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PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 1Version:
EuroDocsisIntroduction
A short course about theintroduction of EuroDocsis 1.1
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 2Version:
Why this course?
• EuroDocsis 1.1 is new
• A lot of previous systems exist in Casemae.g. Demos, DVB, COM21
• A lot of related subjects such asTPA, SI, SP, different OSIHN, EMC, LVDAAA, QoSbut what does it mean?(even if you know them all, this presentation may be interesting for you)
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 3Version:
Agenda for today
• EuroDocsis introductionEuroDocsis introduction– planning, – some features, – COM21, DVB, Docsis, EuroDocsis comparison
• System IssuesSystem Issues– NGP, implementation of other market areas, – system calculations (capacity, line price), – linking to the PC
• Implementation issuesImplementation issues– Suppliers comparison, – Self installation and provisioning
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 4Version:
Our goals
• Roll out without major surprises.• Broad knowledge about EuroDocsis 1.1
(not only technical possibilities and blockings, also the market related ones must be known)
• Low line price (what the hell is line price!)(everybody knows its importance, nobody uses it,somebody calculated it, anybody does it his way)
• Get a modem system that is cheaper and more flexible than COM21's system today
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 5Version:
1-10-100 rule
RFQ phaseRFQ phaseTrial and Trial and test phasetest phase
Business Business phasephasegood questions
understanding - the subject- the supplierright choicechange cost some days
what must be testwhat are the criteriaunderstanding - the need for the test- the test results- the consequencesright choicechange cost a few man-weeks
reliability, availability serviceabilityupgradeabilityinstallabilityunderstandingchanging cost a lot more
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 6Version:
Issues that are (partly) not covered
• Regulatory issuesIf it is mandatory, only the board can and must decide since the president (and his MT) is mostly personally responsible.
Examples:– LT Legal Tapping, government must be able to tap– EMC Radiation & interfering other systems like air traffic– LDV Low-Voltage Directive, Safety due to mains voltage – IHN Configurations and responsibility (only TPA
aspects)basis for seminar is: Cable operator is not responsible for IHN
AOP + NTU + modem together, no usage of existing IHN for interactive traffic, Ethernet from modem to the PC
SI = Self installation
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 7Version:
Development of Euro-DOCSIS in Time
Cursus voor niet-technici
3 mei 2002
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 8Version:
CableLabs
• In 1988, CableLabs was founded in the USA• CableLabs serves the cable television industry by:
• researching and identifying new broadband technologies; • authoring specifications, certifying products and spreading
information.
• CableLabs benefits the cable television industry and consumers by: • enabling interoperability among different cable systems; • facilitating retail availability of cable modems and advanced
services; and helping cable operators deploy innovative broadband technologies
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 9Version:
DOCSIS summary
Website:
www.cablelabs.com
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 10Version:
DOCSIS summaryVersion Spec PICS/ATP 1st Certif. CMs CMTSs Market
1.0 '97 '98 '99 203 26 Roll out
1.1 '99 00Q3 01Q3 22 6 Roll out
CCCM '00 01Q2 02Q3 0 0 Waiting
2.0 01Q4 t.b.d. t.b.d. 0 0 Waiting
1997 1999 2001 2003
1.1
1998 2000 2002
CCCM
1.0
2.0
CCCM = CPE controlled CM, t.b.d.= to be defined
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 11Version:
History of Euro-DOCSIS
• In October 1999, TOCOF was founded and selected Ghent University to establish and conduct Euro-DOCSIS interoperability and certification program
• In February 2000, Euro-DOCSIS annex N is approved• In May 2000, tComLabs at Ghent and Euro-DOCSIS
Certification Board (ECB) were founded• In June 2000, first certification wave for Euro-DOCSIS 1.0
products by tComLabs
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 12Version:
EuroDOCSIS summary
Website:
www.tcomlabs.com
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 13Version:
EuroDOCSIS summaryVersion Spec PICS/ATP 1st Certif. CMs CMTSsMarket
1.0 00Q1 00Q2 00Q3 28 16 Roll out
1.1 01Q3 01Q3 01Q4 0 0 Delayed
2.0 ??? ??? ??? 0 0 Waiting
2000 2001 2002 2003
ED1.0ED1.1
RFQ NGPSelection
ED1.0 ED1.1 roll out
TPA
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 14Version:
Euro-Docsis
Technische inleiding
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 15Version:
DOCSIS
• Data
• Over
• Cable
• Services
• Interface
• Specifications
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 16Version:
DOCSIS
• Amerikaanse standaard
• Gestandaardiseerde apparatuur
• CM ( kabelmodem) en CMTS (netwerkapparatuur) mogen van een verschillende fabrikant zijn
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 17Version:
EuroDOCSIS
• Europese versie van DOCSIS
• Aanpassingen aan Europese kabelnetten– Kanaalbandbreedte– Upstream frequency range– Downstream frequency range
