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5
16
-10%
-8%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Onitsha, Nigeria
Lagos, Nigeria
Maiduguri, Nigeria
Bucaramanga, Colombia
Cucuta, Colombia
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Krasnodar, Russia
Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Belem, Brazil
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Suzhou, China
Qiqihar, China
Surat, India
Chandigarh, India
-4.00%
-3.00%
-2.00%
-1.00%
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Johannesburg
Tshwane
Ekurhuleni
Cape Town
Mangaung
eThekwini
Nelson Mandela Bay
Buffalo City
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
1996 2011
Johannesburg
Tshwane
Ekurhuleni
Cape Town
Mangaung
eThekwini
Nelson Mandela Bay
Buffalo City
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• Support to firms in navigating the city’s regulations
• Business-friendly zoning and land-use policies
• Streamlined business licensing
• Online ‘e-government’ services
• Special governance regimes for organized industrial zones/parks
• Worker training and talent attraction programs
• Improvements to the educational system
• University-business networks
• R&D grants
• Free or highly-subsidized land or office space for priority industries
• Concerted effort to ensure essential services available for industries
• Market intelligence and business information
• Investment facilitation and promotion
• Financial incentives targeted to priority industries or sectors
Source: Competitive Cities for Jobs and Growth, World Bank Group, forthcoming 2015
Factor
markets
Output
markets
Agglomeration
Institutions &
RegulationsInfrastructure Skills & Innovation
Enterprise Support &
Finance
National government • Macroeconomic management
• National investment and trade policy
• Legal framework & property protection
• Industry-specific taxes and regulations
• Highways, roads airports, ports
• Power grid
• Regulations for infrastructure provision, e.g. PPP laws
• Public education system
• Immigration policies to attract talent
• R&D funding, support schemes
• Healthcare
• Export and trade facilitation
• Access to finance support schemes
City government • Municipal taxes & incentives
• Zoning and land use policies
• Construction permits; business licenses
• Public safety & law enforcement
• City roads and public transport
• Water and sanitation
• Public safety
• Housing/slum upgrading
• Talent attraction programs
• Cluster development support
• Linking firms with academia
• Business support services
• Investment policies,promotion and aftercare
• Facilitation of seed, catalyst, and/or risk capital
Private sector • Standards and certification associations
• Additionalinfrastructure and shared services
• Vocational training programs
• R&D
• Business associations and support networks
• Market intelligence and business information
• Equity and debt
MAYOR’S WEDGE
Source: Competitive Cities for Jobs and Growth, World Bank Group, forthcoming 2015
Local firms:• Rivals, but come
together on common interests, (e.g. infrastructure upgrades)
Two business chambers:
• Large professional staffs, budgets, and political influence.
• Help determine priorities, build consensus, and advocate on behalf of business.
Municipality:• Supportive, not
dominating• Business-friendly
City Council:• Forum for
information sharing and consensus.
• Members: 80% private sector, universities, or civil society
• Several thematic working groups issuing recommendations.
Credible individuals with a track record of success (e.g. President of Sanko Holdings, one of the largest firms in Turkey).
• Effectively Organized Industrial Zones• Funding for education and research• Tax incentives and trade fairs subsidies • SME and entrepreneurial assistance
e.g. Business Chamber Vision 2030 in NMB, formulated with multiple stakeholders?
Now need to turn into action plan through coalitions…?
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