Prepositions. Prepositions are words that show the relationship between other words

PrepositionsPrepositions

Prepositions are words that Prepositions are words that show the relationship between show the relationship between

other words.other words.

inin fromfrom belowbelowatat intointo nearnearbyby overover underunderforfor acrossacross afterafterofof throughthrough beforebeforetoto towardtoward above above withwith uponupon duringduringaboutabout offoff onon

Prepositions of timePrepositions of time

At, in, for, before, during, At, in, for, before, during, after, untilafter, until

Using Using at, in, onat, in, on

at: at: specific time of the dayspecific time of the dayat midnight, at 5:00 PMat midnight, at 5:00 PM

at six o’clock, at lunch, at dinnerat six o’clock, at lunch, at dinnerat: at: an address, a specific an address, a specific

building building or participation in some eventor participation in some eventat the local library, at a movie at the local library, at a movie theater, at the doctor’s office, theater, at the doctor’s office,

at BCCat BCC

Use Use AtAt after verbs that indicate after verbs that indicate being or remaining in one place being or remaining in one place and not moving from one place and not moving from one place

to anotherto another

Usually he Usually he stays atstays at work. He work. He sits atsits at his desk and his desk and looks atlooks at his his

inventions.inventions.

InIn: general times or period of : general times or period of timestimes

in February, in 1972in February, in 1972in the afternoon, in the summerin the afternoon, in the summer

in the meantimein the meantimein these yearsin these years

InIn: location inside an enclosed : location inside an enclosed area or an area with specific area or an area with specific

boundariesboundariesin the yard, in my car, in a in the yard, in my car, in a

bookstore, in the pool, in an bookstore, in the pool, in an envelope, in a boxenvelope, in a box

OnOn: specific days and dates, : specific days and dates, holidaysholidays

on Saturdayon Saturdayon June 19on June 19

on Thanksgiving Dayon Thanksgiving Dayon my birthdayon my birthday

On:On: “one object supported by “one object supported by another object with some another object with some

surface of both objects touching surface of both objects touching each other”each other”

on that table, on the road, on on that table, on the road, on her finger, on your face, on the her finger, on your face, on the

roof,roof,

AtAt InIn OnOnat workat work in the officein the office on the jobon the jobat the gameat the game in the crowdin the crowd on the fieldon the fieldat the zooat the zoo in the parkin the park on the iceon the iceat 2:00 PMat 2:00 PM in Aprilin April on on TuesdayTuesdayat 9:00 o’clockat 9:00 o’clock in Octoberin October on July on July 1212thth

at midnightat midnight in 1968in 1968 on May 4, on May 4, 20032003at nightat night in bedin bed on a mattresson a mattress

More expressions with More expressions with in, on, atin, on, at

In loveIn love on TVon TVin agreementin agreement on the radioon the radioin painin pain on the phoneon the phoneon edgeon edge on the on the computercomputeron targeton target on topon topon timeon time in a cityin a cityat oddsat odds in a countryin a country

in a continentin a continent

Use Use ToTo after verbs that indicate after verbs that indicate movement from one place to movement from one place to

another.another.

Every morning Ana Every morning Ana walks towalks to the the library, library, goes togoes to the coffee shop, the coffee shop,

and and returns toreturns to her office. her office.

Use Use duringduring to explain when to explain when something happened. Use something happened. Use forfor to to

explain how long it takes to explain how long it takes to happen.happen.

DuringDuring the month of December the month of December people spend a lot of money people spend a lot of money and the stores are busy and the stores are busy forfor

days.days.

Do not put Do not put toto before before homehome

I am going homeI am going homeShe returned homeShe returned home

Position of Position of prepositional phrases prepositional phrases

of timeof time

At the beginning or end of a At the beginning or end of a sentencesentence

AfterAfter the movies, I’ll go get ice the movies, I’ll go get ice cream.cream.

I’ll go get ice cream I’ll go get ice cream afterafter the the movies.movies.

Prepositions of Prepositions of locationlocation and and directiondirection

LocationLocation: at, in, on, under, near, in : at, in, on, under, near, in front of, behind, on top offront of, behind, on top of

Direction: Direction: to, from, into, onto, out to, from, into, onto, out of, down, over, off, through, of, down, over, off, through,

aroundaround

Position of prepositional Position of prepositional phrases of place phrases of place

(location, direction)(location, direction)

After the main verb when After the main verb when there is no object or after there is no object or after

verb + objectverb + object

I saw I saw herher in the cafeteriain the cafeteria..