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 18Version:
Reference Model Compleet
Cable modem Termination system
NetworkTermination
Mod
Dem
TX
RX
O/ENode
Cable modem
CPE
O/ENode
O/ENode
Operations Support System
BackboneTransportAdapter
Cable Modem RF Interface
Cable Modem CPE Interface
CMTS RF interface
CMTS-NSINSI = Network-Side interface
SNMPV3
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 19Version:
Operations Support System
• DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server
• Time of Day Server
• TFTP(Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 20Version:
DHCP
• De DHCP server zorgt voor:– Het IP adres van het Modem– Het IP adres van de Time of day server– Het IP adres van de TFTP server– Naam van de Config file – DCHP lease: tijd dat IP adres aan het modem
is toegekend
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 21Version:
Time of day Server
• Zorgt voor:– de tijdsindicatie– samen met offset wordt dat de juiste lokale tijd
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 22Version:
TFTP
• De TFTP server zorgt voor:– Config file
• Netwerk toegang configuratie setting• Class of Service configuratie setting• Quality of Service configuratie setting• Baseline Privacy configuratie setting
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 23Version:
TPA
• Toegang via derde partijen– Modem maakt verbinding met Casema– CPE (PC) maakt verbinding met ISP
• Twee afzonderlijke procedures– CPE(PC) heeft IP adres– Modem heeft IP adres
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 24Version:
Baseline Privacy
• Bied een zeker niveau van versleuteling
• Authenticiteit van CM en CTMS– Docsis 1.0 BPI Niet voor CM– Docsis 1.1 BPI Voor CM via digitale
handtekening
• Zorgt dat CM alleen toegang heeft tot diensten waarvoor het is geautoriseerd– Docsis 1.0 via MAC adres
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 25Version:
Baseline Privacy
• Zorgt dat CM alleen toegang heeft tot diensten waarvoor het is geautoriseerd– Docsis 1.0 via MAC adres– Docsis 1.1 via MAC adres en Digitale
handtekening.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 26Version:
Downstream
CMTS
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CMCMTS-Cable
ModemTermination
SystemCM-Cable Modem
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 27Version:
Downstream
• Frequency gebied:108-862 MHz
• Bandbreedte: 8MHz/ eff 7,96 MHz
• QAM 64 (QAM 256)
• MPEG-2 datastream
• Bruto Bitsnelheid: 42 Mbit/s tot 56 Mbit/s
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 28Version:
Upstream
CMTS
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CMCMTS-Cable
ModemTermination
System
Instraling
CPEIHN
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 29Version:
Upstream
• Freqency range: 5 MHz-65 MHz
• Bandbreedte : 0.2 ;0.4 ;0.8 ;1.6 of 3.2 Mhz
• QPSK of 16 QAM
• Bitsnelheid: 0,128 …10,24 Mb/s
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 30Version:
Wat is maximaal mogelijk ?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10 20
9Bit/Hz
256QAM
128QAMShannon limit
Maximale Signaal/ruis
CATVnetwerk
64QAM
32 dB
CNR [dB]
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 31Version:
CNR zichtbaar gemaakt
Grote CNR Kleine CNR
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 32Version:
(Euro)Docsisto DVB/COM21
issuesA short course about the differences between DVB
COM21 and (Euro-)DOCSIS
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 33Version:
DVB, COM21, (Euro)Docsis
DVBDVBFrom 1995From 1995A/V + IP (+ tel.)A/V + IP (+ tel.)Origin: Europe EBUOrigin: Europe EBUMultimedia standardMultimedia standardIP development failedIP development faileddue to weak CNP supportdue to weak CNP support
COM21COM21From 1996From 1996IP only (+ tel.)IP only (+ tel.)Origin: USA COM21Origin: USA COM21IP oriented proprietaryIP oriented proprietaryOne vendor onlyOne vendor onlydue to that, too expensivedue to that, too expensive
EuroDocsisEuroDocsisFrom 2000From 2000IP + tel. onlyIP + tel. onlyOrigin: Europe tComLabsOrigin: Europe tComLabsIP oriented standardIP oriented standardVideo streaming developmentVideo streaming developmentdue to lack of CNP pushingdue to lack of CNP pushing
DocsisDocsisFrom 1997From 1997IP + tel. onlyIP + tel. onlyOrigin: USA CableLabsOrigin: USA CableLabsIP oriented standardIP oriented standardVideo streaming developmentVideo streaming developmentdue to lack of broadcast visiondue to lack of broadcast vision
EBUEBU
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 34Version:
DVB versus DocsisDVBDVB++ CM easily to link with STB
++ Real multimedia vision, DVB for all
++ IPCableCom, later adopted for time- critical services.
++ Developed for world market from European vision. Can be used in either 8 (PAL,SECAM) or 6 MHz (NTSC) systems.
-- 8 US channels per DS
++ OOB and IB possible
++ QoS from the beginning.Important in Europe
DOCSISDOCSIS-- STB link originally not foreseen.
-- No multimedia vision, DVB + ED mix
++ IPCableCom, later adopted for time- critical services.
-- Developed in USA, for USA. DOCSIS is not suitable for other regions, it declares the EuroDOCSIS version.
++ 4 to 8 channels per DS (vendor dep.)
-- Only IB possible.
-- QoS was not in DOCSIS1.0 CoS only. In USA less interest.
