Predictive Modeling and Design Solutions for Beneficial Use of … … · Overview of Presentation...

Predictive Modeling and Design Solutions for Beneficial Use of Dredged Material

Presented by Tom Wang, P.E., and Kathy Ketteridge, Ph.D., P.E.January 28, 2016

Overview of Presentation

• Introductions

• Examples and design considerations of beneficial use (BU) opportunities

• Predictive modeling for BU

• Dredging, transport, and placement methods for BU

− Innovative construction materials and methods

• Case study discussion

• Questions

Integrated Approach is Key to Success

Design for Beneficial Use

Constructability Concerns

Construction Equipment and

Methods

Predictive Modeling

Goals of BU Project

Beneficial Use Design Guidance

• USACE publications− EM 1110-2-5026 Dredged

Material Beneficial Uses

− DRP and DOER papers and case studies

• USEPA− EPA842-B-07-001 Beneficial

Use Planning Manual

Beneficial Use (BU) Opportunities

Beneficial Use Opportunities

Confined Disposal

Facility (CDF)–Shoreline

Development

Shoreline Remediation

Confined Aquatic

Disposal (CAD)

Beneficial Use Opportunities, continued

Habitat Restoration -

Mitigation

Beach Nourishment

Predictive Modeling for BU Projects

Physical Stability of Placed Sediment• Objective: Evaluate short- and

long-term physical stability of placed material due to hydrodynamic forcing

• Tools: ADCIRC, STWAVE, Delft-3d, SWAN, M2D and others

• Data needs

− Site conditions

− Design conditions

− BU sediment characteristics

Maximum Predicted Current Field Around BU Island (M2D Model)

Physical Stability of Placed SedimentHydrodynamic Forcing Conditions• Tidal currents

• Estuarine processes

• Wind-waves

• Vessel wakes

• Propeller wash

• Riverine currents

• Outfalls/stormwater

Simulation of Hurricane Katrina for Port of Gulfport (wind stress)

Keyport Lagoon, U.S. Navy

Tidal Currents (ADCIRC) and Excess Shear Stress

Hancock County Living Shorelines, Mississippi Sound

Wave Energy along Shoreline (SWAN)

Esquimalt Harbour, British Columbia, Canada

Prop Wash Evaluation

• CFD Code• Need to predict

specific velocity field behind the prop

• Evaluate scour potential based on predicted velocity field

• Example shows velocity field around constructed containment wall

Sustainability (SLR)

• Objective: Evaluate impacts to project over design life based on predictions of sea level rise

• Tools: Hydrodynamic models and GIS spatial modeling tools

• Data needs

− Site conditions− Design conditions− Habitat conditions and characteristics− Sea level rise estimates (typically

through 2100)

Transformation of Tidal Wetlands in DE

Geotechnical Modeling• Dredged

material bulking and settlement (short-term)

• Foundation consolidation (long-term)

• PSDDF Model

– Settlement during construction

– Long-term consolidation

Contaminant Mobility (Benthic)

• Mobility of contaminants through the placed sediments

• Groundwater pathways

• Reible Model (1998 EPA Cap Guidance document)

• AQFATE

Contaminant Mobility(Suspended)

• Objective: Assess water quality impacts resulting from dredging

− Turbidity− Dissolved contaminants

• Tools: ADDAMS DREDGE and STFATE modules; EPA Plumes

• Data needs − Site conditions− Sediment characteristics− Dredge characteristics and

operations− Disposal operations

Summary of Predictive Modeling for BU

+ Considered++ Important+++ Critical for Design

Beneficial Use Options Physical Stability

Sustain-ability

Contaminant Mobility (Benthic)

Contaminant Mobility (suspended)

Geotechnical Considerations

Confined Disposal Facility/ Shoreline Development

+++ + +++ +++ +++

Confined Aquatic Disposal +++ ++ +++ +++ +++

Beach Nourishment +++ + +

Habitat Restoration/Mitigation +++ +++ ++ +++

Sediment Remediation Cap +++ +++ +++ +++

Dredging, Transport, and Placement• Key considerations in equipment and method selection

− Intended beneficial use of dredged materials at placement site

− Distance between dredge and placement sites

− Dredging vs. placement production rates

− Substrate suitability of dredged material for beneficial use

− Sediment contamination

− Placement site timeframe to achieve functionality

• Short-term dredge material bulking and settlement

• Long-term consolidation (sediment and foundation)

− Dewatering or treatment needs

Dredging, Transport, and Placement (cont.)• Key considerations in equipment and method selection

− Predictive modeling results

− Empirical laboratory or bench-scale testing results

− Environmental impacts

• Water quality impacts at dredge and placement sites

• Habitat impacts

• Ability to employ construction BMPs to mitigate impacts

Dredging, Transport, and Placement (cont.)

Beneficial Use Options Dredging Method (Mech, Hydr)

Transport Method (Barge, Pipeline)

Clean or Contam.Sediment

Active DewateringTypically Used

Treatment Typically Used

Confined Disposal Facility/ Shoreline Development

Both Both Both Yes Sometimes

Confined Aquatic Disposal Mechanical Barge Both No No

Beach Nourishment Hydraulic Pipeline Clean No No

Habitat Restoration/Mitigation Both Both Clean No No

Sediment Remediation Cap Mechanical Barge Clean No Sometimes

Dredging and Transport Technologies• Mechanical

– Barge transport– Unlimited transport distance– Low bulking (i.e., near in-situ)– Intermittent placement– Debris is relatively easy– Lower production rate

• Hydraulic– Pipeline transport– Restricted transport distance– High bulking (i.e., hydraulic slurry)– Continuous placement– Debris is challenging– Higher production rate

Mechanical Dredging Technologies

Derrick Dredge (aka Clamshell Dredge)

Hydraulic Dredging Technologies

Swinging Ladder Cutterhead Dredge

Hydraulic Dredging Technologies (cont.)

