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Case 2: Post-Fire Putah Creek WQ Monitoring
Alex Rabidoux, PESolano County Water Agency
Location
San Francisco
Sacramento
Vacaville
Middletown
Cobb
Cobb
Middletown
Wildfires in 2015
Fire Area (acres)
Wragg Fire (Solano) 8,000
Rocky Fire (Lake) 70,000
Jerusalem Fire (Lake) 25,000
Valley Fire (Napa-Lake)- 1,955 Structures- 1,281 Homes- 4th Most-Destructive Fire
76,000
Total = 180,000 acres (333 mi2)(10 x Lake Berryessa)
Post-Fire WQ Monitoring• Water Quality concerns to Lake, Napa, and Solano Counties• Lake Berryessa provides huge dilution but...“Godzilla El Nino”• Partnered with Hidden Valley Lake CSD & Napa County for WQ monitoring
Sample Locations
Middletown
Name Description
SHC St Helena Ck (Control)
CYC Coyote Ck (Partial, Small Trib)
UPC Putah Ck (Upper, Sig Burn Impact)
LBRID Putah Ck (Middle, U/S L. Berryessa)
Sample Locations
Winters
Name Description
PC@MD Putah Ck (Lower D/S L. Berryessa)
COC Cold Canyon Ck (U/S of Putah Ck)
LS@PDD Lake Solano @ Div Dam (Intake)
*Most significant post-fire WQ impacts
Constituents
Title 22 (Mineral, Physical, Inorganics) + TOC/DOC + NutrientsTier I (All Samples)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Tier II (All except Coyote Ck)
Trihalomethane Formation Potential (TTHMFP)Tier III (Interdam Reach only)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
120
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16
Rain
(in)
Stre
am F
low
(cfs
)
Upper Putah Creek - Rain & Runoff
Precip
Flow (Daily Avg)
1/6
3/7
3/11
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
120
250
500
750
1,000
Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16
Rain
(in)
Stre
am F
low
(cfs
)
Lower Putah Creek - Rain & Runoff
Precip
Flow (Daily Avg)
1/6 3/7 3/11
ResultsWhat did we see?• Cold Canyon Creek (Interdam Reach) had the worst WQ• No significant WQ degradation in Upper Putah Creek• Upper Putah Creek has excellent WQ!• Godzilla El Nino Average Water Year for Putah Creek
Physical Properties
0
100
200
300
400
1/6 3/7 3/11
Specific Conductance (uS/cm)
St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
0
50
100
150
200
1/6 3/7 3/11
Alkalinity (mg/L)
St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
Organics
0
5
10
15
20
25
1/6 3/7 3/11
Total Organic Carbon (mg/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
0
2
4
6
8
10
1/6 3/7 3/11
Dissolved Organic Carbon (mg/L)St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1/6 3/7 3/11
TTHMFP (ug/L) Putah Ck @ M_Dam
Cold Canyon Ck
Putah Ck @ Div Dam
MCL = 80 ug/L
Sediment
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1/6 3/7 3/11
Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
8,300
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1/6 3/7 3/11
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
0
100
200
300
400
500
1/6 3/7 3/11
Turbidity (NTU) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
2,000
0
100
200
300
1/6 3/7 3/11
Color (C.U.) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
Secondary MCL = 15 C.U.
3,000
Nutrients
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1/6 3/7 3/11
Total Nitrogen (mg/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
0
2
4
6
8
1/6 3/7 3/11
Phosphorus (mg/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1/6 3/7 3/11
Ortho Phosphate (mg/L)
St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
Minerals & Metals
0
10
20
30
1/6 3/7 3/11
Arsenic (ug/L)St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
MCL = 10 ug/L
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1/6 3/7 3/11
Total Chromium (ug/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
MCL = 50 ug/L
Note: For surface water, Cr(III) is most prevalent form.
0
1
2
3
4
1/6 3/7 3/11
Barium (mg/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
MCL = 1 mg/L
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1/6 3/7 3/11
Mercury (ug/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
DL = 0.06 ug/L
RL = 0.20 ug/L
MCL = 2 ug/L
0
5
10
15
20
1/6 3/7 3/11
Aluminum (mg/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
MCL = 1 mg/L
65
Note: High levels from sediment. (Most abundant metal in earth’s crust)
0
10
20
30
40
1/6 3/7 3/11
Iron (mg/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
69
Secondary MCL = 0.3 mg/L
Note: High levels from sediment. (2nd most abundant metal in earth’s crust)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1/6 3/7 3/11
Manganese (mg/L) St Helena CkCoyote CkUpp Putah CkPutah Ck @ LBRIDPutah Ck @ M_DamCold Canyon CkPutah Ck @ Div Dam
Secondary MCL = .05 mg/L
11
Conclusion• Cold Canyon Creek (Interdam Reach) had the worst WQ• Primarily in suspended sediment [TSS = 8,300 mg/L; TDS = 270 mg/L]• No significant WQ degradation in Upper Putah Creek• Upper Putah Creek has excellent WQ!
Where in the Watershed?
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