She is eating She is eating in the cafeteriain the cafeteria..

Put Put the moneythe money in my pursein my purse..

Some adjectives are often Some adjectives are often followed by certain prepositionsfollowed by certain prepositions►Afraid Afraid ofof jealous jealous forfor►Bad Bad for for proud proud ofof►Crazy Crazy aboutabout responsible responsible forfor►Familiar Familiar withwith sad sad aboutabout►Famous Famous forfor safe safe fromfrom►Fond Fond ofof similar similar toto►Full Full ofof sorry sorry forfor►Good Good forfor sure sure aboutabout

More expressionsMore expressions(A, B,C)(A, B,C)

► Accuse ofAccuse of► Add toAdd to► Angry withAngry with► Angry aboutAngry about► Agree with Agree with ► apologize for apologize for ► apply forapply for► Approve ofApprove of► Argue withArgue with► Ask forAsk for► Aware ofAware of

► Believe inBelieve in► Belong toBelong to► Capable ofCapable of► Care aboutCare about► Care forCare for► Committed toCommitted to► Comply withComply with► Concern aboutConcern about► Confronted withConfronted with► Consist ofConsist of► Count onCount on

More expressionsMore expressions(D, E, F, G)(D, E, F, G)

►Deal withDeal with►Decide toDecide to►Decide onDecide on►Depend onDepend on► Be disappointed withBe disappointed with► Be disappointed Be disappointed

aboutabout►Dream ofDream of► Escape fromEscape from

► Excited aboutExcited about► Familiar withFamiliar with► Fond ofFond of► Forget aboutForget about► Forgive (so) forForgive (so) for► Friendly withFriendly with►Good forGood for►Grateful forGrateful for

More expressionsMore expressions(H, I, J, K, L, O, P)(H, I, J, K, L, O, P)

► Happy aboutHappy about► Hear aboutHear about► hope forhope for► Hopeful aboutHopeful about► Innocent ofInnocent of► insist oninsist on► Insulted byInsulted by► Interested inInterested in► Introduced toIntroduced to► Jealous ofJealous of

► Keep fromKeep from► Located inLocated in► Long forLong for► Look forward toLook forward to► Opposed toOpposed to► Participate inParticipate in► Patient withPatient with► Pay attention toPay attention to► Pay forPay for► Pray forPray for

More expressionsMore expressions(P, Q, R, S )(P, Q, R, S )

► Prepared toPrepared to► Prepared forPrepared for► Prevent fromPrevent from► Protect fromProtect from► Proud ofProud of► Provide withProvide with► Qualify forQualify for► Be realistic aboutBe realistic about► Refer toRefer to► Related toRelated to► Rely onRely on

► Rescue fromRescue from► Responsible forResponsible for► Sad aboutSad about► Satisfied withSatisfied with► Scared ofScared of► Search forSearch for► Similar toSimilar to► Specialize inSpecialize in► Stop fromStop from► Succeed inSucceed in

More expressionsMore expressions(T, U, W)(T, U, W)

► Take advantage ofTake advantage of► Take care ofTake care of► Thank (so) forThank (so) for► Think aboutThink about► Think ofThink of► Tired ofTired of► Upset withUpset with► Upset aboutUpset about► Willing toWilling to► Wish forWish for► Worry aboutWorry about

Some prepositional phrases Some prepositional phrases occur with no articlesoccur with no articles

AtAt ► SchoolSchool► ChurchChurch► LunchLunch►WorkWork►HomeHome

► InIn bed bed

totoSchoolSchoolChurchChurchLunchLunchWorkWorkBedBed

ByBy plane, bus, car, plane, bus, car, boatboat

OnOn foot foot

Phrasal verbsPhrasal verbs (two-word (two-word verbs)verbs)

consist of consist of

a verba verb++

an adverb (particles)an adverb (particles)up, down, out, offup, down, out, off

Some phrasal verbs take Some phrasal verbs take objects, others don’tobjects, others don’t

She She made upmade up a story. a story.

Turn downTurn down the volume. the volume.

