POWER POINT on bt crops

Preview:

Click to see full reader

Citation preview

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 1/74

Battling the Two-Edged Sword in China:

Controlling Pests with Bt Cotton and Managing

Resistance Build-up with Refuge Policies

Fangbin Qiao

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 2/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 3/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 4/74

 Bacillus thuringiensis Bt 

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 5/74

On the one hand 

One the other hand 

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 6/74

resistant

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 7/74

 Refuge

resistant  susceptible

On plots with Bt cotton On plots with no Bt cotton

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 8/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 9/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 10/74

 Is a US-style refuge policy really

 suitable for all the other countries?

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 11/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 12/74

what are the optimal refuge polices for these countries?

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 13/74

 It turns out that to properly model this issue, the context 

of the study (such as the dynamics of the pest  population, the nature of the cropping patterns; etc.)all matter. Therefore, a model on cotton is going to bedifferent than a model on corn

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 14/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 15/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 16/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 17/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 18/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 19/74

0

20

40

60

  N o  r  t  h e  r

 C e  n  t  r a

  W e s  t e  r

   (   %

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 20/74

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

   1   9

   7   9

   1   9

   8   2

   1   9

   8   5

   1   9

   8   8

   1   9

   9   1

   1   9

   9  4

   1   9

   9   7

   2   0

   0   0

  (  1

 ,  0  0  0

   t o n s

  )

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 21/74

 Helicoverpa

armigera

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 22/74

9329

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 23/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 24/74

On the one hand,

On the other hand,

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 25/74

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140160

180

1981 1985 1987 1995

Resistance factor of 

cotton bollworm to

pyrethroid

 In fact, this was not the first 

time that the bollworm

 population built up resistance.

 During the 1980s, it had built up resistance to

organophosphates.

So, farmers had to move to

using pyrethroid-based 

insecticides. The problem in theearly 1990s was that there was

nothing to move into.

This tendency of the bollworm to

evolve resistance is an

important characteristic that I 

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 26/74

 Nice wine!

 Am I drunk?

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 27/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 28/74

0

2000

4000

6000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

  (  1 ,  0  0  0 

  h a

  )

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 29/74

0

25

50

75

100

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

  (  %  )

 Henan, Shandong, and Hebei are the 2nd, 3rd and 4th largest cotton roduction rovinces in China

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 30/74

 Bt is just another 

 pesticide. Will 

bollworms developresistance like they

did to OPs in the

1980s and 

 Pyrethroids in the1990s?0

40

80

120

1 10 18 33 38 44

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 31/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 32/74

In the US: non-Bt cotton refuge

natural refuge crop

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 33/74

In China: things are different There are“natural refuge crops” in the diverse croppingpattern

Definition of natural refuge crop: a crop otherthan cotton that can serve as a host for thecotton bollworm

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 34/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 35/74

China’s cropping patterns are different than those in the US where cotton is often mono-cropped 

across huge areas. The typical view in China is like this. Cotton plots are planted among manydifferent crops. Farms are very diversified 

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 36/74

 And, so the argument is that China does not need to spend the

time and effort developing, enforcing cotton refuges.

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 37/74

In China: things are different There are“natural refuge crops” in the diverse croppingpattern

Definition of natural refuge crop: a crop otherthan cotton that can serve as a host for thecotton bollworm

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 38/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 39/74

So, what are the cropping patterns like in Northern China? Are there

natural refuges? I use 3 tapes of data to show this. And information

 from these data sources are incorporated into my analysis

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 40/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 41/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 42/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 43/74

my family farm (2006)

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 44/74

hosted 

CORN

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 45/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 46/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 47/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 48/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 49/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 50/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 51/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 52/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 53/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 54/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 55/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 56/74

∑

=

=+

−−=− geno

 geno

 geno

t t t t t 

MR D D g  D D

 No. 1

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 57/74

∑

∑∑=

=

=

=

=

=

+

−−−+

−−−−+−−−=−

 geno

 geno

 geno

t t t t t 

 geno

 geno

 genot t t t t t 

 geno

 geno

 genot t t t t t t 

MR D D g ww

MR D D g wwwMR D D g wwww

∑

∑∑

=

==

+

−−−+

−−−−+−−−=−

 geno geno

t t t t t 

 geno geno

t t t t t t 

 geno geno

t t t t t t t 

MR D D g vv

MR D D g vvvMR D D g vvvv

 No. 2

 No. 3

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 58/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 59/74

( )t t t t t t t 

T t 

t 

nbtcp

btcpq

nbtcpqbtcpqccpqcbt  D

t 

t 

t 

Min δ α  −+++∑=

=

≤≤

≤≤≤≤

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 60/74

∑=

=

+ −−=− geno

 geno

 geno

t t t t t  MR D D g  D D

∑

∑∑

=

=

=

=

=

=

+

−−−+

−−−−+−−−=−

 geno

 geno

 geno

t t t t t 

 geno

 geno

 geno

t t t t t t 

 geno

 geno

 geno

t t t t t t t 

MR D D g ww

MR D D g wwwMR D D g wwww

∑

∑∑

=

==

+

−−−+

−−−−+−−−=−

 geno geno

t t t t t 

 geno geno

t t t t t t 

 geno geno

t t t t t t t 

MR D D g vv

MR D D g vvvMR D D g vvvv

)+

≤≤

≤≤

≤≤

=

=+−+++= t t t t t t t t 

nbtcpbtcpq

T t 

t DV nbtcpqbtcpqccpqcbt  D DV 

t 

t 

t 

Min δ α 

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 61/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 62/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 63/74

        1

        0  .

