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8/3/2019 Pptslides Week2 Sept2011 Describing Aims and Objectives Expressing Purpose 1
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LE 4000
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC WRITING
WEEK 2
DESCRIBING AIMS ANDOBJECTIVES
8/3/2019 Pptslides Week2 Sept2011 Describing Aims and Objectives Expressing Purpose 1
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PART 1
GENERATING IDEAS
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INTRODUCTIONWhat should you have in an introduction of your
research report?
i. Background information
ii. Statement of the problem
iii. Purpose/Objective
iv. Research questions
v. Def inition of key terms
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Where to start?Start with YOUR OWN INTEREST. Then,
y
Read«read«read«.newspapers, magaz
ines or journals
y Browse the internet
y Discuss
y
Wr ite freely
y Ask yourself some wh- questions
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Make a list: Put your ideas on paper
Remember: Every topic has possi bilities
Topics
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES?
y
Animal abuse?y Deforestations?
y Air pollution?
CONCEPTS?
y Recycling?
y Cloning?
y Waste management?
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Important things to remember«You need an issue or problem to start
your research
Your topic of research must be
k ulliyyah related
You need at least 5 academic sourcesavailable for references
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How do I narrow down my topic? First, choose a general area of your studies thatinterest you.
Example: COMPUTING Second, f ind an issue related to it
Example: Lack of Computers in
Malaysian Pr imary Schools
Third, decide on what you want to research on.
Example: The effects of computing onchildren behavioural development.
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How do I narrow down my topic? Later, f ind out if there are enough academic
sources available for you to support and develop all
the above. Otherwise, you need to change your topic.
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THE LANGUAGE FORMS
You need to ma k e sure that you can use correct
and appropriate tenses so that you can write your introduction effectively. For instance:
The Simple Present tense to express facts (Active/Passive)
Ex:____________________________________________________
The Present Perfect Tense to express relevance of past action topresent situation (Active/Passive)
Ex:____________________________________________________ Inf initives phrases to express purpose
Ex:____________________________________________________
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LANGUAGE FORMSIMPLE PRESENT TENSE TO EXPRESS FACTS
EXAMPLES
1. These schools recruit teaching staff whosemother tongue is English.
2. Cultural awareness is usually consideredimportant for expats to function mosteffectively in most positions in most countries.
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LANGUAGE FORMTHE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE TO EXPRESS
RELEVANCE OF PAST EVENT TO THE PRESENT
EXAMPLE
Persistent academic dishonesty has perplexed
researchers who f ocus their studies on why students
cheat.
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LANGUAGE FORMINFINITIVE OF PURPOSE:
A to -infinitive is to show purpose
Example;The research is designed to study.
The purpose of this study is to explore..
It is the aim of the current research to determine whether.
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WRITING DEFINITIONSSimple present tense is used when writing definitions.It can be either in active or passive voice.
Examples;Centre for Academic Integrity (CAI), 2006) definesacademic integrity as a commitment to fivefundamental values: honesty, trust, fairness, respect,
and responsibility . (active)
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WRITING DEFINITIONS-
continue Academic integrity is defined as a commitment tofive fundamental values: honesty, trust, fairness,respect, and responsibility (Centre for AcademicIntegrity (CAI), 2006). (passive)
Zolls (1996, p.7) definition of academic integrity isthe value of independent and honest scholarship in
educational endeavors.
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