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POST-WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT OF SOIL
Dan NearyResearch Soil Scientist
U.S. Forest ServiceFlagstaff, AZ
POSTPOST--WILDFIRE WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT OF SOILMANAGEMENT OF SOIL
Dan NearyDan NearyResearch Soil ScientistResearch Soil Scientist
U.S. Forest ServiceU.S. Forest ServiceFlagstaff, AZFlagstaff, AZ
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OutlineOutlineClimate Change
Severity of Forest Fires
Soil Effects of Severity
Ecosystem Effects
What can we do: post-wildfire soil management
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CLIMATE CHANGE & GLOBAL FIRESCLIMATE CHANGE & GLOBAL FIRESJUNE JUNE –– AUGUST 2005AUGUST 2005
Is this a normal situation? Or is it out of bounds??
Is this a normal situation? Or is it out of bounds??
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Key Factors Effecting SeverityKey Factors Effecting Severity
Weather that is hotter and drier causes fires that are larger and more severe.
Crown-Replacing Wildfires Fuel Load & Drought
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Components of Wildfire SeverityComponents of Wildfire Severity
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Components of Wildfire SeverityComponents of Wildfire Severity
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Components of Wildfire SeverityComponents of Wildfire Severity
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FIRE OUT OF FIRE OUT OF BOUNDSBOUNDS
SW REGION WILDFIRES - DECADE AVERAGE
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
1910-1919
1920-1929
1930-1939
1940-1949
1950-1959
1960-1969
1970-1979
1980-1989
1990-1999
2000-2009
DECADE
AR
EA B
UR
NED
- ha
DROUGHT
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Forest Fire Forest Fire Severity Severity ClassesClasses
ExtremeExtreme
ModerateModerate
LowLow
Forest Fire Forest Fire Severity Severity ClassesClasses
ExtremeExtreme
ModerateModerate
LowLow
APACHEAPACHE--SITGREAVES SITGREAVES
National Forest ArizonaNational Forest Arizona
2002
MEGAMEGAFIRESFIRES
HIGH
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HEAT FLUXHEAT FLUX
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SOIL EFFECTSSOIL EFFECTSSOIL EFFECTS
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SOILS = ECOSYSTEM SKINSOILS = ECOSYSTEM SKINSOILS = ECOSYSTEM SKINOOEE
AA
BBhh
BBtt
BURNS1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
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Rx FIRE COCONINO NF
PONDEROSA PINE
Forest Fire Forest Fire Severity Severity ClassesClasses
ExtremeExtreme
ModerateModerate
LowLow
Forest Fire Forest Fire Severity Severity ClassesClasses
ExtremeExtreme
ModerateModerate
LowLow
HIGH
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PUMPKIN FIRE 2000, COCONINO NF
Forest Fire Forest Fire Severity Severity ClassesClasses
ExtremeExtreme
ModerateModerate
LowLow
Forest Fire Forest Fire Severity Severity ClassesClasses
ExtremeExtreme
ModerateModerate
LowLow
HIGH
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COON CREEK FIRE 2000
TONTO NF
Forest Fire Forest Fire Severity Severity ClassesClasses
ExtremeExtreme
ModerateModerate
LowLow
Forest Fire Forest Fire Severity Severity ClassesClasses
ExtremeExtreme
ModerateModerate
LowLow
HIGH
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WATER REPELLENCY
WATER DROPS
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Erosion ChannelsErosion Channels
FLOOD
DOWNCUT
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POSTPOST--FIRE EROSIONFIRE EROSION
Pase 6529 HIGHArizona - CH
Hendricks 44370 SEVEREArizona - MC
Glendenning 61204 SEVEREArizona - CH
Garcia 2005**109 SEVEREArizona - PP
Campbell 771 LOWArizona - PP
REFERENCEAMOUNTMg ha-1 yr-1
LOCATION
** RODEO-CHEDISKI FIRE 2000
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Erosion, Soil Degradation and Ecosystem Health
• Desertification
• Watershed Health
RUCKER LAKE CORONADO, FL
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DesertificationDesertification• Deterioration of plant and soil resources• Affects forest productivity• Ultimately a threat to water
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BURNED AREA EMERGENCY BURNED AREA EMERGENCY RESPONSE (BAER)RESPONSE (BAER)
• The Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) program’s goal is protecting life, property, water quality, and deteriorated ecosystems from further damage after a wildfire is out.
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BAER POSTBAER POST--WILDFIRE SOIL WILDFIRE SOIL MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
STRAW WATTLES
CONTOUR TRENCHES
LOG BARRIERS
CHECK DAMS
SEEDING
MULCH
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FOREST WATERSHEDSFOREST WATERSHEDS
Watersheds provide: • A source of water• A source of wood pulp• Recreational sites• Wildlife habitat• Ecosystem services
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SOCIOSOCIO--ECONOMIC IMPACTS:ECONOMIC IMPACTS:WATER CONSIDERATIONSWATER CONSIDERATIONS
• How Valuable is Water????
• 3,400 Communities Rely on National Forests For Water
• 50 – 75% of Nation’s Water Supply Originates on Forests
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RODEO-CHEDISKI FIRE 2002
....THE BOTTOM LINE…
1. WILDFIRES ARE NOTNEW
2. SIZE & SEVERITY ARE UP3. WILDFIRES CAN HAVE
SERIOUS EFFECTS ON SOIL RESOURCES
4. POST-FIRE SOIL MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT
5. WATER SUPPLY AT RISK
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THEENDTHE END
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