- quis- hic- vin- anduv-

Two exceptions are “traj” and “dij” in which you add “eron” instead of “ieron” in the “ellos” form.

Other irregulars in preterit include:

SER/IR DAR

HABER

fui fuimos fuiste fue fueron

di dimos diste dio dieron

hubo

Don’t forget in third person, some verbs stem change, ie; murió, durmieron, pidió, sirvieron, etc.

She ate apples

Ella comió manzanas

We lived in Chicago.

Nosotros vivimos en Chicago

She used to walk

caminaba

He would singcantaba

I thoughtpensabaWe used to run

corríamos

They were goingiban

You always atecomías

The imperfect tense is formed as follows:

hablar comer vivir yo habl com viv

tú habl com viv

él habl com viv

nosotros habl com viv

ellos habl com viv

aba

abasaba

ábamosaban

ía

ías

ía

íamos

ían

ía

ías

ía

íamos

ían

There are only 3 irregulars in the imperfect:

IR => SER =>

VER =>

iba era

veía

*Imperfect generally indicates action that was going on over a period of time. It also sets the scene and describes. In English it can translate to : ”used to” and “was doing.”

She used to eat apples.

Ella comía manzanas

We used to live in Chicago. Nosotros vivíamos en Chicago.

She has walkedha caminado

He had sunghabía cantado

I have thoughthe pensadoWe have runhemos corrido

They had gonehabían ido

You had eatenhabías comido

The perfect tenses are made up of two parts: “haber” and the “past participle.” The forms of “haber” are:

yo tú él nosotros

ellos

Present Past (imp.)h

ehabía

hashahemoshan

habíashabíahabíamoshabían

The participle is formed as follows: -ar verbs= -ado -er, -ir verbs= -ido However, there are some irregulars:

decir-> hacer-> poner-> abrir->

escribir-> volver-> romper->ver-> cubrir->morir->

dicho

*any verb ending with the same as above will share the irregular ending, ie: imponer= impuesto

puestoescritoroto

cubierto

hechoabiertovuelto

vistomuerto

Present perfect means:“has or have done some- thing”

For example: he comido = has escrito = hemos ido =

I have eatenYou have writtenWe have gone

She has eaten apples.Ella ha comido manzanas.

We had lived in Chicago.

Nosotros habíamos vivido en Chicago.

She is walkingEstá caminando

He was running

Estaba corriendo

We are eatingEstamos comiendo I was thinkingEstaba

pensando

They are waitingEstaban esperando

The progressive tenses are made of two things: “estar” and the “present participle”

estar present participle present: -ar => preterit: -er => imperfect: -ir =>

estáestuvo

estaba

-ando-iendo-iendo

They only irregular (que yo sepa) is IR which goes to “yendo.”

She is eating apples. (right now)

Ella está comiendo manzanas.We were living in Chicago. Nosotros estábamos viviendo en Chicago.

She will walkCaminará He will runCorrerá

We will eatComeremosI will thinkPensaré

They will waitEsperarán

CantarásYou will sing

The future tense is formed as follows:

hablar comer vivir yo hablar comer vivir

tú hablar comer vivir

él hablar comer vivir

nosotros hablar comer vivir

ellos hablar comer vivir

ás

á

emosán

é

ás

á

emosán

é

ás

á

emos

é

án

Some irregulars in the future are:querer-> hacer-> decir-> poder-> poner->

salir-> tener-> haber-> venir->

querr- saldr-

The normal endings are added to the stems above instead of the infinitive.

tendr-habr-vendr-

har-dir-podr-pondr-

She will eat apples.

Ella comerá manzanas.

We will live in Chicago.

Nosotros viviremos en Chicago.

She would walkCaminaría He would runCorrería

We would eatComeríamosI would thinkPensaría

They would waitEsperarían

CantaríasYou would sing

The conditional tense is formed as follows:

hablar comer vivir yo hablar comer vivir

tú hablar comer vivir

él hablar comer vivir

nosotros hablar comer vivir

ellos hablar comer vivir

ías

ía

íamosían

ía

ías

ía

íamosían

ía

ías

ía

íamos

ía

ían

The conditional shares the irregular stems of the future tense.

querr-

vendr-dir-har-habr-saldr-pondr-podr-tendr-

She would eat apples.

Ella comería manzanas.

We would live in Chicago.

Nosotros viviríamos en Chicago.

I will go to the park.

We have seen the light.

You wrote a letter yesterday.

Alex used to visit often.

You all would buy a car, but…

Iré al parque. or Voy al parque.

Hemos visto la luz.

Escribiste una carta ayer.

Alex visitaba a menudo.

Uds. comprarían un coche, pero...

Katie & Sylvia are eating in class.

Sara has been singing in the car.

You will want a bite (mordisco).

Matt would have seen the accident if… Lauren will have been running for 10 miles (millas).

Katie & Sylvia están comiendo en clase or comen en clase.

Sara ha estado cantando en el coche.Querrás un mordisco.

Matt habría visto el accidente si...

Lauren habrá estado corriendo por 10 millas.