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POSt -Classical Civilization in SUB- SAHARAn Africa. Tribes = based on kinship Led by chief or king Military commander, chief priest, head judge, lawmaker council of elders = advise Religion Ancestor worship & animism Secret societies Educate children in tribe’s customs - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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POST-CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
COMMONALITIES IN AFRICAN SOCIETY Tribes = based on kinship
Led by chief or king Military commander, chief priest, head judge, lawmaker
council of elders = advise Religion
Ancestor worship & animism Secret societies
Educate children in tribe’s customs Limit ruler’s authority Settle disputes & enforce punishments
Little crime; wealth = many friends & children Family
Husband pays bride price Polygamy = multiple wives
ETHIOPIA (1200-1400S)
First Christian kingdom in Africa Culturally isolated
Unique Christian faith Faced constant threat by Muslim
invaders King Lalibela (1200s)
Sponsored church construction sculpted from rock
Dynasty began in which kings claimed descent from King Solomon Continued until 1900s.
ETHIOPIA: LALIBELA
LALIBELA
POST-CLASSICAL AFRICAN TRADE
MALI
MALI: 1230-1468
Founded by the Malinke people Known for = commerce, bureaucracy,
scholarship Key to success = agriculture & trade
Caravan trade across Sahara Contact with Muslim merchants
Conversion to Islam Mainly merchants & rulers Convert in order to gain stature among Arab states Others = mix Islamic with local religion
Timbuktu = capital
MALI: SUNDIATA
1st great Malian king Known as “Lion Prince” Ruled 1230-1255 A.D. Took title of “Mansa” = “emperor” strong military leader
Unified state Mali Established social arrangements Secured kingdom
Griots = oral historians & king’s advisors
MALI: MANSA MUSA
Reigned 1312-1337 A.D.
Made Hajj to Mecca 15,000 people in his party 500 slaves carred gold gave so much gold away that he caused inflation in Egypt for a decade Brought back muslim architect = construct
mosques
Empire declined with Musa’s death
MALI: TIMBUKTU
Major trading hub: Gold, slaves, salt
Center of Islamic learning 150 schools Library
Home of merchants, artisans, & scholars
Religious & ethnic toleration
MALI: TIMBUKTU
SANKORE MOSQUE
MALI: GREAT MOSQUE AT DJENNE
MALI: GREAT MOSQUE AT DJENNE
SONGHAY
Rises from w/in Mali independence = c1370s Gained power under
Sunni Ali (military might) wealth = gold trade
DECLINE: -ATTACKED BY MUSLIMS FROM MOROCCO (1591 AD)
-INTERNAL REVOLT AGAINST RULERS
SUNNI ALI
THE SWAHILI COAST
SWAHILI COAST
East coast of Africa (Zanj) Arab traders
Established cities Mogadishu, Kilwa, Zanzibar
Influence African culture merchants adopt Islam Increase demand for interior’s products Swahili culture:
Mix of Arab & African life ex.Language, architecture, dress
Dhows near Zanzibar
SWAHILI COAST
YORUBA & BENIN
Yoruba Nigeria (small city-states, ie. Ile-Ife) Unclear origins Regional kings (divine w/civil powers) Terra cotta & bronze busts (post 1200 CE)
Benin East of Yoruba Formed in 14th C “Oba” = ruler Bronze and ivory art
YORUBA & BENIN
Ife, Nigeria (12th-15th C.
KONGO: GREAT ZIMBABWE
Begins c.13th-15th C Confederation of small states Control by “manikongo” (king) Farming & cattle-herding “zimbabwe” = stone house (for ruler & sub-chiefs)
Best example is “Great Zimbabwe” 1400s – led by Mwene Mutapa Controlled interior’s gold Split apart by internal divisions & rebellion
GREAT ZIMBABWE
GREAT ZIMBABWE
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