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Pre-Colombian Civilization!
Unit II600-1450 C.E.
Maya
•300 B.C.E.-900 C.E.
•Golden Age 500-850 C.E.
•Classical civilization
•Southern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula), Central America
–Tikal
Maya - Political
• City-states– Relatively autonomous, but united under
one king
• Warfare– Religious– Slaves
• Geography
Maya – Social, Cultural
• Social structure– Kings, priests, nobility– Merchants– Peasants, slaves
• Gender– Traditional roles for women– Inherit land
Maya - Religious
• Three-part world view
• Maize• Sacrifices• Pyramids• Calendar
– Zero (Gupta!)
Maya - Economic
• Agricultural– Slash and burn– Terrace, ridge field– Maize, cotton
Maya - Decline
• Disease, drought, internal unrest
• Remaining peoples– Rigoberta Menchú
Aztecs
• 1150 C.E.- 1450 C.E.• Central Mexico• Tenochtitlan
– Quetzalcoatl
Aztecs - Political
• Expansionist, militant– Professional army– Sacrifices– Autonomy, taxes (no bureaucracy)– Roads
• Inter-territorial trade
– Guerras floridas
Aztecs – Social, Cultural
• Social Structure– Warrior elite– Maya
• Gender– Women subordinate– Inherit property– Commerce
• Religion– Military and religion– Sacrifices
Inca
• Early 13th century- 1450 C.E.
• Peruvian Andes• Cuzco
Inca - Political
• Expansionist– Inti– Professional standing army
• Most united empire!– 1. bureaucracy– 2. unified spoken language (Quechua)– 3. roads
• Chasquis and quipus
Inca – Social, Cultural• Gender
– Women subordinate– Inherit property– Commerce (weaving)– More religious roles
• Religion– Inti: sun god, owns all
• No private property• El Inca
– Smaller-scale sacrifice– Morality– Machu Picchu
Comparison - Politically
• Motivations for expansion– Maya: slaves– Aztec: territory, sacrifices– Inca: religious
• Centralization– Aztec and Maya: city-state autonomy– Inca: most centralized
• Bureaucracy• Unified language (Quechua)• Roads
Comparison - Socially
• All– Peasant majority– Slavery of conquered peoples– Women subordinate except
• Inherit land• Commerce
• Maya: Merchant class• Aztec: Warrior elite• Inca: Religious elite, god-king (el Inca)
Compare Aztecs to Romans
• 1. roads• 2. autonomy but tribute• 3. adapted ideas from conquered
peoples• 4. polytheistic
vs
AP Essays
• Mesoamerican civilization= Mayas, Aztecs
• Andean civilization= Incas• Be able to compare Mayas to Unit I
classical civilizations• Understand how religion
contextualized expansion (Unit II!)
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