Trailing Suction Hopper Dredge

Dredged Material Transport and Screening

• Transport equipment depends on dredge type and staging/processing needs

− Barge transport

− Pipeline transport

− Staging area availability and size

• Staging/processing depends on final placement site

− Debris screening

− Dewatering

− Treatment

− Overland transport

Mechanical Dredge – Barge Transport

Hydraulic Dredge – Pipeline Transport

Screening Debris

Mechanical Placement

• Barge transport for dredged material

• Capable of placing wide variety of material

• Multiple placement methods: barge, rehandling, conveyor, tremie

• GPS enabled for documentation of area coverage

Barge placement

Telebelt placement

Thin layer placement with rehandling bucket

Hydraulic Placement

• Slurry transport via hydraulic pumps and pipeline

• Barges equipped with anchoring system and GPS

• Ideal for sand and finer material up to 1 inch in diameter

• Thin layer cover combines dredging and precision placement, restores marsh elevation

Hydraulic with diffuser screen

Hydraulic diffuser

Thin layer capping over marsh

Sediment Dewatering

• Passive dewatering– Stockpiles, barge dewatering– Wick drains– Surcharging– Effectiveness varies with material type– Less certainty

• Geotubes (hydraulic dredging)– Contained passive dewatering– Need space and time– Used for beach nourishment, temporary berms,

contaminated sediment dewatering

• Active dewatering– Filter or belt press (mechanical or hydraulic

dredging)– Hydrocyclone for size separation– More certainty

Empty Geotubes Prior to Filling

Full Geotubes Releasing Water

Excavating a Full Geotube

Active Dewatering Equipment

Hydrocyclone Size Separation

Slurried dredge material

Contaminated fines and water

Washed sand

Hydrocyclone Size Separation (cont.)

Treatment – Stabilization

• Adding lime/cement/other to

– Bind up water

– Reduce chemical leachability

– Increase strength

• Can be simpler than dewatering

• Typically used to address site stability or strength needs, or sediment contaminants

Confined Disposal Facilities

CDF Design Guidance

• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers publications

– EM 1110-2-5025 Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal

– EM 1110-2-5027 Confined Disposal of Dredged Material

– Dredging Research Program (DRP)

– Dredging Operations and Environmental Research (DOER)

– EM 1110-2-1902 Slope Stability

Source: http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/USACEPublications/EngineerManuals.aspx

CDF Design Considerations

• Containment design – Static and seismic stability

– Contaminant mobility

• Size and capacity– Short-term bulking and settlement

– Ponding area to meet water quality criteria

• Pumping distance– Water content

• Site final use– Habitat

– Shoreline development

– Recreation

Milwaukee Waterway NCDF and Habitat

Confined Aquatic Disposal

Confined Aquatic Sites

• USACE Publications– EM 1110-2-5025 Dredging and

Dredged Material Disposal

– EM 1110-2-5027 Confined Disposal of Dredged Material

– DRP and DOER Reports

• USEPA– Ocean Disposal Manual

– CAD designs

CAD Design Considerations

• Submerged or emergent• Containment design

– Static and seismic stability

– Erosion protection

– Contaminant mobility

• Size and capacity– Short-term bulking and settlement

• Sustainability

• Pumping distance– Water content

• Site final use– Typically habitat function

– Navigation and anchoring restrictions

Place Contaminated Sediment in CAD

Port Hueneme Beneficial Use

Place CAD Clean Sediment as Beach Nourishment

Port Hueneme CAD Cross-section

-85’ MLLW

-56’ MLLW

-46’ MLLWClean Cap

Contaminated Sediments

-43’ MLLW

Note:MLLW = mean lower low water

Port Hueneme, USACE, U.S. Navy

Port Hueneme – Barge Placement

Port Hueneme, USACE, U.S. Navy

Beach Nourishmentand Habitat Restoration

Other Beneficial Uses

• Beach nourishment

• Agriculture and products– Topsoil– Aquaculture

• Berms– Stable and feeder

• Habitat restoration

• Land improvement

• Marsh and intertidal habitat

Parallel Geotextile Tubes in Perimeter Dikes

Deer Island Marsh Creation

• Design elements

– 7- to 8-foot-high dike

– Easterly wing dike

– Flash board riser weirs

– Offset to provide bayou

• Dredged material from Biloxi Lateral Channel

• Approximately 40 acres were filled with 365,000 cy of sediment

Enhancing Existing Marsh

Illustration of conceptual model for marsh recovery after thin-layer disposal

Case Study: GP Log Pond

GP Log Pond Remediation and Habitat Creation

• Cost-effective sediment remediation alternative

• Cap in place >130,000 cy industrial waste product

• Beneficial reuse of 43,000 cy of dredged material

• Restoration of 5.6 acres of intertidal and shallow subtidal habitat

GP Log Pond

Wave Modeling for Cap Stability

Whatcom Waterway

GP Log Pond

Habitat Creation Criteria

Key Design Considerations• Dredge material as habitat cap

– Swinomish Channel and Squalicum Harbor combined dredge materials

– Fine to medium sand + slightly sandy, clayey silt (MH)

• Coastal stability and sea level rise– Shoreline and cap armoring

• Long-term consolidation– Habitat elevations for eelgrass

• Contaminant mobility– Groundwater transport

– Contaminant isolation

• Mechanical methods– Limit water quality impacts

– Placement precision

Questions?

Predictive Modeling and Design Solutions for Beneficial Use of … … · Overview of Presentation...

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