She She grew upgrew up in Canada. in Canada.

If the object of the phrasal verb If the object of the phrasal verb is a noun, it can go before or is a noun, it can go before or

after the particle.after the particle.

She called off She called off the weddingthe wedding..

She called She called the weddingthe wedding off. off.

If the object is a pronoun, it If the object is a pronoun, it must go before the particle.must go before the particle.

I picked I picked itit up. up.

He took He took itit off off

Common phrasal verbs with or Common phrasal verbs with or without objectswithout objects

► Catch upCatch up► drop outdrop out►Grow upGrow up► Run outRun out► Settle downSettle down► Show upShow up► slow downslow down► take offtake off► turn upturn up►Work outWork out

Common phrasal verbs with Common phrasal verbs with objectsobjects

► Bring upBring up► Build upBuild up► Call offCall off► Check outCheck out► Figure outFigure out► Give upGive up► keep upkeep up► Let downLet down► look uplook up► Make upMake up► Pick upPick up► Point outPoint out

Some common combinations Some common combinations

Some common combinations Some common combinations

grouped by prepositiongrouped by preposition

1. 1. Verbs + Verbs + aboutaboutaskaskcomplaincomplaindreamdreamforgetforgettalktalkthinkthinkworryworry

2.2.

2. 2. Verb + Verb + toto

agreeagree object objectbe usedbe used pay attention pay attention belongbelong relate relate explainexplain reply replyintroduceintroduce say say listenlisten speak speak

3.3.

3.Verbs + 3.Verbs + withwith

agreeagree fillfillargueargue get along get along break upbreak up help help competecompete finishfinishcooperatecooperate work work disagreedisagree

4. 4. Verbs + Verbs + forfor

apologizeapologizeaskaskbuybuydodolooklookmakemakepaypaystudystudythankthank

5. 5. Verbs + Verbs + onon

countcounthavehavekeepkeeppickpickputputrelyrelytaketakewaitwaitworkwork

6. 6. Verbs + Verbs + offoff

breakbreakcallcallcutcutfallfalljumpjumpkeepkeeplivelivetaketaketurnturn

7. 7. Verbs + Verbs + atat

guessguesslaughlaughlooklooksmilesmilestare stare yellyell

8.8.

8. 8. Verbs + Verbs + ofof

complaincomplaindiedieget ridget rid

9. 9. Verbs + Verbs + towardtoward

contributecontributeheadheadturnturnwalkwalkworkwork

Verb + preposition Verb + preposition CombinationsCombinations

Like phrasal verbs, these Like phrasal verbs, these combinations are sometimes combinations are sometimes

called two-word verbscalled two-word verbs

The most common prepositions The most common prepositions in these combinations include:in these combinations include:

about, for, in, on, to,about, for, in, on, to,after, at, of, fromafter, at, of, from

Verbs + prepositions are Verbs + prepositions are different from phrasal verbsdifferent from phrasal verbsIn In phrasal verbsphrasal verbs, pronoun , pronoun

objects come before particlesobjects come before particlesIn In verbs + prepositionsverbs + prepositions, all , all

objects come after their objects come after their prepositions.prepositions.

Three - word verbs combine a Three - word verbs combine a phrasal verb ( a verb + particle) phrasal verb ( a verb + particle)

with a prepositionwith a preposition►Keep up withKeep up with►Drop in onDrop in on►Face up toFace up to►Get along withGet along with►Put up withPut up with►Cut down onCut down on

AgainstAgainst1. touching the side surface of 1. touching the side surface of

Don’t lean against the door.Don’t lean against the door.

2. in opposition to2. in opposition toI am against changing the rules I am against changing the rules

of the class.of the class.

AmongAmongin the middle of three or more in the middle of three or more

unspecified itemsunspecified itemsconcerning more than two concerning more than two

peoplepeopleMy class is among the others.My class is among the others.

BetweenBetweenin the middle of two itemsin the middle of two items

concerning two peopleconcerning two peopleIt’s between Maria and you.It’s between Maria and you.

ThroughThroughmoving along a passagemoving along a passage

beyondbeyondGo through the hallway and turn Go through the hallway and turn

left.left.

TowardTowardgoing in the direction of a going in the direction of a

destinationdestinationHe is walking toward me.He is walking toward me.

The End!The End!