OOB = Out of Band, separate control downstream based on QPSK 2 Mb/sIB = In Band, control signals in main downstream bandmultimedia = satellite, cable, terrestrial
The many pro's for DVB shows the technical superiority for the European market but the market decided differently. DVB and EuroDocsis will be used simultanuously
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 35Version:
COM21 versus Euro(Docsis)
COM21COM21-- Proprietary, monopoly position
++ Mature proven technology
-- Downstream 6 MHz, NTSC oriented, 27 Mb/s in 8 MHz
-- Upstream 1,7 MHz QPSK only
-- Bridged CMTS based VLAN tagging
-- Tel: very expensive propriatary
++ Internet: QoS and billing,
-- PPPoE like virtual IP encapsulation (proprietary)
-- Too transparent for ISP (CNP problem)
-- iTV: no iTV but video streaming
Europe (EuroDOCSIS)Europe (EuroDOCSIS)++ Interoperable between many vendors
-- Step into the dark but it will work finally
++ Downstream 8 MHz, PAL oriented, 38 Mb/s in 8 MHz
-- Upstream 1,7 MHz QPSK only
++ Routed CMTS (can be used as bridged)
++ Tel: ETSI-POTS, ISDN, VoIP
++ Internet: QoS and billing (if ED1.1_
++ MPLS, VPNbut Cisco dominated up to now
-- Better TPA, standard
++ iTV: over Ethernet/ EuroDOCSIS
There are good reasons to step from COM21 to EuroDocsis 1.1
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 36Version:
USA DOCSIS USA DOCSIS (ETSI ES 201 488)(ETSI ES 201 488)
-- ITU region 2 oriented ("New World plan")US 5...42 MHzDS 54...750 MHz, NTSC oriented grid
-- FCC commitment for EMC, safety
-- USA LV safety based on 110 V
-- Commitment to US local standardse.g. low reflection requirements
-- Under US supervision for e.g. interoperability via CableLabs. Cannot be influenced by Eur. CNP's.
-- US Cablecom solutions for telephony
-- Network: tree & branch, aboveground
EuroDOCSIS EuroDOCSIS (ES 201 488 Anx.N)(ES 201 488 Anx.N)
++ ITU region 1 oriented ("Old World plan")US 5...65 MHzDS 87,5...862 MHz, PAL oriented grid
++ European Directive for EMC (EMCD)
++ European Directive for safety (LVD)
++ Commitment to Cenelec EN 500 83with higher reflection requirements
++ Under European supervision for e.g. interoperability via tComLabs. Influenced by Eur. CNP's (e.g. ISDN)
++ Eur. Cablecom solutions for telephony
++ Networks: (mini-) star based, buried
EuroDocsis versus Docsis part 1
Docsis shows a year in advance what we can expect from EuroDocsis
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 37Version:
EuroDocsis versus Docsis part 2
USA DOCSISUSA DOCSIS++ Node size now 300...200
later 100...200 due to interactivity
-- Drop lines to IHN
++ Home-RF is defacto standard, very USB oriented
-- DS 6 MHz NTSC based, gives 25% lower efficiency in 8 MHz (27 Mb/s)
++ Network is renovated for 256QAM?
-- US 3,5 MHz with 16QAM is used with fall-back mode 2,56…10 Mb/s
-- Tel: US-POTS, VoIP
-- Internet: plain internet for the time being, no iTV but video streaming
EuroDOCSISEuroDOCSIS-- Node size now 800...2100
later 250 by interactivity
++ AOP-NTU connection to IHN
-- No common IHN solution, Ethernet recommended, is the only cheap solution
++ DS is 8 MHz PAL based. Full 38 Mb/s. European DVB fits in EuroDOCSIS.
-- Network not good enough for 256QAM
-- US 1,7 MHz only possible with QPSK, 2,56 may be 5,12 Mb/s in 3,5 MHz
++ Tel: ETSI-POTS, ISDN, VoIP
++ Internet: QoS and billing, MPLS, VPN, iTV over Ethernet/ EuroDOCSIS
Environmental market conditions are completely different
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 38Version:
EuroDocsis 1.0; 1.1; 2.0EuroDOCSIS 1.0EuroDOCSIS 1.0-- Telephony is not possible-- CoS only-- TPA cannot be implemented
EuroDOCSIS 1.1EuroDOCSIS 1.1++ Telephony VoIP under development++ Service enhancement QoS, payload header suppression
++ IP multicast enhancement and encryption (cond. access)
Better operations, SNMP v3, Account mgnt. Fault mgnt.
++ TPA is possible under certain conditions
EuroDOCSIS 2.0EuroDOCSIS 2.0-- Advanced PHY: S-CDMA (ECI like) and Advanced TDMA
new hype of US vendors or is the market waiting for it?-- Starting development, not be certified before 2004?
