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8/20/2019 Positive Safety Culture - Singapore
1/27
Positive Safety Culture- Roles of Regulators
Mr Ho Siong Hin
2 Divisional DirectorOccupational Safety and Health Division
Ministry of ManpowerSingapore
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Overview
Safety Culture Defined Importance of Safety Culture Virtuous Cycles to Cultivate Positive Safety
Culture New Legal Framework to Support Positive
Safety Culture Regulator’s Roles
Capability Building Facilitation roles Enforcement Stance
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Safety Culture
Organisational Culture is,
“a system of shared values (what is important) andbeliefs (how things work) that interact with acompany’s people, organisational structures, andcontrol systems to produce behavioural norms (the
way we do things around here).”(Uttal, B. 1983)
Safety Culture is,
“a system of shared values (what is important) andbeliefs (how things work) that interact with acompany’s people, organisational structures, andcontrol systems to produce safety-related behavioural
norms (the way we do things around here).”
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Safety Culture Defined
Safety-related
behavioural norms
People
Organisa-
tional
Structure
Control
Systems
Shared
Beliefs
Shared
Values Safety
Culture
Accident
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Positive Safety Culture
Shared Values All human lives are precious
Safety is more important than production
Shared Beliefs
All accidents are preventable
My actions/decisions have safety implications onothers
I am accountable for my safety actions/decisions
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F r e q u e n
c y R a t e
Accident Frequency Rate = No. of accidents per million man-hours worked
Accident Frequency Rate by
Year (All Industries)
Introduction of Safety
Management System
Average frequency
rate remained at 2.2
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Limits to Growth/ Success
Efforts onenforcement
& SMS
X = Safetyperformance
Gap = X - Y
Perf VsExpectation
Amount ofindustry efforts& resources on
safety
Y = Expectation ofindustry
Safety culture ofindustry
+
+
+
+
+ -
-rowth Loop
Limiting Loop
Key toovercoming
plateau
Society/public’sexpectation
+
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8
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1 9 8
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1 9 9
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1 9 9
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F r e q u e n c y R a t e
Accident Frequency Rate = No. of accidents per million man-hours worked
Accident Frequency Rate by
Year (All Industries)
Introduction of Safety
Management System
Average frequency
rate remained at 2.2
Time to focus on
Positive Safety
Culture
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Cultivating Positive SafetyCulture
To support and develop a positivesafety culture – 3 virtuous cycles areneeded:
Virtuous cycle sustaining organisation’s safety performance results
Virtuous cycle supporting networks of
committed people Virtuous cycle supporting personal
results
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Virtuous Cycle: Organisation’sSafety Performance Results
Enthusiasm &
Willingness to
Commit
Credibility
Safety
PerformanceResults
D E L A Y
Investment
to build
Safety Culture
Capabilities
DELAY
New
Behavioural
Norms
D E L A Y
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Virtuous Cycle: Networks ofCommitted People
Enthusiasm &
Willingness to
Commit
Investment
to build
Safety Culture
People
Engagement
Shared Values& Beliefs
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Virtuous Cycle: PersonalResults
Enthusiasm &
Willingness to
Commit
Investment
to buildSafety Culture
Capabilities
PersonalResults
D E L
A Y
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Legal Framework to SupportPositive Safety Culture
From Minimising Presented Risksto Mitigating Them at Source:Involving All Stakeholders
Occupiers, employers, suppliers,manufacturers, designers and persons atwork must have responsibility for risk
prevention
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Legal Framework to SupportPositive Safety Culture
Prevent accidents through higherpenalties for poor safetymanagement
Greater financial disincentives andpenalties
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Legal Framework to SupportPositive Safety Culture
Industry Required to Take GreaterOwnership of Safety Outcomes
From Prescriptive to Goal-setting
Legislation: Mandatory Safety ManagementSystems, Health and Safety Plans
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Regulator’s Roles
Regulator’s Roles
Capability Building
Facilitation
Surfacing results through enforcement
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Role of Regulators
Personal
Results
Enthusiasm &
Willingness to
Commit
Investment
to build
Safety Culture
Capabilities
D E L A
Y
Shared Values& Beliefs
People
Engagement
Safety
Performance
Results
D E
L A Y
Credibility
New
Behavioural
Norms
D E L A
Y
CapabilityBuilding
D E L A Y
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Capability Building
With the new framework, competency gapswill develop, for e.g.
ability to design for safe construction, operation
and demolition ability to conduct Risk Assessment
ability to create and implement S&H Plans
Initial period, there will be a need to provideincentives and also bring in suchcompetencies
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Role of Regulators
Personal
Results
Enthusiasm &
Willingness to
Commit
Investment
to build
Safety Culture
Capabilities
D E L A
Y
Shared Values& Beliefs
People
Engagement
Safety
Performance
Results
D E
L A Y Credibility
New
Behavioural
Norms
D E L A
Y
EngagingStakeholders
thru’
Facilitation
D E L A
Y
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Facilitation
Facilitation = “Make it easier” Consult and communicate with all
stakeholders Address concerns Anticipate problems
Mitigate implementation costs
Encourage communication betweenstakeholders
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Facilitation
Communication channels Seminars
Promotion activities
Promoting Best Practices
Identify & Publicise Best Practices
Recognition & Awards
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Role of Regulators
Personal
Results
Enthusiasm &
Willingness to
Commit
Investment
to build
Safety Culture
Capabilities
D E L A
Y
Shared Values
& Beliefs
People
Engagement
Safety
Performance
Results
D E
L A Y Credibility
New
Behavioural
Norms
D E L A
Y
Enforcement-Personal
accountabilityand duties on
all stakeholders
D E L A
Y
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Enforcement Stance
Instilling key values Personal accountability Duties on all stakeholders
Accountability balanced with power RSO’s power to be expanded
Preventative enforcement Penalise on poor safety management Nurturing Stakeholders Culture
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Role of Regulators
Personal
Results
Enthusiasm &
Willingness to
Commit
Investment
to build
Safety Culture
Capabilities
D E L A
Y
Shared Values
& Beliefs
People
Engagement
Safety
Performance
Results
D E
L A Y Credibility
New
Behavioural
Norms
D E L A
Y
Capability
Building
Enforcement-Personal
accountabilityand duties on
all stakeholders D E
L A Y
EngagingStakeholders
thru’
Facilitation
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Conclusions
The current system has reached plateau andto achieve a quantum leap we need toinculcate a positive safety culture in the
industry Safety culture is the key to sustained
improvement of safety performance
Shared values and beliefs that create behaviouralnorms
Need to revamp OSH framework
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Conclusions
Regulators can play unique roles in thesystem and it encompasses:
Capability building
Facilitation Enforcement
However, legal framework can seek to
support, but not create, a positive safetyculture Need the industry to help itself!
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