        5

        0

  .        5

        1

0 5 10 15

(Year)

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 64/74

       0

 .       2

 .       4

 .       6

 .       8

       1

0 5 10 15

 Even though 100% Bt cotton has been planted for 15 years, because

of these natural refuge crops, the share of the susceptible gene to Bt 

toxin is still hi h >80% at the 15th ear.

(Year)

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 65/74

       0

 .       2

 .       4

 .       6

 .       8

       1

0 5 10 15

 However, if we assume natural refuge crops are not available, or cotton

is the only host plant for cotton bollworm, and if 100% Bt cotton has

been planted for 15 years, then the share of the susceptible gene to Bt 

toxin will be very low (near zero) at the 15th year. In other words, pest 

(Year)

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 66/74

       0

 .       2

 .       4

 .       6

 .       8

       1

0 5 10 15(Year)

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 67/74

       0

 .       2

 .       4

 .       6

 .       8

       1

0 5 10 15 20

(Year)

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 68/74

       1

       0

 .       5

       0

 .       5

       1

0 5 10 15 20

(Year)

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 69/74

Cost of zero refuge policy and optimal dynamic refuge

policy for 20-year plan

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 70/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 71/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 72/74

        1

        0  .

        5

        0

  .        5

        1

0 20 40 60 80 100

(Year)

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 73/74

8/14/2019 POWER POINT on bt crops

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-point-on-bt-crops 74/74

Thank you!

Recommended

High School Lesson - irp-cdn.multiscreensite.comBt Crops: crops that are genetically engineered to produce the same toxin as Bt (Bacillus thruringiensis) in every cell of the plant,
Documents
Biotech Crops in - International Service for the … crops in the continent namely Bt cotton, Bt maize and HT soybean. The overall goal is to facilitate a more ... Picture 8: Dr. Charles
Documents
GM Crops - University of Western Australia · Future for GM crops First GM crops have been input traits (GR, Bt). The second wave of GM crops will have consumer health and other benefits
Documents
Insect resistance to Bt crops: lessons from the first ...€¦ · BiotechCrops/) and Bt cotton accounted for 79–95% of cotton planted in Australia, China, India and the United States
Documents
DEIMOS BT A 400 DEIMOS BT A 600 - Security Point · 2018. 5. 25. · 2 - DEIMOS BT A 400 - DEIMOS BT A 600 AVVERTENZE PER L’UTILIZZATORE ( I ) D811972 00100_10 ATTENZIONE! Importanti
Documents
AP-010-BT and AP-100-BT Access Point Device with … · AP-010-BT and AP-100-BT Access Point Device with Bluetooth ... except by reviewer, ... access point device is determined by
Documents
The Anthropology of Genetically Modified Crops Anthropology of Genetically Modified Crops Glenn Davis Stone Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, ... Bt eggplant
Documents
Impact of Fall Armyworm Survival in Bt Crops on Survival and Damage Potential of Subsequent Generations Ryan Jackson USDA-ARS SIMRU
Documents
Pollinators, Biodiversity, and Scientific Integrity · we ask. Are pesticidal Bt crops toxic to non-target organisms (non-human)? Do Bt crops reduce the abundance of non-target organisms
Documents
ECONOMIC, ECOLOGICAL, FOOD SAFETY, AND …oregonstate.edu/instruct/bi430-fs430/Documents-2004/9A-BT CROPS... · of the most important issues surrounding agricultural ... gineered
Documents
Can pyramids and seed mixtures delay resistance to Bt crops? et al. TBT… · As Bt crops have become more widely adopted some of their economic and environmental benefits have been
Documents
BT Email Solutions · BT Email Solutions BT Oil and Gas The introduction of email has greatly improved the effectiveness of ... system, directory and messaging point product s. You
Documents
Regional pest suppression associated with widespread Bt ... · Transgenic crops containing the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes reduce pests and insecticide usage, promote
Documents
Ecological Effects of Transgenic Crops: Non-target Effects in Bt Cotton
Documents
Golden Rice and Bt crops: Unanswered safety and efficacy questions
Documents
The food and environmental safety of Bt crops€¦ · (2) The commercial application rate for the Bt microbial formulation followed the label directions from the supplier (up to 32
Documents
Bt. crops ppt
Education
Module II – Table of Contents › publications › bt_curriculum › bt_curic_mod… · Lesson Module II – Insect-Resistant Crops Using Bt Educators II Insect-Resistant Crops
Documents
S-BT-ER and S-BT-EF screw-in stainless steel and carbon ......212 08/2018 S-BT-ER, S-BT-EF Single point connection Lightning protection For high temporary current due to lightning
Documents
 · #220 BT #280 BT BT #330 BT MAG SAFETY P TOOL SET TOOL DUKE ... R O. BOX 555 WEST POINT, MS 39773 . IOBT MAG 1 Extend spring away from the rotating jaws
Documents