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 39Version:
Euro-DOCSIS and Telephony
Cursus voor niet-technici
3 Mei 2002
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 40Version:
VoIP / IP Telephony / Internet Telephony
• Gedachten van VoIP varieren van persoon tot persoon• 3 verschillende voorbeelden VoIP / IP Telephony:
- Voice-over-Internet meestal ‘PC-to-PC’ of ‘PC-to-Phone’ - Corporate VoIP
bedrijfstelefonie, o.a. PBX- Carrier-grade VoIP gebruikelijke analoge telefoon
De verschillen worden bepaald door type IP netwerk, toegepaste protocollen, apparatuur, e.d.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 41Version:
Architectuur
PacketCable / IPCablecom Platform
PHY, Broadband Modem Physical layer (modulation) MAC, Media Access Control (addressing)
EuroDOCSIS 1.1 Platform
Internet Protocol
PacketCable / IPCablecom Protocols
IP-based
data services Voice/Video
ConferencingiTV
services
VoIP is gebaseerd op een open architectuur
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 42Version:
Geschiedenis van Carrier-GradeVoIP over Cable
• In 1998 begon CableLabs met PacketCable (Pkt)
• Begin 2001 begon ECCA met IPCablecom project
• In maart 2001 begonnen ETSI en ITU-T met technische specificaties voor IPCableCom
• Omvattende aanpassingen in ETSI IPCablecom standaarden zorgen voor vertragingen in het proces
• GEVOLG: Onzekerheid over certificatie en onduidelijkheid over definitieve eisen
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 43Version:
New Generation Platform (NGP)
• Casema project NGP doelstelling is selectie van: ‘Euro-DOCSIS 1.1 + IPCableCom’ apparatuur
• Fasering van NGP– Fase 1: Internet services (vervanging Com21)– Fase 2: Third-Party access voor andere ISPs– Fase 3: Self Provisioning & Self Installation– Fase 4: Telefonie
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 44Version:
Voice-over-NGP I
• 2 architecturen gedefinieerd in IPCableCom:
– Fully VoIP (softswitch-gebaseerd)
– Switched VoIP (gebruikmakend van PSTN switch)
Casema heeft voor de ‘switched VoIP’ architectuur gekozen!
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 45Version:
Voice-over-NGP II Switched VoIP architectuur
Customer premisesThird party
HFC
Network
AOP+
NTUVGW
Casemaswitch
EuroDOCSIS
Telephony signals
Legend
EuroDOCSIS 1.1
SS7 V5.2
HFC NetworkCore network
IPCablecom (switched VoIP)
POTS(ISDNoptional)
MT
A
CM
MT
A*
* The MTA can be external orembedded in the CM
CMTS
Router
Transmission
& Routers
TSP
TSP
TSP
3rdparty
switch
3rdparty
switch
TDM-traffic
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 46Version:
Voice-over-NGP III
Fully VoIP architectuur
IPCablecom
Euro-DOCSIS 1.1
Customer premisesCasema and/or Third party
HFC
network
AOP+
NTUCMTS
KPN
EuroDOCSIS
Telephony media flowLegend
ANS
ANC
ANP
TSP
TSP
SS7
PCM+MF sign.
HFC NetworkCore network
CMS
MGC
Casemaswitch
MGW
SGW
SIP
CMS
NCS
a1
a2
MT
A
CM
MT
A* POTS
(ISDNoptional)
Router
Telephony signalling
Het iTV platform in NGP
3 mei 2002
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 48Version:
Behandeld zal worden
1. Mogelijkheden van het gebruik van het iTV platform in relatie tot NGP
2. Aandachtspunten c.q. mogelijk te verwachten problemen
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 49Version:
Algemeen
Twee scenario's voor transport interactieve data:• Via telefoonlijn dmv POTS modem in de STB:
– Via KPN– Via MTA in het kabelmodem
• Via kabel, down- and upstream via het HFC netwerk.
Twee verschillende stromen:• A/V broadcast = het oversturen van het digitale video, audio en
extra programma informatie, uitgezonden in een DVB-downstream kanaal.
• Interactieve data = persoonlijke en signaleringsdata, verzonden in EuroDOCSIS 1.1 downstream en upstream kanalen of via de telefoonlijn.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 50Version:
Huidige situatie: telefoon retour via KPN
Applicatieserver
Applicatieserver
KPNswitchKPN
switchModem
poolModem
pool
Conventionele A/V broadcast via DVB
KPN Telefoon lijn
SDHnetwerk
TV RHFCnetwerk
Interactieve data
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 51Version:
Gewenste oplossing met EuroDocsis kabel
modem
Applicatieserver
Applicatieserver
IN DATA
R/TV R TV
ED-CMED-CM
Ethernet kaart
Ethernet kaart
SDH netwerk
HFCnetwerk
CMTSCMTS
Conventionele A/V broadcast via DVB
Interactieve data via ED 1.1
Meterkast
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 52Version:
Tweede optie: telefoon retour via MTA
Applicatieserver
Applicatieserver
IN DATA
R/TV R TV
ED-CMED-CM
Tel.modem
Tel.modem
MTAMTAModempool
Modempool
Casemaswitch/GWCasema
switch/GW
SDH netwerk
HFCnetwerkCMTSCMTS
Conventionele A/V broadcast via DVB
Interactieve data
Meterkast
Huidigetelefoon modem
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 53Version:
Gelijktijdig gebruik van het kabelmodem
Persoonlijkedata
DVB
ED-CMED-CM
Ethernet kaart
Ethernet kaart
ApplicatieServiceProvider
InternetServiceProvider
Casema netwerk
IN DATA
R/TV R TV
Downstream
A/V broadcast + interactiviteit
Upstream
ED 1.1
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 54Version:
Tijdskritische diensten in iTV
On-line betalingen:
ED-CMED-CM
Ethernet kaart
Ethernet kaart
ApplicatieServiceProvider
Casema netwerk
IN DATA
R/TV R TV
Shopping mall via DVB broadcast Ik ga watbestellen
Interactieve data via ED 1.1
te laat=
geen afrekening
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 55Version:
Tijdskritische diensten in iTV _2
T-commerce:
WWW
Additionalinfo
ED-CMED-CMEthernet
cardEthernet
card
Casema network
IN DATA
R/TV R TV
Applicationserver
Applicationserver
reclame via DVB broadcast Die beer wil ik wel
Interactieve data via ED 1.1
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 56Version:
Samengevat• iTV mogelijk in het ED NGP
– via het Internetplatform– via het Telefonie platform
• Een aantal zaken zullen goed uitgezocht moeten worden– gelijktijdig gebruik PC en STB met de data communicatie tussen
verschillende SP’s– het correct laten verlopen van tijdskritische diensten
Verschillen DVB en ED in relatie tot iTV
Mei, 2002
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 58Version:
Algemeen
• De DVB standaard is ontwikkeld voor digitale audio en video broadcast waaraan later een module is toegevoegd waarin interactiviteit geregeld wordt. Deze standaard is hierdoor uitermate bruikbaar voor de STB.
• DOCSIS is ontwikkeld voor de internet omgeving maar wordt inmiddels ook gebruikt in de STB.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 59Version:
Verschillen in de downstream
EuroDocsis:• Modulatietechniek identiek aan DVB• MPEG transport alleen mogelijk via IP over ED. Aangezien dit zorgt voor
timingproblemen is dit voor MPEG transport geen optie.
DVB:• Twee methoden in de downstream: Out-Of-Band (OOB) and In-band (IB):
– OOB: QPSK modulatie met een bandbreedte van 2 MHz met 3 Mb/s, is robuust en kan overal in de frequentieband worden geplaatst.
– IB: 64 QAM modulatie met 8MHz bandbreedte op 38 Mb/s. Deze bandbreedte kan MPEG, IP, MP3, etc informatie bevatten. M.b.v MPEG part 6, kan IP ingekapseld in MPEG verzonden worden.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 60Version:
Verschillen in de upstream
EuroDocsis:• De US modulatie kan QPSK zijn en 16 QAM. De
standaard laat data snelheden toe* van 128 kb/s tot 10 Mb/s in zeven stappen.
DVB:• US modulatie is QPSK. Mogelijke data snelheden
zijn 256 kb/s tot 6 Mb/s in stappen van vier.
Voor beide standaarden geldt dat de toegang naar de gedeelde US bandbreedte wordt geregeld via de MAC protocollen. De controllers in het HE regelen de toewijzing van de US bandbreedte, de manier waarop dit gebeurd is verschillend.
* “De standaard laat toe” betekend niet dat dit ook mogelijk is in het kabelnetwerk. Op dit moment, de maximum bitrate per kanaal in ons kabelnetwerk is 3 Mb/s.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 61Version:
Belangrijkste punten
• DVB: – Multimedia oplossing, bruikbaar in kabel, satelliet en terrestrial netwerken
en voor audio/ video, internet en telefonie diensten. – Voor broadcast van audio en video in de downstream is DVB via Europese
regelgeving verplicht gesteld.
• EuroDocsis: – Alleen te gebruiken in kabelnetwerk en voor de internet en telefonie
diensten. iTV kan meeliften op deze diensten alleen op basis van TCP/IP– Voor iTV zijn er altijd twee modems nodig: een DVB en ED modem.
Hierdoor is EuroDocsis vanuit technisch oogpunt duurder dan DVB
Conclusie: Beoogde ED voordeel vanwege meer beschikbare bandbreedte (vergeleken met DVB-OOB (38Mb/s tov 3 Mb/s)). Valt weg met de DVB-IB oplossing die dezelfde bandbreedte en snelheid beschikbaar stelt en tevens de mogelijkheid voor het gebruik van een multiple carrier zorgt zelfs voor duidelijke voordelen.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 62Version:
EuroDocsisSystem calculations
Short calculations you must know for EuroDocsis 1.1:
speed, capacity, CMs/CMTS, line price
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 63Version:
Speed general
• Speed can be split up in downstream speed (DS) andupstream speed (US)
• In US as well as in DS each one channel at a time(if capacity is too low, 2nd channel cannot be added)
• If n is number of allowed US channels per DS channel then the asymmetry is given by DS : (n x US)
e.g.: DS = 38 Mb/s, US = 2,5 Mb/s n = 4the asymmetry is 38 : (4 x 2,5) = 3,8 (or 3,8 : 1)
CMTSTX + RX
CMRX+TX
CMTSTX + RX
CMRX+TX
CMRX+TX
CMRX+TX
OR
ANDTX
RX1
TX = Transmitter, RX = Receiver
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 64Version:
Speed - bandwidth
Choice of speed/bandwidth ratios:• DS:DS: 64QAM, (128QAM) and 256QAM
PAL oriented network accepts 64QAM only- network CNR is too low for 256QAM- CNR increase is very expensive
• US:US: QPSK and 16QAM16QAM in speed, two times as efficient as QPSK but:- network less reliable for 16QAM- number of CM's/CMTS reduced by 50%
CMTSTX + RX
CMRX+TX
128QAM is a little less efficient technique that is not supported by most of the CM and CMTS suppliers
64Q
AM
128
QA
M
256
QA
M
33%
QP
SK
16Q
AM
100%but..
+12% +33%
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 65Version:
Speed downstream
• 64QAM gives 6 b/s/Hz (ref. 64 = 26)so in theory: 8 MHz channel gives 8 x 6 = 48 Mb/s48 Mb/s
• Due to filtering, FEC etc. result: 38 Mb/s38 Mb/s effective bitrate lower (between 20..25%), before IP handling service independent
• UDP/IP consumes approx. 1%(streaming, telephony) result: 37 Mb/s37 Mb/s
• TCP/IP consumes another 10% (webserving, E-mail) result: 34 Mb/s34 Mb/s
CMTSTX
CMRX
FEC = Forward Error Correction
34
Mb/
s4
37
Mb/
s1
10
10
TCP UDP
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 66Version:
Speed upstream
• QPSK gives 2 b/s/Hz (ref. 4 = 22)so in theory: 1,7 MHz channel gives 1,7x2 = 3,4 Mb/s3,4 Mb/s
• Due to filtering, FEC etc. result: 2,56 Mb/s2,56 Mb/seffective bitrate is lower (approx. 35%), before IP handling service independent
• UDP/IP consumes approx. 5% (due to asymmetry)
(streaming, telephony) result: 2,5 Mb/s2,5 Mb/s• TCP/IP consumes another 40% (due to asymmetry)
(web serving, E-mail) result: 1,5 Mb/s1,5 Mb/s
CMTSRX
CMTX
1,5
Mb
/s1
,06
Mb
/s
2,5
Mb
/s0,
06
0,8
4
0,8
4
TCP UDP
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 67Version:
modems per CMTSon service level
• Let say QoS = DS 256kb/s /US 64kb/s TCPDS: 1 TX = 34 Mb/s 34 : 0,256 = 136 users US: 4 RX = 4x1,5 Mb/s 6 : 0,064 = 100 usersFor Web surfing for a concurrency of 1%,
10 000 users10 000 users could be connected to one CMTS 1 TX - RX combination
• For video conferencing DS = US = 64 kb/s UDPDS: 1 TX = 37 Mb/s 37 : 0,064 = 600 users US: 4 RX = 4x2,5 Mb/s 10 : 0,064 = 160 usersFor video conferencing for a concurrency of 10%*,
only 1600 users1600 users could be connected to one CMTS 1 TX - RX combination
* video conferencing is peer-to-peer, can use upstream and downstream as well once started, video conferencing is occupying the channel continuously
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 68Version:
modems per CMTSon network level
In US a modem produces a signal + spurious (Spurious is unwanted disturbing signal residue)
1 Supplier guarantees for a CM a minimum signal-spurious ratio (SSR) (in the standard: -72 dBc per modem)
2 QPSK needs at least 22 dB SSR to operate reliantly
3 Network path loss asymmetry reduces with 15 dB*4 Maximum modems/CMTS receiver is:
72 - 22 - 15 = 35 dB is approximately 200 CMs/RX (see curve) Asymmetry reduction helps: 72 - 22 - 9 = 41 dB is approx. 500 CMs/RX
5 Each doubling of modems reduces SSR with 4,5 dB So, for e.g. 256 modems (is 28) reduction is 8 x 4,5 = 36 dB
* 15 dB is a typical Casema network value. With new (switchable) multi-taps it could be less
512400316256200160128100
30 32 34 36 38 40[dB]
modem quant.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 69Version:
Summary
CMTS
RX4RX4
RX3RX3
RX2RX2
RX1
TX
HFC networkCMnCMn
CM1CM1
CMnCMn
CM1CM1
RX1RX1PHY: 200 maxPHY: 200 maxADDR: e.g. 800ADDR: e.g. 800Serv: betweenServ: between1600 and 10 000 1600 and 10 000
Conclusion (this example):PHY is the restricting factor for the time being
max. 4 x 200 = 800 modemsMany parameters can be changed but themaximum of 200/RX card is difficult to exceed
RX3RX3PHY: 200 maxPHY: 200 maxADDR: e.g. 800ADDR: e.g. 800Serv: betweenServ: between1600 and 10 000 1600 and 10 000
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 70Version:
Line price EuroDOCSIS only
(example, simplified)costs TX-cards CM's price
/entity /CMTS /TX-card /CM
Network management 40000 9 800 5,6L2/3 sw+edge router 25% 82000 9 800 11,4CMTS+SW+install.+maint. 350000 9 800 48,6Line card (1DS+4US) 25000 - 800 31,3Cable Modem 72 - - 72,0Provisioning costs 16000 9 800 2,2Total/subscriber [EUR] 171,0
only the costs of new ED equipment is incorporatedonly the costs of new ED equipment is incorporated
Calculation (example) as used for the comparison between ED-vendorsModems are needed for each subscriberLine cards (in the CMTS) can be divided by 800 (4 US/card x 200 CMs/US)Central costs for all connections can be divided by 9
(9 line cards can be inserted in one CMTS)
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 71Version:
(blue is added for network upgrade) costs line cards CM's price/entity /CMTS /TX-card /CM
Network management 40000 9 800 5,6L2/3 sw+edge router 25% 82000 9 800 11,4CMTS+SW+install.+maint. 350000 9 800 48,6Line card (1DS+4US) 25000 - 800 31,3CMTS-DC-SC (DWDM) 800000 9 800 111,1Coax net upgrade (SNP) 80000 - 800 100,0AOP + NTU 55 - - 55,0Cable Modem 72 - - 72,0Installation costs 50 - - 50,0Provisioning costs 16000 9 800 2,2Total/subscriber [EUR] 487,1
only the costs of new equipment and modifications are incorporatedonly the costs of new equipment and modifications are incorporated
Case for e.g. Utrecht. For The Hague some investments are carried out already.
Line price for business plan (example, simplified)
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 72Version:
Conclusions
• Line-price increase not for internet only.If telephony and interactive TV can use the same platform, the line-price increase of EUR 487 is an investment for all these services.
• Why so much?– CATV was designed for connecting one R/TV only– Network quality increase was always used for
capacity increase– Lot of investments were postponed until now (SNP)
• But there is a moment that limits are reached
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 73Version:
EuroDocsis and TPA Third Party Access
The consequences and some special issues (SI and SP)
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 74Version:
Is TPA for internet only?
• On the IP platform, TPA is a hot issue at the moment but:
• It was already an issue years a go for telephony as well (2nd operators)
• It was already an issue years ago on pay-TV (Channel+). This will become more important with introduction of interactive TV
• Today we study TPA for the IP platform since the government presses us to open our network for other SP's (third parties).
CM
CM
STB
STBTel
Tel
All over one modem, or modem/ SPWho delivers the modem?
Who owns the modem?Who cares…?
SP is generic name for Service ProviderISP is specific Provider for Internet-Services
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 75Version:
Casema only?
• Casema is studying TPA for internal knowledge improvement
• Casema is working together with Essent and UPC to get common sense and to get one standpoint in the direction of the government.
• Projectname: ShAP (Shared Access Project)splitted in WG technology and WG business.Casema will commit to the result of ShAP study.
• TPA for EuroDocsis only because of step-to-ED policy and uniform SLA for all ISP's
Internal TPA group: Fred v. Let, Maria KlessensShAP: Fred van Let, Hans Velders, ...
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 76Version:
TPA dualism
• Cable Network Provider (CNP) is leading, tries to set the Standard for the SLA once and for all.
• Internet Service Provider (ISP) must feel happy with such SLA
• Government (OPTA) must accept construction
Technical group sets conditions• Physical parameters (NTU)• IP platform parameters (MPLS)• NMS, AAA, SI, SP• Eliminate all impossible models
NMS = Network Management System SP = Self ProvisioningAAA = Authentication, Authorization, Accounting SI = Self Installation
Business group sets conditions• Sets up Business plans• Select business model that can
work with Techn. group conditions• Makes SLA between CNP and ISP
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 77Version:
Begin (subscr. initiative)
ISP diagnosesproblem
Subscriber with problem calls ISP
ISP opens ISPtrouble ticket
Is subscribersatisfied
?
NO
ISP closes both ISPand CNP tickets
End
ISP calls subscriberto verify resolutionISP corrects
the problem
is it CNP's fault?
YES
isticket open forthis problem
?
YES
NO
ISP attempts to verify correct operation
ISP opensticket with CNP
Problem found?
YES
CNP corrects problem & marks ticket resolved
ISP calls subscriberto verify resolution
NO
YESISP's activity
CNP's activity
Users' activity
NO
Trouble ticketing(example: ISP responsible)
is itsubscriber's
fault?
NO
ISP helps to solve problemYES
Goals:• less red• more green
Subscriber solves problem
Begin (ISP initiative)
ISP finds problem
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 78Version:
End
Self provisioning (example)
Begin Subscriber buysCNP certified CM
Is subscribersatisfied
?
NO
ISP closes initiation ticket
ISP sends RFSC+ INITICK to CNP
ISP stores allsubscr.information
ISP opens subscr. account
CNP stores allsubscr.information
ISP opens initiation ticket
YESISP's activity
CNP's activity
Users' activity
Others
Does everything
work?
NO
YES
Goals:• less red• more green• more blue
Subscriber sends RFSC to ISP
Subscr. gets ISP connectivity set
Subscr. conductsCM's self installation
RFSC = Request for Subscription and Class of ServiceUCAP = Username, CoS Acknowledge and Password
CNP opens subscr. account
CNP send Ackback to ISP
ISP sends UCAP to subscriber
ISP handles trouble ticket
Subscriber solvesproblem via retail
CNP sets up interconn. & CoS
Iseverything
OK?NO
YES
CNP handles trouble ticket
is predefinedprocedure
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 79Version:
Self InstallationEffects from splitter, cable and amplifier on TV input level
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 TV input [dBuV]
existing 1TV
10m to TV
ampl. to TV
splitter 10m
Err
Effects from splitter, passive and active NTU on modem input
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Modem input [dBuV]
existing 1TV
splitter 10m
passive NTU
pasNTU 20m
active NTU
actNTU 20m
Err
OKtoo low too hAmplifiers, splitters and long cablenot possible.
Passive NTU seldom possibleActive NTU withadjustment goodin all cases.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 80Version:
Existing market developments(becoming more important with TPA introduction)
• PC with Windows: increasing number of versionsincreasing number of versionsW95, W98, ME, SE, 2000, XP… (mainly NL also UK versions)
• Desktop with PCI slots but also laptops with PCMCIAPCMCIA(UPC was pressed to deliver PCMCIA Ethernet cards on request recently)
• Increasing number of Linux serversLinux servers/firewalls at home(in particular in the heavy user area.)
• Linux, AppleLinux, Apple are still interesting market areas• Modem trends to location near the CATV systemtrends to location near the CATV system
outlet due to need to connect TV, radio, PC and telephones in all rooms of the house.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 81Version:
Summary
• Third Party Access asks for a very good co-operation between CNP and ISP.
• Self provisioning is seldom a problem but a good scenario must be chosen.
• Self installation is a Capex problem. Is it possible to ask the retailer with (its connections to installers) to control correct installation and to keep the installation costs separated from our line price.
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 82Version:
Comparison of Euro-DOCSIS Vendors
Cursus voor niet-technici
3 Mei 2002
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 83Version:
Short List RFQ NGP
• In December 2001:Casema selected 3 vendors of NGP equipment(Euro-DOCSIS and IPCablecom devices)
• Euro-DOCSIS testing (Okt/Nov 2001):Two vendors have been tested earlier in Casema’s labThird vendor has been tested earlier in FTC’s lab
• IPCablecom equipment (Feb 2002):All 3 vendors have been tested by Casema at vendors’ premises
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 84Version:
Vendor ComparisonPrice
Vendor equipment had been compared on investments for a specific Casema case study (Den Haag, V’burg + Z’meer)
•Vendor1:– Network price per subscriber for “Internet only”: 1 unit
•Vendor2:– Network price per subscriber for “Internet only”: 1,3 units
•Vendor3:– Network price per subscriber for “Internet only”: 1 unit
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 85Version:
CMTS Comparison Physical 7ft / 19“ rack mounted
• CMTS1:– 12 slots for RF line cards and network side interfaces– 1x4 RF line card with 1 downstream and 4 upstream– Total port capacity per rack: 36 DS & 144 US*– Roadmap: 2x8 and 3x12 RF line cards
• CMTS2:– 4 slots for RF line cards and 2 slots for network side interfaces– 1x6 RF line card with 1 downstream and 6 upstream– Total port capacity per rack: 16 DS & 96 US*– Roadmap: 2x8 RF line cards (5x20 for bigger
chassis)
• CMTS3:– 14 slots for RF line cards and network side interfaces– 1x4 RF line card with 1 downstream and 4 upstream– Total port capacity per rack: 42 DS & 168 US*– Roadmap: 2x8 and 4x32 RF line cards
* For comparison Com21: 3 DS & 21 US
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 86Version:
CMTS ComparisonData throughput
• CMTS1:– Downstream, 8 MHz, 64QAM: max. 38 Mbps (measured)– Upstream, 1,6 MHz, QPSK: max. 1,3 Mbps (measured)– Forwarding capacity: 30 Mpps (theoretical)
• CMTS2:– Downstream, 8 MHz, 64QAM: max. 38 Mbps (measured)– Upstream, 1,6 MHz, QPSK: max. 1,7 Mbps (measured)– Forwarding capacity: 2,4 Mpps (theoretical)
• CMTS3:– Downstream, 8 MHz, 64QAM: (measured at FTC’s lab)– Upstream, 1,6 MHz, QPSK: (measured at FTC’s lab)– Forwarding capacity: 42 Mpps (theoretical)
Mbps = Mega bits per secondMpps = Mega packets per second
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 87Version:
CMTS Comparison:Network Side Interfaces
• CMTS1:– Octal 10/100BaseT, GbEth, POS STM-1/4
• CMTS2:– Single 10/100BaseT, GbEth, POS STM-1/4, ATM OC-3
• CMTS3:– Octal 10/100BaseT, GbEth, POS STM-1/4
ATM advantages - Low implementation costs- In-band transport of NM information
disadvantage - Data capacity limited for future- Alternative cheaper Interfaces
NM = Network Management POS = Packet over Sonet (SDH)
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 88Version:
CMTS Comparison:Third Party Access
Third Party Acess has lots of flavours
For dynamic service and ISP selection per CPE:•CMTS1:
– For now TPA only possible using a service selection gateway– Later MPLS VPN interface card enables more TPA features
•CMTS2:– TPA possible by using MPLS VPN technology and advanced OSS.
•CMTS3:– For now TPA only possible using a service selection gateway– Later MPLS VPN interface card enables more TPA features
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 89Version:
CMTS Comparison Legal Interception
• CMTS1:– Legal Interception only possible using a Protocol Analyser card
(with certain limitations: monitoring of only ONE RF line card per Protocol Analyser card!)
• CMTS2:– Legal Interception possible by setting a tap within CMTS2
• CMTS3:– Legal Interception possible by setting a tap within CMTS3
PPT: C00-introduction.pptGen. week: 207Author: A.Velders
Printed: 09-10-01 Sheet: 90Version:
Conclusion
• Many factors (financial, service, technical, time-to-market) have an impact on the equipment selection
• Comparison of equipment is not always straightforward because of many hidden pitfalls
• Every vendor has strong and weak pointsdepending on service (Internet, Telephony, …. )
Recommended